1144 
The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
September 17, ldZl 
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- _L T L . 
Every house 
presents its own 
heating problem 
Houses, locations and bank accounts 
differ as much as types of heaters. 
So we make All kinds of modern 
heaters, in order that we may fill all 
requirements of our international 
trade and that every heater we sell 
may be perfectly adapted to the con¬ 
ditions it must meet. 
Any International Heater — steam, 
hot water, vapor, warm air, or One- 
pipe—is a model in its class, proved in 
service. 
Get our free engineering advice in the 
choice of Your heater. We may be 
able to save you hundreds of dollars, 
and our experience, our reputation and 
our freedom from prejudice assure 
you of utmost comfort and satisfac¬ 
tion. 
Ask our local dealers, or write us for 
catalog, also for question blank which 
you fill in and return to us, giving the 
information we need to recommend 
your heater. No Charge or Obligation 
for This Service. 
InTERn/n-iorML 
OnEPiPE He/tter 
Tliis splendid heater with Its 
one big pipe and one big 
register drives clean, moist 
healthful heat to every cor¬ 
ner of every room. Guaran¬ 
teed to give satisfaction where 
installed on our recommenda¬ 
tion. 
SEND US A ROUGH SKETCH 
Write for simplified chart on 
which to draw a plan of your 
house to scale, for our use in 
selecting the one best heater 
for all your requirements. 
lilTERIMTIOIML 
HE/TTER 
6-26 Monroe St., Utica, N. Y. 
Convenient distributing points 
provide for prompt shipments 
m Eggs 
Hens can’t make feathers and eggs at the same time. The 
quicker they get through the molt, the earlier they begin laying. 
Get your hens back on the job early — get lots of eggs this 
fall and winter—get the profits from winter eggs. Help your 
hens to keep in perfect health—to overcome the strain of 
feather-making—toavoid thedangerofmolting-timc sickness 
— to shell out lots of eggs. Give your flock 
Pratts Poultry Regulator 
the time-tested, guaranteed poultry tonic and conditioner. 
“Pratts” naturally strengthens and invigorates the whole system 
—helpsthe molting hens—hurriesthe growing pullets to-early 
laying maturity. The natural result is EGGS, more eggs than 
youi flock could lay without this great help. Note how well 
they can lay with this help. Save Money! Buy 
Pratts in 12 or 25-lb. pails; 50- or 100-lb. bags. 
“ Your Money Back IF YOU Are Not Satisfied” 
There it a Pratt dealer in your vicinity. See him soon. 
PRATT FOOD CO., Philadelphia, Chicago, Toronto. 
The answer to rapid growth and heavy egg production— 
Pratts new Growing and Laying Mashes and Scratch Feeds. 
ppaW’ 
Re*.u.S.Pat.Of« 
PRATTS 50- YEAR OF SERVICE M ■ I I 
When you zvrite advertisers mention The R. A r .- Y. and you’ll get a 
quick reply and a “square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
Farm Mechanics 
Conducted by Robert H. Smith, of the Canton Agricultural School 
Canton, New York 
Lawn Fountain 
How can I best use the water through 
a 1-inch pipe with 10 feet head for a 
fountain on lawn? I wish a spray, but 
think there would not be sufficient pres¬ 
sure. b. 
Falconer, N. Y. 
The quantity of water flowing through 
a pipe by the action of gravity depends 
to a large extent upon the length as well 
as the size and head, and as the length is 
not stated, it leaves one more or less in 
the dark in regard to the amount of 
water that may be expected. If the pipe 
is already in a little experimenting might 
be done by colliding on a hose and ad¬ 
justing the discharge until the best result 
was obtained, and then making the foun¬ 
tain to conform to this. It scarcely seems 
possible, however, that an effective spray 
could be secured with so small a head 
even if the water was carried hut a short 
distance, and the greater the distance the 
less the chance of maintaining sufficient 
pressure. 
To my mind, the more simple a foun¬ 
tain can be kept the more effective it is, 
a simple rock-rimmed pool with a single 
jet rising from the center and falling 
back into the pool making a very desirable 
fountain. It is probable that you could 
arrange for a fountain of this type, and if 
Barrels 
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Sink 
7 
£ 
£ 
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I Voter Supply Without Pressure 
ferns or other moisture-loving plants are 
set about the edge I am sure you will be 
pleased with the result. The‘size of the 
jet can be adjusted to conform to your 
water supply, while 'a drainage pipe set 
in the rock basin of the fountain will keep 
the water at a constant level. If the 
size of your grounds will permit it the 
basin of the fountain may he irregular in 
shape, making in effect a small pond, a 
very pretty arrangement. K. h. s. 
Water Supply Without Pressure 
In the reply to W. .T. I’., Plioenixville, 
Pa., page S51. lie should be cautioned that 
if he leaves the stop valve which is just 
under the barrel, closed when he builds 
a fire, lie lias as effective a bomb shell, 
and will destroy his property and life as 
effectively as any shell used in the war. 
He would he safer without that valve. 
If expense is an item with him. lie can 
save money by omitting the three-way 
cock and just placing a plain faucet over 
the sink, and nothing else. When the 
faucet is open, water runs out of it. 
When the faucet is closed, water goes to 
the tank without any three-way cock at 
all. 
