I 164 
The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
Fistula 
m and - 
Any person, however inexperienced, 
can readily treat either disease with 
Fleming’s Fistoform 
For Fistula and Poll Evil 
Price 92.60 (war tax paid) 
—even bad old cases that skilled doc¬ 
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All particulars ^iven in 
Fleming's Vest-Pocket 
Veterinary Adviser 
Rest veterinary book for farmere Contains 192 
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FLEMING BROS., 16 F. S. Yards 
Chicago, Illinois 
"25 Year* at the Stock Yard *’ 
Live Stock Matters 
Conducted By Prof. F. C. Minkler 
SILO FOR $135.00 
I am selling out at cost my stock of 180 
genuine Clear Oregon Fir silos. Prices 
lower than in 1917. Silos are of well- 
known make and absolutely first-class in 
everyway. Write me size you desire and 
I will give you rock-bottom price. I 
must sell this stock. 
M. L SMITH 
113 Flood Building 
Meadville, Pennsylvania 
A Promising Crossbred Heifer 
A heifer two years old last March 
freshened the last of May. She has been 
milking about 11 qts. of milk, and is 
keeping at it daily. I consider she is do¬ 
ing very well for me, and would like to 
hear what some others think. I raised 
her mother, hut was very unfortunate in 
losing her with her second calf, which is 
the heifer I now have. This heifer is 
bred from a Guernsey heifer and an Ayr¬ 
shire bull; both very young, and conse¬ 
quently this heifer is small. H, c. 
Germantown, Pa. 
A crossbred Ayrshire-Guernsey heifer 
that yields an average of 11 qts. of milk 
per day through the bulk of her lactation 
period would be .a good asset to any dairy 
herd. While this yield is not exceptional, it 
is far beyond the average, and you have 
every reason to believe that this animal 
will serve as an excellent family cow. 
Usually crossbred animals do one of two 
things: they either inherit the desirable 
qualities of both sire and dam, or evi¬ 
dence the undesirable traits of the most 
prepotent parent. As a general rule such 
a mating is not to be recommended. The 
issue from the first crossbred may be sat¬ 
isfactory, hut when this individual is 
mated one is absolutely in the dark as 
to what her product in the way of off¬ 
spring will he. 
It has been our experience that heifer 
tion issued a little circular entitled 
“Feed. Care and Management of Work 
Horses.” which you could obtain by ad¬ 
dressing the Director of the Experiment 
Station at New Brunswick, N. J. I am 
glad to know that you found the article 
on the care of work horses which ap¬ 
peared in Bulletin 76 of the New York 
Department of Agriculture interesting 
and instructive. I am not advised that 
the New York department has issued a re¬ 
vised edition of Bulletin 70. 
There is no doubt that you are far¬ 
sighted if you continue producing horses 
and mules. We are beginning to realize 
the fadt that there is a marked shortage 
of horses, and even in sections of Illinois 
and Iowa, where horse breeding has 
gained a permanent foothold, and in the 
past has proven a most profitable indus¬ 
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eolts until the present conditions are 
alarming. A few years ago it was sug¬ 
gested that mo'tor power was to replace 
horse power on the farm as well as in 
the city. As a result of this agitation 
many farmers bought trucks and tractors 
with very little regard to conditions that 
actually did prevail on their own farms. 
In many instances it developed that they 
had to keep quite as many horses on the 
farm, even though they indulged in the 
luxury of the truck or tractor, for they 
found so many jobs they were compelled 
to do on the farm that could not be done 
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THE 
RURAL NEW-YORKER 
333 W. 30th St., N. Y. 
Cultivating the Small Flock 
calves that have been well fed and cared 
for during their early growing and devel¬ 
opment period, and where they have been 
placed in high condition as a result of 
intelligent feeding, are very apt to evi¬ 
dence their milk-making tendency during 
I heir (irst lactation period. For this rea¬ 
son I have always been partial to the sys¬ 
tem of maintaining the heifers in vigorous 
condition during their growing and de¬ 
veloping period and, after they are large 
enough or olcl'enough to mate and one finds 
that they arc safely settled, it is excellent 
judgment to feed ‘them heavily in order 
that they may put on an abundance of 
flesh and freshen in high condition. You 
are reminded, however, that the value of 
a dairy cow cannot he determined by not¬ 
ing the amount of milk that she produces 
per day during the first stage of her lac¬ 
tation period. Rather, it is determined 
by noting whether she maintains this pro¬ 
duction throughout her lactation period 
regularly and repeats the program during 
the successive lactation periods. Unfor¬ 
tunately, values of dairy cows have been 
based, in several instances, on what she 
might produce in seven days or 30 days. 
If your heifer continues the present 
flow of milk to such an extent that she 
will yield 7,500 lbs. of milk during her 
first lactation period, the chances are that 
she will produce 10,000 lbs. during the 
second period, and continue increasing un¬ 
til during her fourth or fifth lactation 
period she ought to yield 11,000 or 15,000 
lbs. of milk in a year. Owing to the 
fact that this heifer is small it would he 
to your advantage to let her have a rea¬ 
sonably long rest period, say 10 or 12 
weeks, this year, and during this period 
you should feed her generously in order 
that she may continue her growth and put 
on surplus flesh to give her a good start 
during her next lactation period. If you 
keep this heifer for freshening purposes 
and care to raise her heifer calves, T 
should suggest that she be crossed with 
the particular breed of dairy cattle which 
she most clearly resembles. 
with tractors. There is now a concerted 
movement on the part of horse breeding 
interests to re-engage the farmer in horse 
breeding activities, and I am firm in my 
belief that the farmer who sticks to the 
horse breeding busi ;ess and produces tiie 
right type of utility animal will find a 
ready market for his surplus stock at 
prices that will yield a substantial profit. 
