1052 
The RURAL. NEW-YORKER 
Augusi 2Y, 1021 
Garden Notes From New England 
Public Markets. — There has been 
much speculation as to whether the pub- 
lie markets established in various parts 
of New England during the war would 
become permanent. The situation seems 
to have reached a fair degree of nor¬ 
malcy, to use a word which is very popu¬ 
lar in the public prints just now, and we 
find that in towns and cities where the 
experiment was given a fair trial under 
favorable conditions the demand for such 
markets has remained. The great; major¬ 
ity of those started while the war was 
on have disappeared. Many of them had 
n# sound reason for existence, anyway, 
and as a rule retail merchants were 
strongly opposed to them. In not a few 
cases they were abandoned as a result of 
the influence brought to bear by these 
retailers. Occasionally the women of the 
town have compelled the powers that, be 
to authorize a market and to provide a 
location. Such an instance was recently 
reported from Wellesley. Mass., where 
the women won their point after a hard 
fight. 
A Successful Example. — Perhaps 
the most conspicuous success among the 
open-air markets is the one at Quincy, 
stock of provisions. A large quantity of 
vegetables and fruit which formerly went 
to Boston and was then shipped back to 
the South Shore now gets no further than 
the Quincy marketplace, where it is re¬ 
tailed not only to local residents, but also 
to the owners of Summer homes driving 
through the town. This marketplace was 
not established without opposition, but 
evidently has come to stay. Certainly it 
is well patronized, and while the prices 
may not be much lower than those in the 
retail stores, the goods offered are always 
fresh. A string of small corner markets 
has also been scattered through Boston, 
and much local trade is picked up in this 
way. It is difficult to change the customs 
of a generation or two in conservative 
Xew England, but at least a step has 
been taken in the direction of getting 
closer co-operation between the farmer 
and the public. 
Storms. Blights and Bugs. —As the 
editor of The B. N.-Y. said in a recent 
number, the farmer has to be a gambler 
in spite of himself. This is just as true 
of the commercial vegetable grower. Xo 
matter how carefully the market gardener 
may plan his season’s work, he can never 
Market Place at Quincy, Massachusetts 
Mass., which is on the direct road to 
Cape Cod. Here a score or more farmers 
and market gardeners gather each Wed¬ 
nesday and Saturday throughout the 
Summer. A covered shed with benches 
has been provided for their occupancy, 
and hundreds of automobiles stop at the 
curb while their owners lay in a generous 
CONTENTS 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, AUGUST 27, 1921 
FARM TOPICS 
A Farmer Defends His Property and-.. 1050 
Lime and Fertilizer on Meadow. 1051 
Sawdust and Manure; Sweet Clover. 1051 
Killing Canada Thistle. 1051 
A Virginia Farm Girl. 1051 
How to Handle Chicken Manure. 1051 
Value of Silage Corn. 1051 
Hope Farm Notes. 1056 
Statement of Southern Conditions. 1059 
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY 
Manufacturing the Farmers’ Wool. 1059 
Too Close Inbreeding. 1065 
Dairymen’s League Report. 1068 
Wonders of Milk Diet. 1068 
Another Milk-fed Baby. 1068 
Difficult Churning . 1068 
Rotation for School Farm. 1064 
Feeding Mules . 1064 
Rations for Cows. 1064 
Peanut Hearts for Feeding. 1064 
THE HENYARD 
Selling Produce by Mail...1050, 1051 
New Jersey Poultrymen Organize. 1059 
Those. Favorite Red Hens. 1069 
Concrete Pit for Droppings. 1069 
Cannibal Pullets . 1069 
Advertising Ducks . 1069 
Yarded Ducklings . 1069 
HORTICULTURE 
The Nanticoke Blackberry. 1050 
WOMAN AND HOME 
The First Days of Fall. 1053 
A Woman Left with a Farm. 1053 
Boys and Girls.1060, 1061 
The Pastoral Parson. 1062 
Writing a Will... 1062 
The Home Dressmaker. 1063 
Two Delicious Warm Weather Desserts.... 1063 
MISCELLANEOUS 
A Primer of Economics. 1053 
Stray Hens and Automobiles. 1053 
Fly Poison . 1055 
Traps in Soil Pipe. 1055 
Perpetual Motion . 1055 
Gray Whitewash . 1055 
Ill-flavored Salt Pork. 1055 
Cider Fails to Form Vinegar. 1055 
Cleaning Marble Tombstones. 1055 
Wallpaper Blisters When Varnished. 1055 
Welding . 1055 
Gravity of Storage Battery. 1055 
Mr. Hiram Fusser on Farm Papers. 1055 
Some Boys Are Overworked. 1056 
Prof. Charles H. Royce. 1059 
Bird Baths, Woodchucks and Red Pepper.. 1066 
The Useful Woodchuck. 1066 
Hawks and Nux Vomica. 1066 
Snake Skins in Birds’ Nests. 1066 
Raising Young Raccoons. 1066 
Adventure with a Turkey Mother. 1066 
Publisher’s Desk . 1070 
Old Forgotten Cemeteries. 1070 
Health in City and Country. 1070 
A Day Off. 1070 
successfully forecast the weather. It 
happens, therefore, that many market 
gardeners will have a very small crop of 
tomatoes, owing to blight, hailstorms and 
freshets. After a recent downpour a 
neighbor of mine, a very large market 
grower with a hillside location, must have 
had a ton or two of tomatoes piled up 
against the fence at the bottom of the 
field. It is discouraging, but it is one of 
the things that the man who tickles the 
earth with a hoe must expect. No matter 
how much tickling it. gets, the earth does 
not always laugh with the harvest. There 
are compensations, though, and one of 
'hem this season has been a comparative 
freedom from the attacks of potato bugs. 
