1064 
‘Th* RURAL NEW-YORKER 
August 
Iti.i 
Live Stock Matters 
Conducted By Prof. F. C. Minkler 
Rotation for School Farm 
Our farm furnishes fruit, gardeu, dairy 
and pork products for Kouka College. 
We have 15 acres of young orchard, live 
acres vineyard and 30 acres of plow land, 
besides woods and pasture. We planned 
to keep three horses, seven head of cat¬ 
tle, four of them milking, and enough 
pigs to use. the garbage. What acreage 
and rotation should we have in order to 
furnish roughage for the cattle, with 
roughage and concentrate for the horses? 
We are planning to build a bank barn to 
accommodate the three horses, seven cat¬ 
tle. a workshop and a harness room in 
the basement. What are the smallest 
dimensions that would shelter this stock, 
together with the roughage necessary to 
carry them through? What are the 
dimensions that you would advise, and 
why? s. it. 
Ketika Park. N. Y. 
It is not easy to suggest ,*i simple rota¬ 
tion that would best serve your purpose 
without having more information as to 
the character of the soil and some idea 
as to the particular crops that thrive best 
under your conditions. However, if you 
will provide 10 acres for meadow, put in 
10 acres of corn and 10 acres of oats and 
peas, or oats and barley, you would find 
that the farm would produce sufficient 
roughage and coarse grain for the horses. 
Likewise that under average season con¬ 
ditions you Would have an abundance of 
roughage for the seven head of cattle. 
Furthermore, if the oats and peas or 
oats and barley yield well, you vi ilid 
have some surplus coarse grains that 
could be milled and used as a basis for 
daily ration for the cows in milk. 
The 15 acres of meadow ought to yield 
upwards of 20 tons of mixed bay. and 
you will find that six tons of hay will 
take care of the wants of the horses, and 
12 tons of hay ought to more than serve 
the seven bead of cattle. The 10 acres 
of corn ought to yield 350 bushels, and 
200 bushels ought to be quite sufficient 
to feed the three bead of work horses, 
provided they were fed some of tin* sheaf 
oats and peas during the Winter months 
and some of the ground oats and barley 
could supplement the corn during the 
balance of the season. I am assuming 
that the meadow, if well fertilized, might 
stand for three years, and that the two 
10 -acre areas allotted to the growing of 
corn and oats and barley might be inter¬ 
changed each year. 1 am also assuming 
that you have sufficient pasture* to carry 
the cows during tin* Summer months, 
although there has been provided suffi¬ 
cient roughage to meet any emergency 
caused by an unfavorable season. Of 
course, if you desire l<> institute more 
intensive crop production and grow such 
crops as Alfalfa or mangel beets or cer¬ 
tain soiling crops that might yield a 
greater tonnage per acre, it will be pos¬ 
sible for you to maintain a larger num¬ 
ber of animals from this area. 
As to dimensions for the barn to care 
for the live stock and the roughage neces¬ 
sary for their maintenance. I would sug¬ 
gest a building 22x50 with 10-ft. pest*. 
I should run one row of cow stanclii* ns 
along one side and provide a box stall on 
this side for use of calves or cows at 
freshening time. I should put a feeding 
alley 4 ft. wide, running the whole length 
of the barn, and on the other side would 
put three horse stalls aud a workshop. I 
should also provide harness room between 
the workshop and three stalls intended 
for horses. A feeding alley 4 ft. wide 
would permit the installing of bins for 
feed that would make feeding easy and 
convenient. The dimensions of the work¬ 
shop would approximately be 12x12 and 
the box stall would be 8x12. It occurs 
to me that such an arrangement would 
combine convenience with economy and 
would provide a relatively inexpensive 
and a highly satisfactory combination 
barn. 
Feeding Mules 
Can you tell me what the army ration 
is for a mule? Is the same ration right 
for :i pit mule that is hauling 100 tons 
and over of coal in eight hours? J. l*. I.. 
Th regulation ration for army mules 
no doubt, varies in different sections of the 
country, in order that tin* supply depart¬ 
ment might take advantage of the par¬ 
ticular feed products that are available in 
any given district, i'crimps if you will 
communicate with tin* War Department 
at Washington they will direct you to the 
official who would give you fin* informa¬ 
tion requested, and that applies particu¬ 
larly to the feeding of mules in your sec¬ 
tion. 
As far as I know, there is tm reason 
that a mule that works underground 
should be fed any differently from one 
that works on top of the ground. The 
same principles as to variety, palatability. 
nourishment and proportion of roughages 
and concentrates apply. Tl occurs to me 
that a ration consisting of equal parts 
of cracked corn, crushed oats and wheat 
bran, to which 10 per cent of oilmeal is 
added, would be well suited for such use. 
A mixture consisting of 30 lbs. of cracked 
corn. 30 lbs. of whole <>r crushed grain. 
30 lbs. of bran and 50 lbs. of oilmeal 
should serve as the concentrated basis. 
