1124 
Wh ere there is n demand for a good yellow eating 
apple for late Fall and early Winter the Winter 
Banana is recommended. It has the disadvantage 
of showing bruises very easily, but if one has a 
special trade the extra care required will be amply 
repaid. 
Golden Delicious is being very extensively adver¬ 
tised as a yellow Winter apple to lengthen the season 
ol the Grimes Golden. Although this variety is of 
very recent introduction, it gives promise of being 
very profitable. The trees produce fruit when very 
young. It has the disadvantage of all yellow varie¬ 
ties in that it shows bruises, but it is of good quality 
and bangs on the tree well in the Fall. 
Delicious and Golden Delicious are not of the same 
parentage. The original tree of the Delicious is 
growing in Towa and that of the Golden Delicious 
in West Virginia. Both are chance seedlings, the 
merit of which was recognized by a nursery firm 
who propagated and introduced these two varieties. 
Most of our valuable varieties of apples have been 
discovered as chance seedlings, and it has been be¬ 
cause certain men recognized their value that we 
have varieties like Baldwin, McIntosh. Delicious. 
Rome Beauty. Fusee. Rhode Island Greening, etc. 
Storrs, Conn. s*. p. hollister. 
A Three Year Dairy Rotation 
T HE Ohio Experiment Station described a three- 
year rotation for use on a dairy farm. The crops 
are corn. Soy beans and wheat. This is in a location 
where clover does not do well. The 
corn is used for the silo and for grain, 
the Soy beans for hay. The wheat is 
sold and bran and linseed purchased, 
while straw is used for bedding. In 
this rotation clover is seeded in the 
wheat as a cover crop to be plowed 
down for the corn, while rye is seeded 
in the corn. Hubam clover would do 
well for this purpose. It is not advised 
to use all the manure on the corn, but 
to spread part of it on the wheat. The 
manure should be “phosphated"—that 
is, about 40 pounds of acid phosphate 
used with each load of manure. 
In planning a rotation an effort should 
be made to grow th<> proper proportion 
of grain and roughage, buying only con¬ 
centrates. like bran and cottonseed meal. 
The daily feed of a dairy cow in Win¬ 
ter will be approximately 35 lbs. of silage, 
10 lbs. of hay and to 4 lbs. of corn, 
supplemented with some concentrate, with 
6 lbs. of straw for bedding. 
Applying the foregoing test to the 
three-year rotation, we should have from 
three acres a minimum average of 6.000 
lbs. of silage from half an acre, 1.750 lbs. 
of corn for grain from half an acre, 3.000 
lbs. of Boy bean hay from one acre and 
2,000 lbs. of straw from one ace. The 
silage would provide feed for 171 cow- 
days. the Soy beans hay for 300 cow-days, the corn 
grain for 437 days, the straw bedding for 330 cow-days. 
The three-year rotation, besides balancing the silage, 
would provide grain, hay and straw for the horses and 
cattle, and grain for several hogs and a small flock of 
chickens. The corn stover for grain could be left stand¬ 
ing or cut, according to whether the stover was needed 
or not to supplement the Soy bean hay. Probably two 
plowings should be made in this three-year rotation, as 
a rye cover crop should be sown after the corn. 
•P* RURAL NEW-YORKER 
three to four times the amount, of time was for¬ 
merly consumed in delivering on bay racks. Soil 
and climate are not the only factors present in 
growing such a crop, for while the farmers in this 
immediate section grow and ship to market, the 
farmers 10 miles from the railroad grow peas en¬ 
tirely for the cannery. A vinery is built inland, 
and the shelled peas are all that have to be hauled 
over the bills to the cannery, which is located at the 
railroad center. Cannery peas occupy only about 
one-fourth the acreage of last season. The prin¬ 
cipal reason for this is that the canneries were over¬ 
flowing with canned peas, due to the drop in price, 
and many canneries are holding their canned pro¬ 
ducts until this Fall and Winter in hopes for a 
higher price. 
