968 
Tht RURAL NEW-YORKER 
some outside source. The well would 
quickly become contaminated again. The 
practical way to guard wells from con¬ 
tamination is to locate them upon higher 
ground than the dwelling house, bairns, 
etc., which they serve, when this is pos¬ 
sible and, in any event, as far as practi¬ 
cable from privy vaults and cesspools. 
They should then be guarded against sur¬ 
face water .contamination, as suggested 
above.. The direction of underground cur¬ 
rents of water cannot be changed, but 
any well can be protected from its source 
of greatest danger—the access to it of 
unfiltered surface water and the washing 
into it of dirt carried to the well plat¬ 
form from unknown sources and dis¬ 
tances. A driven well is, perhaps, to be 
preferred, but a dug well is often the 
only practicable one. M. B. P. 
SALES FOR MAY, 1921 
Fluid milk sold to dealers. . $4,830,502.99 
Sales from plants operated 
by the Association : 
The disposition of the milk handled by 
the Association in its own plants was as 
follows: 
Hubam Clover Seeded in Corn 
Do you advise seeding the new Hubam 
clover in the corn at the last working, 
about the last of July, as cover crop for 
turning in next year? Crimson clover 
has failed to amount to anything in our 
section ; we used to have it as fine as I 
ever saw, but for the last six or eight 
years it has failed. H. B. 
Virginia. 
We would advise it only as an experi¬ 
ment. No one knows yet just how to use 
this Hubam clover to best advantage. It 
is an annual, or one-season crop, and does 
not usually live through the Winter, as 
the old-fashioned Sweet clover does. It 
might work out like Crimson clover, but 
that is not at all sure. If the Crimson 
does, not succeed we should use rye and 
vetch in the corn. 
Butter . 
Fluid and skim- 
$128,541.95 
milk . 
107,303.88 
Cream . 
38,853.12 
Plain condensed 
20,712.47 
Sweetened cond.: 
Cases dom... 
4,581.45 
Cases export. 
Evaporated: 
13.00 
Cases dom. . . 
28,025.15 
Cases expoi’t. 
2,817.00 
Skim-milk p’der 
Whole milk p’der 
Sweetened skim 
45,650.42 
condensed .. . 
810.27 
Pot cheese. 
24.18 
Buttermilk .... 
834.37 
Cheese. 
Casein . 
46,112.06 
Ice cream mix’e 
2.919.02 
Miscellaneous .. 
742.04 
Trouble with Sweet Peas 
Can you give me some information 
about sweet pea disease? My sweet pea 
vines seem to rot or mildew just where 
they come out of the ground, causing the 
vines to wilt and die. I have watered 
them regularly once or twice a week, as 
they seemed to need it, and have applied 
nitrate of soda about once a week (dis¬ 
solved in water) at the rate of about 
one ounce to two rods of drill. Has this 
anything to do with it? Also, what 
causes sweet pea buds to blast? I have 
a row of early and of late-flowering 
varieties side by side, and each has re¬ 
ceived the same care. The early-flowering 
ones blossom well, but on the late varie¬ 
ties the buds seem to blast and practi¬ 
cally no blossoms. The only difference at 
all in the two rows is that the late 
varieties are much thicker, as the seeds 
come up better. C. C. C. 
Tolland, Mass. 
Your use of nitrate of soda has been 
injudicious, and it is highly probable that 
much of the trouble with your sweet peas 
results from this, combined with the 
weather conditions of the present season. 
The blasting and dropping of buds is due, 
among other causes, to too much nitro¬ 
genous fertilizer, but it also results from 
adverse weather conditions and irregular 
supply of moisture. 
Mildew often affects the stems, and 
this may be your trouble, but the condi¬ 
tion you describe may also be aided by 
the nitrate. The only liquid fertilizer we 
would care to apply to .sweet peas is weak 
manure water during the flowering per¬ 
iod, and if the soil is properly prepared 
beforehand we would rather trust to fre¬ 
quent cultivation and a mulch of lawn 
clippings than to tLe^e liquid applica¬ 
tions. Another thing that often causes 
trouble with sweet peas is watering that 
is not copious or regular. If water is 
given at all, it should be plentiful. Like 
Dahlias, more good results are obtained 
from constant, cultivation than from an 
irregular water supply, which may cause 
interruptions to normal growth. 
Controlling Plum Curculio 
Could you tell me how to take care of 
a good plum tree that has a fine growth, 
but every year as the plums are about 
1% in. long they turn purple and fall off? 
This tree is in a sunny place in the mid¬ 
dle of a garden on a hill J. S. 
Brewster, N. Y. 
