I 102 
The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
September 10, 1021 
ming 
“Thank goodness we had the NEW-IDEA Pipeless Furnace in¬ 
stalled last week. None of us will have to take a soapstone with us 
to a cold room tonight. Every room in this big house is good and 
warm. We save half the fuel and get many times the warmth.’ 
Why don’t you find out about the 
NEW-IDEA Pipeless Furnace 
“The one you’ve heard so much about\” 
It means goodbye to fire danger, cold room sickness, and the 
carrying of dust and dirt and ashes of coal and wood. 
Cost is low—the NEW-IDEA costs but a trifle more than a good stove. 
A Dealer Near You —There is a NEW-IDEA dealer near you. He 
will tell you about the hot blast feed door, cut-joint construction, gas 
and dust-tight radiator, the frameless feed door which prevents gas, 
dust and dirt—and the other exclusive advantages. For homes, 
churches, stores, etc. 
It won’t take a minute to write for 
free printed matter—do it now while 
you think of it. 
Originated and Manufactured by 
Utica Heater Company 
100-200 White Street, Utica, N. Y. 
Manufacturers of the "Superior ” Pipe 
Furnaces and “Imperial" Steam 
and Hot Water Boilers. 
Interesting proposition for live hardware 
dealers, implement men, etc. 
NEW-IDEA 
Pipeless Furnace] 
IHaloney s 
FRUIT and ORNAMENTAL TREES 
Maloney trees for Fall planting are guaranteed true t<> name and free from disease by (lie 
largest growers in New York State. Our hardy upland trees of known merit will establish 
themselves quickly, make a rapid growth, and fruit early. They are shipped direct from the 
nursery at cost of' production plus one protit which means better trees for less money. 
We recognize our responsibility to the fruit growers and we have this year issued a novel 
Descriptive Catalog, that tells Ihe things you ought to know about our business. Write for 
your copy today-—it’s Free. No order is too big or none too small for us to handle personally. 
We Prepay Transportation Charges on all orders for over $7.50 
MALONEY BROS. & WELLS CO., 
Free Catalog of TBEES.SHRUBS ROSES bVINE 
Hardy Fruit Trees 
For Fall Planting 
Our FREE Nursery 
B o o k describes 
standard varieties 
of Apples, Peaches, 
Plums and Cher¬ 
ries. We have, an 
especially line lot of 
one and two-year 
Apple Trees for fall 
shipment. Write 
today for Nursery 
Book and Fa!) Price 
List-FREE 
KELLYS 
A PPLES, Peaches, Pears, Quinces. 
Plums, Cherries, Apricots, Nut 
Ti •ees—all are backed by the com¬ 
bined guarantee of the 5 Kelly 
Brothers, each of whom person¬ 
ally directs a department of the 
Nursery. 
„ ft/me I Fall Planting Pays 
I I 1 PlflTif. fliis TTji. 11 mid flnvn n. wTioIa 
Box 8 
Yalesville, Conn. 
Annual White Sweet Clover 
Front the home of the plant. High tirade Seed 
(Scarified) Germination test must, piease you. Two 
Dollars por pound delivered. Limited supply. 
F. A JAMES CLOVER SEED CO. - NEWBERN, ALABAMA 
STRAWBERRY Plants 
that "’ll! bear fruit next summer. RASPBERRY, BLA( K- 
RERRY, GOOSEBERRY, CURRANT, GRAPE. ASPARA¬ 
GUS. RHUBARB, and PERENNIAL FLOWER PLANTS, 
ROSES and SHRUBS for fall i hinting. Catalogue free. 
HARRY L. SQUIRES Good Ground, N.Y. 
CM. i TT)I „ „ for sale for fall setting. 50 va- 
atraWDCrry X 131113 rietics, including the EVER-WAR¬ 
ING. Catalog fi ee. J. KRIFFOKO HAM., IthodcMlals, Md. It. 2. 
Strawberry, Raspberry & Blackberry PL « T u! ‘rSo™* 
for Fall planting:. Catalogue free. M. N. B0RC0, Vineland, N. J. 
A oboe ITnleaehed, packed in bags, *18 
W 00(1 AS11CS per ton F. O. B. Swarthmore, Fa 
Plant this Fall and save a whole 
year. It puts your trees way ahead. 
Our now Fall Price List, which 
quotes nowand attractive prices, 
is now ready. Send for your 
free copy today—NOW. 