ORGANIZED EFFORT.—The Madison Pea Ship¬ 
pers’ Association lias about 350 members. Though 
a strong organization, there is a good chance for im¬ 
provement when the growers get together enough to 
back the association to the limit. At present a 
grower is not required to ship his peas through the 
association, but ships where he thinks he can get 
the best price. Prices are not pooled, each man re¬ 
ceiving just what the peas bring on the market, less 
the commission and express. If an association is 
worth while at all, the members should believe in it 
enough to support it to the limit and pool each car’s 
contents. Dissatisfaction is often started by keeping 
each record separate. For instance, two farmers 
ship the same day in the same car through the asso¬ 
ciation. The peas arrive in New York and are 
September 17, 1021 
A’s would be $31.98, B’s $57.27. C's $114.30, D’s 
$201.45. Then total all four of these and divide by 
four, the number in the company. This gives $101.25. 
Now by subtracting A’s from this will give 869.2T, 
which A should receive in cash; P. $43.98, C would have 
$13 05 to pay and D would pay $100.0. 
Michigan. c . L. maxwell. 
I 
SOMETIMES fear that in our attempts to work 
the co-operative game among farmers we are too 
much in fear that the other fellow will put some¬ 
thing over on us, and thereby we fail of the benefit 
that might accrue to us. In this neighborhood five 
farmers own a corn binder. Some of these men 
grow much more corn than the others; still, each 
put an equal amount into the first cost of the 
machine, knowing that it is greatly to the advantage 
of the grower of the smaller number of acres to 
have the use of the harvester, as it would be alto- 
gether unprofitable for him to own one alone. Each 
pays for the ordinary repairs when he is using the 
machine. If repairs to any great extent occurred 
the expense would be divided. It is about the same 
thing with the machine in question; it is greatly to 
Ihe advantage of the man with the smaller amount 
of grain to be able to get his thrashing done so 
cheaply. I did not answer this question in the first 
place without much thought and study from different 
angles. A friend with whom I consulted suggested 
the same thing as does Mr. Maxwell, but agreed 
that bis suggestion only covered a part of the prob¬ 
lem. and I cannot see but what my answer in the 
first place is as fair as any. considering that there 
are numbers of fine points and questions that could 
be brought up and thrashed out. I am. 
“nothing if not practical,” and should 
be pleased to get my thrashing done as 
outlined. I am much interested in the 
co-operative idea and practice that is 
spreading among farmers, and to make 
this successful we must cultivate a 
community spirit and not be too ex¬ 
acting. H. e. cox. 
New York. 
Short Talk About Guinea Pigs 
Will you give me what information you 
can in regard to guinea pigs? l. j. s. 
New York. 
Gi 
Fig. -)? 3 . Delicious. A seven-year-old tree bearing its third crop of fruit 
Green Pea Crop of Madison Co., N. Y. 
Part II. 
I NSECTS AND DISEASES.—The pea aphis has 
caused little trouble this season. This pest lives 
on clover during the Spring, and as soon as the hay 
is harvested it migrates to the peas. It is a sucking 
insect and feeds on the tender young shoots of the 
peas, some seasons destroying the entire late crop. 
The only satisfactory control is to apply Black-leaf 
40 (nicotine sulphate) under high pressure, as soon 
as the pest appears. Blight is a disease which 
attacks the plants during seasons when there is a 
lack of moisture. It is just beginning to appear in 
the fields and has caused little damage as yet. The 
acreage is a little above normal this season, but the 
yields are far below those of last year, so the total 
production will only be about two-thirds of last 
season’s total. Twenty-five thousand bushels have 
been shipped to date. Ninety per cent of the peas 
grown are of the Telephone variety, or late peas; 
5 per cent are Thomas Laxton. and 5 per cent 
Gradus and Potlatch. Thus we have 10 per cent 
early peas, the remaining 90 per cent late peas. 