The dropping of frun. from the plum 
tree is probably caused through injury 
from the plum curculio. This is a beetle 
or weevil which attacks plums, cherries, 
peaches and apples. The adult beetle lays 
eggs under the skin of the fruit and then 
makes a crescent-shaped slit underneath 
the egg cavity, leaving the eggs in a flap 
of the flesh. These characteristic punc¬ 
tures or crescents are readily found on 
the infected fruit. Both plums and cher¬ 
ries tend to drop off after curculio injury, 
many times not a fruit being left on the 
trees. 
The old method of control was to shake 
the trees or “jar” them with a mallet, the 
pests falling into a sheet spread for the 
purpose. Now, especially in the North, 
arsenate of lead spray is being used at the 
rate of 2% lbs. to 50 gals, of water. One 
application is made directly after the 
petals fall, another about two weeks later. 
Old rubbish, ‘stone fences and brush 
should be cleaned up, as the beetles live 
over Winter in such places. T. H. t. 
Class 1 
Class .2 
Class 3 
Class 4 
Class 4 
Butter 
Cheese 
3,433,136 lbs. .07% 
4,486,269 lbs. .09% 
4,959,747 lbs. .10% 
11,551,938 lbs. .23% 
25,250,245 lbs. .51% 
49,681,335 lbs. 
427,940.38 
Total sales, May, 1921.. $5,264,443.37 
At the close of business on May 31 the 
financial condition of the Association was 
as follows: 
ASSETS 
Cash in banks. $32,340.82 
Cash in banks to retire cer¬ 
tificates and mortgages.. 54,640.23 
Accounts receivable. 4,992,386.18 
Bonds ( Liberty) Auburn. . 850.00 
Bonds (Liberty) customers’ 
security . 600.00 
Bonds (Liberty) Dairy¬ 
men’s League, Inc. 30,000.00 
Subscribers to certificates 
unpaid . 54.576.93 
I’lants and equipment. 1,482,041.72 
Cans . 79,835.36 
Patents and Trade-Marks.. 4,834.00 
Inventories. 412,840.73 
$7,144,945.97 
LIABILITIES 
Due members for milk.... $4,732,700.33 
Reserve for interest on cer¬ 
tificates of indebtedness, 
mortgages.. 11,439.92 
Reserve to retire certificates 
of indebetedness, mort¬ 
gages. provide working 
capital and other neces¬ 
sary reserves, and to pro¬ 
mote interests of the As¬ 
sociation . 286,697.62 
Reserve for sales losses.... 579.57 
Certificates (full paid)..,. 1,013,002.52 
Accounts payable . 306,486.35 
Notes payable . 173,754.39 
Mortgages payable . 108,600.00 
Bonds payable. 50,000.00 
Contracts payable. 365,866.67 
Subscriptions . 95,818.60 
$7,144,945.97 
OPERATIONS FOR JUNE, 1921 
During June 37,212 members partici¬ 
pated in the pooling of proceeds. Of this 
number 29,370 delivered milk to 863 
plants operated by dealers, and 7,842 de¬ 
livered to 100 plants operated by the 
Association. 
Reports from dealers operating 863 
plants, buying from and 100 plants oper¬ 
ated by the Association, show that the 
total amount of milk handled during the 
month of June at all plants reported was 
459,518,227 lbs. This amount, as you 
will understand, is the total amount that 
was delivered to all plants operated by 
pooled and unpooled League members, 
and by non-League members. 
Of this amount there was delivered to 
plants operated by the dealers from 
pooled members 231,606,424 lbs. of milk, 
which, added to 49,681,335 lbs. of milk 
handled in the plants operated by the 
Association, makes a total quantity of 
pooled milk for the month of June 281,- 
287,759 lbs., or 61 per cent of the total 
amount of milk delivered to plants pur¬ 
chasing from or operated by the Associa¬ 
tion. 
Of all the milk handled in the plants 
operated by the dealers who are report¬ 
ing, and in the plants owned by the As¬ 
sociation, the percentages of the whole 
utilized under our different classifications 
was as follows: 
Class 1 .182,052,355 lbs. 39% 
Class 2 . 96,788,524 lbs. 22% 
('lass 3 . 57,698,955 lbs. 12% 
Class 4 Butter... 59,189,248 lbs. 13% 
Class 4 Cheese... 63,789,145 lbs. 14% 
459,518.227 lbs. 