In some sections the bugs have been 
numerous, but in others have not ap¬ 
peared at all. It hasn't been necessary to 
put an ounce of poison on my potato 
patch this season. I have had some trou¬ 
ble with striped beetles, but tobacco dust 
has kept them under control. Apparently, 
however, we are in for another visitation 
of the squash vine-borer, which often 
does an immense amount of damage jn 
Xew England. Some backyard gardeners 
claim it is almost impossible to grow 
squashes at all. I find, though, that cov¬ 
ering the joints with earth as soon as the 
plants begin to make runners is pretty 
good insurance. Many additional roots 
are made at the joints, and the plants 
become strong enough to withstand the 
pests, especially if a little work is done 
in getting them out, care being taken to 
make the slit lengthwise of the vines. 
Plants for Bee Fodder. —One of my 
reasons for growing raspberries is to pro¬ 
vide a certain amount of pasturage for m.v 
bees. I am quite well aware that what 
the bees get from the berry patch is a 
comparatively small item, and yet with 
many varieties there is a long season in 
which bushes are in bloom, and as the 
bees work on the flowers very constantly 
there must be a large amount of rasp¬ 
berry honey in the hive at the end of the 
season. In sections where there are 
large quantities of blooms at one time, 
the bef>s naturally depend upon them, but. 
in localities like ours they have to get a 
little here and a little there. In some 
sections considerable basswood honey is 
made, and in others a good crop is ob¬ 
tained from sumach. In my own section 
I seldom get the supers filled until golden- 
rod comes on. Tt is interesting, though, 
to watch the different flowers which at¬ 
tract the bees most. In my herbaceous 
border I have a plant of snakeroot, or 
Oimicifuga, which is literally covered with 
bees while the blooms last. Another plant 
which they frequent in great numbers is 
Clleome, the so-called spider plant. In 
the North this plant is treated as an an¬ 
nual, but coming up each season from 
self-sown seeds. It blooms in the Fall, 
making one of the best shows in my gar¬ 
den. and the bees love it. At first sight 
one would not expect the globe Biistle, 
with its curious steel-colored balls, to at¬ 
tract the bees, and yet it is one of the 
plants which they seem to like best of all. 
Late Crops to Plant. —When it 
eomes midsummer garden makers often 
find that some of the earlier crops have 
not been a success, or that they have 
vacant spaces which might be used to 
advantage for the rest of the season. I 
find kohl rabi a very good vegetable to 
put in at this season. It grows rapidlv 
and requires no coddling. The bulbs 
formed on top of the ground have almost 
the same flavor as the turnip, and may be 
eaten when no larger than a small rub¬ 
ber ball. Although the fact is not gener¬ 
ally known, kohl rabi can be stored in 
boxes of sand in the cellar in the same 
way as turnips, and keep reasonably well. 
I understand that in England this vege¬ 
table is often grown and kept for Winter 
feeding of cattle. Tt is strange that so 
few people are familiar with kohl rabi, 
which certainly deserves a place in all 
gardens. 
Market Garden Xotes. — When I vis¬ 
ited a market garden the other day I was 
interested to note the care taken to have 
the rows of vegetables very straight. The 
average market gardener takes pride in 
this point. But this is not the only rea¬ 
son why he is so careful. If the rows 
are not straight it is difficult to cultivate 
them rapidly, and this is particularly 
true when a power cultivator is used. lii 
this instance tomato plants were being 
set out. and the holes were made at equal 
distances the length of a long rope 
stretched taut between two stakes at op¬ 
posite ends of the field. If this practice 
is good enough for the commercial grow¬ 
er, it is certainly not to be overlooked by 
the man who makes a small garden. 