It might he further said that if he de¬ 
sires more water in storage, and will 
place a row of barrels connected at the 
side near the bottom, he can have stored 
several barrels of water. The additional 
barrels need only the one connection, as 
water runs to its level. If he does not 
want or cannot have the barrels in his 
house over the range, he will do as good 
work with another boiler placed in the 
cellar and pump into that from the bot¬ 
tom. That compresses air over the water 
in the tank, and the compressed air forces 
the water wherever desired. Barrels of 
water do not look good in bedrooms. 
JOHN GORMLEY. 
Renewing Worn Files 
Will you give formula for renewing old 
files? Specify amount of acid (kind) 
and water, also how to avoid accident in 
mixing if sulphuric acid is used. 
Shelbyville, Ind. s. T. M. 
There is no treatment by which an old 
worn file may be made new. A file is a 
cutting tool, that does its work in much 
tiie same way that a plane does. When 
those little knives become dull or chipped 
off. the file is worn and slips over the 
work without cutting. A new file may be 
made to last much longer by remembering 
that it is a cutting tool and treating it 
as such. It should be kept wrapped in 
paper or otherwise protected, so that it 
will not come in contact with its neigh¬ 
bors or other metal, and thus become 
dulled. It should also be kept clean. If 
the little grooves are permitted to fill 
with dust and dirt, it cannot be made to 
cut satisfactorily. 
When using a file lift it from the work 
on the back stroke, or at least apply no 
pressure. The file will cut only on the 
forward stroke, and pressure on the re- 
turn stroke dulls the teeth and breaks 
them off. It should also be used for the 
entire length, and not in the middle por¬ 
tion only, as is sometimes the case. The 
following is sometimes used to make an 
old file sharper for a short time, but it 
is not a very successful treatment: 
Immerse the file to bo treated in a bath 
of hydrochloric acid. This is commonly 
called muriatic acid, and the commer- 
cial acid that may be obtained at the 
hardware store is just as good for the 
purpose and much cheaper than the re¬ 
fined article sold by the drug stores. This 
may be reduced for use, the greater the 
reduction with water the longer time re¬ 
quired to treat the files. A dish of glass 
or porcelain should be used ; a fruit jar 
is satisfactory for small files. Let the 
files remain in this bath until the surface 
has been eaten down sufficiently to make 
them sharp on the edge, then wash thor¬ 
oughly in water to stop the action. Pre¬ 
vious to putting the files in the solution 
they may be cleaned of oil or grease by 
washing them thoroughly with a solution 
of sal soda. _ Before going to the acid 
bath from this they should be washed in 
water. 
To mix acid with water, pour the acid 
slowly, into the water, stirring slowly as 
the acid is added. r. h. s. 
Improving Well 
I never noted any article in The R. 
A.A. on how to locate underground 
springs. I bought a farm last year, and 
neighbors told me there used " to be a 
spring in hack of barn, but searched and 
cleaned and dug holes, with no success. 
I have a well, but people tell me it dries 
up in Summer. The well is 10 feet deep; 
I put a pump on it and draw only 12 
feet. So far there is water but not much. 
Is there any way to locate water? What 
is the best way to clean a well, and what 
is the best thing to put in a well to 
purify the water? j. d. 
Hawleyville, Conn. 
The question of whether or not the 
presence of water can be detected by a 
Person on the surface of the ground is 
much disputed, and I do not care to 
take sides with either faction. As you 
know, there are many men who claim 
that they can detect the presence of 
underground water by the use of a forked 
twig, and I have seen these men work, the 
twig turning in their hands as the sup¬ 
posed location of the water was reached. 
Although I have seen this done by pe< 
apparently sincere I have never been able 
to accomplish any result myself, the 
forked twig remaining motionless in my 
hands regardless of where carried. 
Many former springs have been “lost” 
due to changes in the surroundings from 
cutting off forests, digging wells, drain¬ 
age, etc., and these cannot except in few 
cases be recovered. Underground water, 
except isolated cases, does not flow in 
streams, hut rather as a broad sheet 
seeping through the surface toward the 
streams and sea. The surface of this 
sheet usually conforms more or less close¬ 
ly to the ground surface, and in this way 
an experienced digger can usually tell 
something about the likelihood of obtain¬ 
ing water. 
As to the well, the supply might he 
increased by driving a point down in the 
bottom if the bottom happens to be of 
material that will permit this, or it may 
be deepened by drilling and a supply of 
good water obtained. To cleanse the well 
the sides should be scrubbed down with 
a broom and plenty of water, the dirty 
water in the well then pumped out and 
the sediment in the bottom removed with 
a shovel. Lime is sometimes put into a 
well with the idea of purifying if. and no 
doubt helps to throw down matter that 
is held in suspension, but the best method 
is to remove the dirty matter as above, 
and then by drainage and a tight curb 
somewhat elevated above the surrounding 
ground keep drainage water and filth out 
of the well. r. h. s. 
Strength of Clay Water Pipe 
Regarding vitrified clay pipe and its 
resistance to internal pressure, hydro¬ 
static tests show an average water pres¬ 
sure of 204 lbs. per square men and an 
average ultimate tensile strength of 650 
lbs. per square inch; the minimum pren- 
sure 78 lbs. per square inch or, 183 ft. 
head of water. These results were from 
tests of pipe of German manufacture. The 
table of this test, as well as much other 
information on the subject, is to be found 
in Metcalf & Eddy’s “American Sewerage 
Practice.” I do not know of a case where 
this kind of pipe has been used with en¬ 
tire satisfaction as a conductor of water 
under pressure, and in consideration of 
the fact that the cost of installation is 
about the same in either case, I would 
advise the use of the iron pipe. 
Brooklyn, N. Y. e. h. b. 