Of all the pooled milk handled in the 
plants operated by the dealers who are 
reporting, and in the plants owned by 
the Association, the percentages of the 
whole utilized under our different classi¬ 
fications was as follows: 
The average price that will be received 
for all grade B milk at the 200-mile zone 
testing 3 per cent of fat, including both 
that sold direct to dealers and that han¬ 
dled in the plants operated by the As¬ 
sociation, will amount to approximately 
$1,455. 
(Note.—A ny variation from the above 
Stated price is due to grade, butterfat, 
freight, hauling and other established 
differentials.) 
The total administrative expense 
covering both the Dairymen’s 
League and Dairymen’s League 
Co-operative Association amounts 
per 100 lbs. to.021 
Deduction is being made to be dis¬ 
tributed to local Leagues to 
cover local expenses, per 100 
lbs. ..002 
Deduction is being made and is be¬ 
ing credited to our advertising 
fund to the amount per 100 lbs. 
of.007 
Deduction is being made to create 
insurance fund to cover losses 
created by uncollectible accounts 
and other losses.005 
Total, including administrative 
covering Dairymen’s League, 
Dairymen’s League Co-operative 
Association, locals and advertis¬ 
ing amounts per 100 lbs. to.035 
Credited to certificate of indebted¬ 
ness account and for which on 
April 25, 1922, a certificate of 
indebtedness bearing 6% inter¬ 
est, and maturing in five years, 
be delivered to the member, oer 
ioo lbs.:.. .10 
Cash payment on account on July 
25 to cover deliveries during the 
month of June, per 100 lbs.... 1.32 
1.455 
Legal Questions 
Legal Difficulty with Farm Tenant 
I have had my farm rented to a tenant 
on shares for the last four years, without 
a written agreement. When he moved 
on my farm, four years ago, had at least 
10 tons of hay in excess of what was 
needed to feed his stock till harvest, and 
the bargain was that this hay belonged 
to me and could not be used without my 
permission. I kept the hay in storage in 
the barn till such time as there might be 
a short crop, and I would permit feeding 
it. There has teen no shortage so far, 
but my tenant failed to house all the hay 
that was grown. He sometimes would 
mow down the grass and leave it rot on 
the field, and used my hay without my 
permission, and fed it excessively, so that 
the cows spoiled a good bit of it. Now 
he is going to move away, and used up 
all the feed, so'that, I am compelled to 
buy feed for the next tenant. Under the 
law. can I hold him responsible for using 
my hay and leaving his crop to decay and 
burn it on the field, as he used to do? In 
1919 he mowed a field of 14 acres, hauled 
a few loads in the barn, and was caught 
in a rain, so ho left the balance in the 
field. When he wanted to plow the sod 
for wheat he set fire to it and burned it 
up. This i« robbing me and the farm. 
Last Winter he had more cattle than is 
allowed. t. s. R. 
Pennsylvania. 
If your tenant has violated the terms 
of his lease and has failed to care for 
the crops in a workmanlike manner, as 
good husbandry would require, you no 
doubt have an action against him. As 
to whether or not it would be advisable 
to commence action depends entirely upon 
the financial responsibility of the tenant. 
Probably your whole trouble is caused by 
your failure to draw a writen contract 
or agreement. It would seem safe to 
say that in seven cases out of ten, where 
there is a dispute between the landlord 
and the tenant, the difficulty may be 
traced to the failure to draw a written 
contract. No matter how small the farm 
(hat is being leased, both landlord and 
tenant will find the few dollars they will 
be required to spend to have a lease 
drawn well invested. n. t. 
Class 1 
Class 2 
Class 3 
Class 4 
Class 4 
Butter. 
Cheese. 
.104.322,028 lbs. 
. 55,943,252 lbs. 
. 33,801,995 lbs. 
. 39,216,211 lbs. 
. 48,004,273 lbs. 
281,287,759 lbs. 
Retroactive Increase in Rent 
A neighbor of mine on a farm has it 
by the year, and pays rent for six months, 
sometimes for eight months, and some- 
37% times for four months, according to how 
20% much money he has. The last rent was 
12% paid until January 1, 1921. and the land- 
14% lord came in April and told them that 
17% he had raised the rent, starting with Jan¬ 
uary- Had he right to notify them in 
January or in April? Last year this 
July 30, 1921 
neighbor paid rent until February, 1920, 
at $20 a month. In May the landlord 
said that he would raise the rent, starting 
the month of March. Could the landlord 
raise rent at that time? This year it is 
raised to $25 a month. h. m. 
New York. 
Your neighbor should be more familiar 
with the old adage, “Bite me once, shame 
on you bite me twice, shame on me.” I 
should have thought his experience in 
1920 would have been sufficient to put 
him on his guard for the year of 1921. 