In addition to the grain, the mule should 
bo fed as much roughage, such as mixed 
hay or chopped bay. as he will consume 
with relish, at night. There would be an 
advantage in mixing some cut Alfalfa or 
clover with the grain ration supplied and 
fed during the middle of the day. as it 
would provide bulk and make the combi¬ 
nation less concentrated, and perhaps 
more palatable. As to amounts, this, of 
couse, must be governed in accordance 
with the daily task. Mules do not injure 
themselves by overeating, and for this 
reason they are very easy animals to feed. 
It is required, however, that they be given 
sufficient grain and roughage to keep them 
in good flesh and vigor. A 700-lb. mule 
doing hard work every day would consume 
about 12 lbs. of grain and 12 lbs. of 
roughage. 
Rations for Cows 
Will you give rations for cows in pas¬ 
ture and when cows are in stable, both 
milk and dry cows? I have corncob 
< h< p. ground oats. bran, oilmeal and cot¬ 
tonseed meal. To feed in Winter I have 
corn fodder, clover and Timothy mixed, 
corncob chop, ground oats, bran and oil¬ 
meal. s. L. 
Ohio. 
A suitable grain ration to supplement 
pastures consisting of the products you 
mention could be compounded as follows: 
Corn chop, 400 lbs.; ground oats, 500 
lbs. ; cottonseed meal, 300 lbs. 
Feed 1 lb. of this mixture for each 5 1 /-1> 
or 4 lbs. of milk produced jK*r day -while 
the cows are on pasture. If the pastures 
are unusually short I should add 100 lbs. 
of oilmeal to the combination and feed 
1 lb. of tin* mixture for each 5 or 5*4 
lbs. of milk produced per day. For use 
during the Winter months where you have 
corn fodder with Timothy and clover hay 
for roughage mixed with corncob chop, 
bran and oilmeal for concentrates. 1 
should combine the materials as follows: 
Mixed corncob chop. 500 lbs.: ground 
oats. 500 lbs.; bran, 100 lbs.; oilmeal. 200 
lbs.; cottonseed meal. 200 lbs.; gluten 
feed. 100 lbs. 
For dry cows on pasture I should feed 
equal parts of eornmeal. ground oats, 
wheat bran and oilmeal. I certainly 
should advise feeding dry cows gener¬ 
ously. for it is very important that they 
should put on flesh during their rest 
period and thus be in a position to milk 
heavily after freshening. Copra meal might 
be substituted for the oilmeal if it is 
available at a price consistent with its 
feeding value. Very satisfactory results 
have been obtained from using this pro¬ 
duct in rations for dairy cows, and at the 
present moment it is a more economical 
sum* of protein than linseed meal. You 
do not state whether you have silage or 
any succulent material for use during the 
Winter months. Either silage or moist¬ 
ened beet pulp would improve the Winter- 
ration suggested, and it is necessary that 
cows in milk be generously supplied with 
an abundance of carefully selected rough- 
ages. Clover and Timothy hay mixed 
will serve in an emergency, although it is 
to be hoped that there is more clover than 
Timothy. Corn fodder is equally a> use- 
fid as Timothy bay for milk cows, and 
gives even better results than does Tim¬ 
othy hay when it is fed in conjunction 
with clover. 
Peanut Hearts for Feeding 
Could you advise feeding chickens or 
pigs peanut hearts? I can get it right 
from a factory where peanut butter is 
made, and have been advised to feed it 
to chickens and pigs. What is your 
opinion on this matter? ii.o. n. 
Wallkill. N. Y. 
Peanut meal obtained under the condi¬ 
tions yon have outlined would be a very 
economical source of protein, in fact, on 
tin* general market peanut meal today 
will supply a unit of protein cheaper than 
it can be obtained front either oilmeal or 
cottonseed meal. If you can obtain p* a- 
nut meal direct from the factory in small 
quantities its free oil or high fat content 
would not endanger the product, as fre¬ 
quently prevails when the* produet is mer¬ 
chandized during the Summer months. It 
should be fed in conjunction with corn- 
meal and other carbohydrate carrying 
feeds and should not be relied upon ex¬ 
clusively to provide a daily ration for 
either class of animals. It is palatable, 
nutritious and satisfying, and you are 
fortunate in being able to secure the 
material so clos<* at band. 
Keeping Your Horse 
Perfect Condition 
N O horse with a Spavin, Splint, Ringbone, Curb, Bony 
Growth, Capped Hock, Wind Puff, Strained Tendon 
or Sweeny can compete with his physically perfect mates, 
either in achievements or endurance. Splendid looking 
horses—otherwise sound—often fail because of some blemish 
that could be quickly removed with 
Gomhautt’s 
Caustic Balsam 
Whether you are the owner of race-horses or work-horses, you can 
prolong their usefulness by the use of this time-tested remedy. 
Every stable should have GOMBAULT’S CAUSTIC BALSAM 
always on hand. 
Supersedes all Cautery or Firing. Never leaves a scar or 
discoloration of hair. 
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a 
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GOMBAULT’S CAUSTIC BALSAM if applied immediate¬ 
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and healing. An absolutely safe external remedy for human 
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Every bottle of Caustic Balsam will give satisfaction. 
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