Kelly Brothers Nurseries 
1160 Main St., Dansville, N.Y. 
You’ll never regret planting Kelly Trees 
-v- y 1 W~r 
W. H. LK1J>Y 
Swarthmore, I*a 
P. of H. FLOUR-PURE BRAN 
BUY DIRECT IN 20-TON CARS OR MORE 
Friendly to Organized Warmers. 
CONSUMERS MILLING CO., Minneapolis 
One Year Old 
Apple Trees 
Plant one year old trees to save money, 
without losing time. Saving is be¬ 
lieving. Write me about it. Leading 
varieties. List mailed free. 
THE VAN DOZEN NURSERIES 
C. C. McKay, Mgr., Box R. Geneva, N. Y. 
A Primer of Economics 
By John J. Dillon 
Part XLI 
The Land Bank of the State of New 
York was organized in 1017, tinder a 
Stale law enacted through Ihe influence 
of Governor Martin II. Glynn. It was 
the first institution <»f Ihe kind in this 
country designed to finance farm mort¬ 
gages. The Federal Farm Loan system 
was organized later, and in basic features 
follows the plan of the I,and Bank of 
New York. The Federal law, however, 
exempted the bonds from till taxation and 
appropriated public money to pay till the 
expense of organization and perpetual 
supervision. It also advanced over eight 
million dollars of public money to buy 
stock in the Federal Land Banks, to in¬ 
sure tin original capital fund. 
The bonds of the Land Bank of New 
York are not exempt from taxation, and 
all the expense of organization and the 
entire capital fund had to come from pri¬ 
vate sources. The New York bank was 
hampered by political partisan influences, 
but it was making considerable progress 
up to the time vve declared war on Ger¬ 
many. Then the high rate of interest 
paid for the use of money and the heavy 
income t ax on proceeds of the bonds made 
it impossible to sell the bonds of the Land 
Bank til a rate of interest that farmers or 
home owners could pay. The tax discrim¬ 
ination alone practically suspends the 
functions of the Land Bank. 
In some important features the Land 
Bank of New York is better calculated to 
serve till farm needs than the Federal 
Land Banks. The Federal law limits 
loans to 50 per cent of the land value 
and 20 per cent of the improvements. 
This would hardly exceed 35 per cent of 
the value of the average farm. The 
farmer must supply 65 per cent of the 
value of the farm besides his equipment. 
The moral risk is not considered in the 
law, nor is there any means provided to 
encourage the hired man, the boy or the 
renter to save. The responsibility for 
the loans and the management of the 
Federal Farm Loan Banks is largely as¬ 
sumed by government agents. 
The Land Bank of New York leaves 
the amount of the loan to the local asso¬ 
ciations, where the moral risk may be 
considered, and the loan may run as high 
as 75 or SO per cent of the value of the 
property. The local associations provide 
a means by which the boy or hired man 
may begin to stive in advance to accu¬ 
mulate tin equity in a farm, and liis sav¬ 
ings will bear interest regularly and in¬ 
crease itself while he is waiting. The 
responsibility for the loans rests with the 
local association and the local members 
learn how to manage and care for their 
own funds and business by doing its them¬ 
selves. 
Even with the Federal Farm Loan 
Banks, the State Land Bank is needed, 
and some way should be found to relieve 
it of the unjust discrimination in the mat¬ 
ter of taxation. 
Private Property, Form of Title 
Private property is the institution adopted 
by the civilized world, with trifling ex¬ 
ceptions, as the fundamental arrangement 
for the distribution of wealth. It is the 
basis of our economic system. Under the 
dominant established economic system 
public recognition of the right of owner¬ 
ship in property, either in land or chat¬ 
tels, is called a title. 
When a person comes into possession of 
property that had no previous owner we 
say bis title is original. When he ac¬ 
quires property from another he is said 
to have a derived title. A derived title 
may pass from one to another indefin¬ 
itely, hut it is clear that all acquired 
titles to a definite piece of property must 
trace ultimately to an original title. 
Title may he acquired by first occupancy 
or possession. Having first rightful title 
to natural products or raw material the 
original title to artificial property is ac¬ 
quired by production. This is the host 
title. It is just. No title could he better 
than the farmer’s right to the things he 
produces from the soil. The original 
title to land is acquired by first occupancy 
or possession. Some economists repu¬ 
diate tb<» right of title to land by posses¬ 
sion or first occupancy, and insist that 
the private owner of land is virtually in 
possession of stolen property. Thp de¬ 
rived title may be acquired by national 
grant, or by inheritance or contract. 