In absence of some agreement the land¬ 
lord could not step in the middle of the 
year and raise the rent for preceding 
months. If there was a written contract 
or lease, your question could not arise. 
If your neighbor intends to continue ou 
the farm, he would better have a lease 
drawn afc once. If the landlord is un¬ 
willing to sign the lease, the tenant would 
better move. 
Foreclosure of Chattel Mortgage 
Suppose a landlord has a mortgage 
upon the stock and tools of his tenant. 
If he foreclosed would the tenant be jus¬ 
tified in leaving the farm if he could not 
pay or if he could not buy others to work 
the farm? What procedure is necessary 
to foreclose ? w. R. L. 
New York. 
A tenant would not be justified in leav¬ 
ing the farm of his landlord simply be¬ 
cause the landlord has obliged him to pay 
a debt that was due. If the tenant has 
no stock and tools to work with, no doubt 
an arrangement could be made with the 
landlord whereby the tenant might be re¬ 
leased from the responsibility of the lease, 
for it is difficult to see how he could be 
very useful on the farm. 
A mortgagee under a chattel mortgage 
may foreclose by bringing an action 
therefor, or if he can obtain peaceable 
possession of the mortgaged property he 
may do so and sell the same, after giving 
due notice of sale, and if any money re¬ 
mains after satisfying the mortgage and 
the expenses of sale, he must pay this 
over to the mortgager. N. T. 
Redeeming Land Sold for Taxes 
A man had 124 acres of unseeded land. 
It was sold for taxes; authorities did not 
let him know anything about it. Holder 
supposed the taxes were paid. Is there 
any way to get it back? F. c. R. 
Ascertain from the officer making the 
sale if the period for redemption has ex¬ 
pired. If it has not, you may redeem by 
paying the amount of tax, interest and 
expense of sale. 
CONTENTS 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, JULY 30, 19*1 
FARM TOPICS 
The “Intensive” Method of Seeding Grass. 
965, 966 
Keeping a Field in Grass... 966 
Hubam Clover for Late Manurial Crop. 967 
Hubam Clover Seeded in Com. 968 
Coming Farmers’ Meetings. 970 
What About $12 Hayl. 970 
Crops and Farm Notes. 970 
Hope Farm Notes. ; . 972 
The Grange League-Federation Exchange... 975 
New York Not Responsible for Deer Damage 975 
Farm Bureau Market Tour. 975 
New York Potato Crop and Its Prospects.. 979 
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY 
Selling Farm Manufactured Woolen Goods.. 975 
Wonders of the Milk Diet. 980 
Tuberculosis from Unpasteurized Milk. 980 
Homemade Beehives; Feeding Young Pigs. 980 
THE HENYARD 
Precocious Puullets and Auto Hogs. 966 
Goose Raising on a Large Scale. 966 
Talks About the Chicken Business. 967 
HORTICULTURE 
Trouble with Sweet Peas. 968 
Controlling Plum Curculio. 968 
Garden Notes from New England. 968 
Notos from a Maryland Garden. 969 
Self-Shelling Lima Beans. 969 
WOMAN AND HOME 
The Home Dressmaker. 973 
Remedying a Junk Pile. 973 
Boys and ( iris.976, 977 
A Farmer’s Wife on Children. 979 
Weaving Chair Seats. 979 
My Best Labor Saver. 979 
The Pastoral Parson. 984 
Some of the World’s “Queer” People. 984 
MISCELLANEOUS 
Cleaning Out a Well. 969 
Trouble with Trespassers. 969 
The Maryland Fish Farmers... 970 
Events of the Week. 970 
Beware of This Thief.... 970 
Homemade Flypaper . 971 
Lacing Leather . 971 
Formula for Hektograph. 971 
Fireproof Roof Paint. 971 
Central Heat and Cold Well Water. 971 
Tooth Powders and Pastes.... 971 
Resting Razors . 971 
Soap from Peanut Oil. ... 971 
Changing Food Habits. 975 
North Dakota Politics. 975 
A School Teacher on Schools. 975 
A Primer of Economics—Part XXXX. 982 
The Great June Harvest Education... 982 
Troubles of a Young Teacher. 982 
The Rural School. 982 
The Robber Robin Once More. 984 
Our Friend, the Toad... 984 
How to Kill Woodchucks. 984 
Bees, Woodchucks and Robins. 984 
No Danger from Snowshoe Rabbits. 984 
Barrel Trap for Skunk. 984 
Fish in a Brook. 984 
Killing the Robber Robin. 984 
Publisher’s Desk . 986 
Mr. Reynolds Talks to Readers. 986 
Adoption of Adults. 986 