LOCAL CONDITIONS.—The truck on the farm 
has added materially to the efficiency of the pea 
grower. The pickers are brought to the field each 
morning on trucks in which seats are arranged, and 
are taken home again at night. All the filled baskets 
are taken to the railroad station on the trucks, when 
placed on the curb, and at 2 a. m., when the buyers 
arrive, the price is $3, and all of one farmer’s ai’e 
sold. The second lot is not sold until 7 a. m.. when 
they bring but $2.50. When the two neighbors get 
returns and compare notes one becomes disgruntled 
and thinks the association is doing him. though 
the very next day the result may be just the oppo¬ 
site. If all baskets are packed uniformly, pooling 
seems the logical thing to do. Cranberry growers, 
strawberry growers, the apple men of the West, and 
dozens of other groups pool their products by the 
carload; then why not the pea growers? 
SOIL IMPROVEMENT.—Peas are a fine crop to 
grow on the worn-out gardens of the small towns. 
By worn-out I mean those gardens that for the past 
50 to 75 years have had a corn-potato, potato-corn 
rotation. Plow in the Fall, after applying stone 
lime at the rate of five tons to the acre, and harrow 
as early as possible in the Spring. Then broadcast 
early peas (variety Gradus on rich soil) and seed 
clover. The peas can he harvested by July 1, and 
the clover will make a good growth. Plow under in 
the Fall if a garden is desired for the next year, but. 
better yet, leave in sod for a year or two, and the 
(increase in garden truck will repay the extra 
trouble, to say nothing of any profit on the peas. 
We all wish we had our acres in peas this season, 
but who can tell what another year will bring forth? 
Farmers are already ordering seed, preparing for a 
large acreage, which means a low price for green 
peas next season. theodore h. townsend. 
The Cost of Co-operative Threshing 
I would like to answer the question m regard to 
figuring the returns from a thrashing machine more 
fully, as II. E. C. has only told him how to figure his 
depreciation. Seven of us own a machine. At the end 
of the year we set a price per bushel, say three cents, 
then figure what each man’s hill would be. In his case 
INEA PIGS are used commer¬ 
cially in laboratories for testing 
drug products and in the scientific 
study of disease. They are invaluable 
to the scientist, who through them is 
able to carry on animal experimenta¬ 
tion that has proved of incalculable 
benefit to the human race. Our knowl¬ 
edge of tuberculosis, for instance, has 
been advanced immeasurably by the 
humble guinea pig. that animal being 
especially susceptible to that disease 
and affording a means of experimentation that, 
obviously, could not be carried on with humans. It 
is the laboratories where such studies are made and 
those of the drug manufacturing firms that furnish 
a large part of the market for guinea pigs. Snell 
laboratories usually raise a part of the number that 
they use, and purchase some from breeders. As 
with other markets, the demand varies, and the 
prices paid likewise. During the war the demand 
was enormous and the supply short. This raised 
prices to unprecedented levels. That unusual de¬ 
mand having now ceased, prices may he expected to 
maintain about their usual level. This will afford 
some profit to those who can raise the little animals 
readily, but no one need to expect any fortune from 
a few hutches in the hack yard. 
A full-grown guinea pig approaches two pounds 
in weight. Laboratories prefer them at lighter 
weights, however, or at from seven to 14 ounces. 
They will attain the former size at about six weeks 
of age. Guinea pigs will breed as early as at four 
months of age and may average 12 young a year. 
They are susceptible to disease, particularly colds 
and pneumonia. In cold weather they need artificial 
heat in their quarters, hut may he kept in the open 
in the Summer time. They should he protected from 
dampness and drafts in their hutches which, how¬ 
ever, may be of the simplest construction, merely 
wire front boxes of suitable size. 
The food of guinea pigs consists of dry grains, such 
as wheat, oats and bran, and green foods, like cab¬ 
bage. carrots, beets, clover, etc. They eat large 
quantities of hay also. m. b. d. 
Hogs and Honeysuckle 
If II. D., Petersburg. Va. (page 925), will use a 
portable bog fence and put hogs on the wild honeysuckle 
hp can get rid of it. as they did this for me on about 
one-fourth acre near the house. c. e. k. 
Fairfax. Va 