Somehow it seems to take all the pleas¬ 
ure out of vegetable growing to have a j 
garden which looks untidy and disorderly. 
As a matter of fact, the modern market 
garden is run in the same systematic j 
way and with quite as much attention to j 
detail as a manufacturing establishment. \ 
Slap-dash methods are no longer tolerat- | 
ed, at least on market gardens close to a 
large city. Special attention is paid to 
the matter of preparing the vegetables 
for market. They are washed in tanks of 
running wafer arranged especially for the 
purpose, and oftentimes scrubbed with 
brushes. Then they are packed in mar¬ 
ket boxes so they will show to the best i 
advantage. The old Boston box is being I 
discarded very rapidly, and the new stand- ' 
ard box coming into very general use. 1 
While this means a little extra burden of 
expense for a time, all concerned will be 
well satisfied when the new box is the 
only one seen. 
Dusting in the Orchard. —Fruit 
growers throughout New England are 
showing much interest in the plan of 
using dust sprays. For some years dust¬ 
ing has been practiced very successfully 
in the larger peach orchards, and apple 
growers are beginning to find that it gives 
just as good results as liquid sprays. 
Last year the dust was tried out on 28 
experimental demonstration farms in 
Maine, covering four counties. One re¬ 
port comes from a McIntosh Red orchard 
of Fred II. Smith of East Winthrop, Me., 
where the trees are set close together, 
about 70 to the acre. Up to last year 
very unsatisfactory crops had been ob¬ 
tained from this orchard. Dusting was 
taken lip. the operators giving the pink 
bud and the calyx applications, then dust¬ 
ing again early in August. At harvest 
time Mr. Smith found to his surprise that 
most of his apples were free from scab or 
blotches, while on undusted trees, kept 
as a check, hardly a perfect apple was 
found. At a recent fruit growers’ con¬ 
vention in Massachusetts much interest 
was also shown in the theory of Prof. 
Sanders of Xova Scotia that the crop de¬ 
pends largely upon the spraying done the 
previous year. The theory seems to have 
been thoroughly tested out by Prof. San¬ 
ders, who finds that spraying causes the 
trees to hold their foliage late in the Fall, 
and to mature their fruit buds thorough¬ 
ly, with the result that there is a strong, 
healthy, full bloom the next year. 
E. I. FARRINGTON. 
A PPLES, Peaches. Pears. Quinces 
1, Plums, Cherries, Apricots. Nut 
trees—all are backed by the com¬ 
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Brothers, each of whom person¬ 
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Nursery. 
Fall Planting Pays 
Plant, this Fall and save a whole 
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Onr new Fall Price List, which 
quotes new and attractive prices, 
is now ready. Send for your 
tree copy today—NOW. 
Kelly Brothers Nurseries 
1 160 Main St., Dansville, N. Y. 
you’ll never regret planting Kelly Trees 
mmm* 
Save theYoungFruitTrees 
Rabbits, mice, etc., will 
gnaw and girdle young fruit 
tree of practically every 
variety during the winter, 
if unprotected. Excelsior 
Wire Mesh Tree Guards 
will give you absolute pro¬ 
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IVrite for booklet R and 
prices. 
Wickwire Spencer Steel Corporation 
Worcester, Mass. Bultalo, N. Y. 
Hoffman’s Wheats 
10 hardiest, reliable kinds. Yield more 
per acre—require Jess seed. Graded— 
sound—cleaned clean. Free from cockle— 
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Prices Lower 
than for years. Costs very little to change 
seed. An extra bushel of wheat next har¬ 
vest pays the cost. Hundreds in all sec¬ 
tions gained 5 bushels—others had 
8 to 10 buthel increase per acre 
Every bag must please you —or you return it, 
and we'll refund your money—pay all freight. 
CATALOG and SAMPLES FREE. 
Write for them today. Mention this 
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A. H. Hoffiran, Inc., Landisville, Lancaster County, P». 
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fresh dug, direct from NURSERY to you. Peach, Ap¬ 
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Peopies, Hyacinths, Tulips, Iris. Also shade trees. 
Evergreens, Shrubs, Roses, Privet Hedging, etc. 
GRAPE VINES 
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M aximum nourishment 
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There’s a Reason 
AGrape=Nuts 
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