Title to much of the land of the world, 
especially in thp Old World, has been 
acquired by plunder, force and conquest, 
and in this country by cunning, trickery 
and bribery. 
Title by Contract. —Legal title to 
personal property is usually acquired by 
a bill of sale and delivery. In many cases 
the title passes by delivery alone. Title 
to real estate or land is more formal. In 
this a contract or deed conveys title to 
the land from one person to another with 
certain guarantees and limitations as t<> 
validity of the title, but the prudent 
buyer makes a careful search of the re¬ 
cords to make sure that no previous lien 
of any kind stands against the property. 
With the delivery of the deed or contract 
the new owner is authorized to take pos¬ 
session of the property. The State pro¬ 
vides facilities through county records by 
which the deed or contract may be filed 
and recorded in public documents as a 
public recognition of the new ownership, 
and when so recorded no subsequent in¬ 
debtedness of the former owner will stand 
against it. The deed or contract between 
the buyer and seller is as good in itself 
without being publicly recorded as when 
it is; but if the new owner neglects to 
record his title a subsequent judgment 
recorded by the courts, or even a mort¬ 
gage. would hold against the property, 
because a third party would otherwise 
suffer through the neglect of the owner 
to register title for public information. 
Deeds to real estate should be recorded 
without delay. 
Value of Apple Trees 
If a train set fire to an auto or building, 
is it conceivable that the measure of dam¬ 
age would in any way depend upon loca¬ 
tion value or nearness to market? It is 
not. Why, then, should the value of an 
apple tree, as much a product of labor as 
an auto or building, depend upon its lo¬ 
cation? While it is true a crop may be 
worth more near a market, this is an ele¬ 
ment in the value of the location and not 
of the products thereon situated. The 
difference in crop value must be set off 
against location value, and not against the 
tree value. If I were an arbitrator in 
he ease I would allow as much for a given 
tree if on land worth $10 an acre as I 
would on land worth $300 an acre. 
New Jersey. G. w. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, SEPT, 10, 1921 
FARM TOPICS 
Cutting anil Separating Wheat and Vetch.. 
Green Pea Crop of Madison County, N. Y.. 
Argument Against the “Boarder Farm”.... 
Using a Hay Press. 
The Objections to Hubam Clover. 
Farm and Garden Notes...,. 
Hope Farm Notes. 
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY 
The Silage Packer, a New Device. 
Cost of Milk Making. 
More Questions on Churning. 
Fresh Paint and Milk; Selling Butter...... 
THE HENYARD 
Egg-laying Contest ... 
HORTICULTURE 
Crowding Fruit Together... 
Notes from a Maryland Garden. 
Grapevines on Arbor.. 
Fertilizer for Asparagus and Strawberries.. 
Asters with Yellows. 
Beautifying a Cemetery Wal’. 
WOMAN AND HOME 
From Day to Day. 
Quilts Like Grandmother Made. 
Salt Cucumber Pickles. 
Substitute Buttermmilk ... 
Using the Dress Form... 
Destroying Ants .. 
Trouble with Icing..... 
Melon Conserve .. 
The Rural Patterns. 
Pepper Hash; Tomato Catsup. 
Wheat Breakfast Food. 
MISCELLANEOUS 
“Beating Up” a Cripple........1099, 
A Statement About Hatching Fish Eggs... 
A Primer of Economics—Part XLI. 
Editorials . 
Building an Icehouse. 
Mending a Leaky Tank... 
Water Supply from Cistern. 
Water Supply from Spring. 
Improving Damp Cellar. 
Ownership of Stray Bees. 
Rights in Bee Tree. 
Types of Beehives. 
Publisher’s Desk . 
1100 
1101 
1099 
1105 
1105 
1105 
1106 
1112 
1112 
1112 
1112 
1117 
1101 
1103 
1103 
1105 
1107 
1107 
1110 
1110 
1110 
1110 
1111 
1111 
mi 
ini 
mi 
mi 
nil 
noo 
1100 
1102 
1108 
1114 
1114 
1114 
1114 
1114 
me 
1116 
1116 
1118 