If you have conditions that enable you 
to produce horses or mules advantageous¬ 
ly, by all means make the most of them, 
for any intelligent man who stops to con¬ 
sider present-day problems must admit 
that the horse will play a most important 
part in trucking and fanning operations. 
Prospects in Horses and Mules 
I have road with much interest in Bul¬ 
letin 7(5. “The Horse Industry in New 
York State, ” published by the Depart¬ 
ment of Agriculture of fhe State of New 
York, your article on the feed and care 
of horses. Is there any similar publica¬ 
tion l»y the Department of Agriculture of 
the State of New Jersey, and has New 
York published a revised edition since 
this Bulletin 7(5? T am much interested 
in horses and mules. K. t. 
High Bridge, N. ,T. 
Several years ago the New Jersey Sta* 
Molasses for Cows 
I would like to know about feeding mo¬ 
lasses to cows in Winter after they go off 
pasture. We have no s : l<». and we are 
told that in feeding molasses cows milk 
same as on good pasture. Does molasses 
make milk taste, bitter? Would you feed 
molasses to dry cows and young stock, 
and also if one starts feeding molasses 
does it have to be fed until they go on 
pasture the next Spring? Which is the 
hotter way to feed molasses, on grain or 
hay? w. p. s. 
Quakertowu. Ra. 
Black strap or beet molasses cannot be 
considered a satisfactory substitute for 
silage. While it is a carbohydrate car¬ 
rier it is not generally recognized as a 
source of succulence, and whether or not 
it can be profitably used in a ration for 
dairy cows depends entirely upon its cost 
per unit of digestible carbohydrate. That 
it is very palatable is generally admit¬ 
ted; nevertheless, with corn and other 
carbohydrate feeds at their present value, 
the sweet feed industry has experienced 
a marked decrease in consumption. 
While feeding molasses has been exten¬ 
sively used in the manufacture of feeds 
for work horses and beef steers, its use iu 
rations intended for dairy cows is loss ex¬ 
tensile now than prevailed during the 
period of the war, when molasses was 
cheap and corn was high iu price. Un¬ 
fortunately a few short-sighted manufac¬ 
turers of compounded feeds have used di¬ 
luted molasses to increase the palatability 
of such low-grade materials as screenings, 
weed seeds, flax plant by-product, and 
the no-grade Alfalfa meal, to such an 
extent that the users have been unable to 
parallel results that they have experi¬ 
enced when the undiluted molasses was 
used on the higher grade products. 
While it is true that molasses increases 
the palatability of many feeds, when feed¬ 
ing dairy cows it must be remembered 
September 24, 1021 
that molasses is a carbohydrate carrier, 
and that at the prevailing cost of basic 
products, corn or hominy meal, is clearly 
the cheapest source of heat and energy 
producing feeds. If molasses feeds taint 
the milk it is because the molasses has 
been used in combination with black 
weed seeds and screenings that have a bit¬ 
ter taste and give an unpleasant flavor to 
the milk. Molasses itself would not be 
responsible for this condition. I should 
prefer corn or hominy meal properly sup¬ 
plemented with such protein carriers as 
gluten meal or oilmeal for dry cows, rath¬ 
er than molasses, especially at the present 
prices of the various materials. 
As to whether molasses should he fed 
on the grain or on the roughage depends 
upon which particular product is the 
least palatable. As stated before, mo¬ 
lasses increases the palatability of ac¬ 
companying feeds, and if it is your desire 
to increase the consumption of roughage 
then the molasses might be diluted and 
sprinkled over the hay or corn fodder. On 
the other baud, if you desire to increase 
the energy value of the grain ration and 
add carbohydrates to a combination that 
lacked palatability, then the molasses 
might be fed.on the grain mixture. When 
molasses was cheap and corn and similar 
products were high iu cost there is no 
doubt that molasses was extensively and 
profitably used. It is appetizing, ener¬ 
gizing and attractive to the animal; but 
the differential between the cost of mo¬ 
lasses and the cost of its accompanying 
products should be the guiding factor in 
determining whether or not it could be 
profitably used in a grain mixture intend¬ 
ed for dairy cows. While it is true that a 
i a tion for dairy cows should be relatively 
constant, a molasses ration can be 
changed the same as any other ration. 
Because the animals are started on this 
feed is no reason why it must be contin¬ 
ued to be fed in the same way, if it devel¬ 
ops that some other combination of pro¬ 
ducts is more satisfactory or more eco¬ 
nomical. 
Peanut Chaff in Dairy Rationn 
"W hal is the protein content of peanut 
chaff, also peanut, hearts? Give a good 
ration for Holstein with silage and clover 
hay mixed with Timothy, using both of 
the above with barley and oats ground. 
I can got the chaff at $10 per ton, hearts 
at $20. I have been feeding the chaff 
for some time; it is very good to keep the 
cows in flesh and milk. G. F c. 
Fort Plain, N. Y. 
There is nothing to be gained by buying 
peanut products that contain peanut hulls 
or peanut chaff. I presume that the 
products you have mentioned are avail¬ 
able from a local plant that is manufact¬ 
uring peanut paste or peanut butter. As 
to exactly what you mean by peanut 
hearts. I do not know, especially as tbev 
are offered at the low price of $20 per 
ton. The high grades of peanut meal 
yield from 30 to 44 percent protein, 
and at the present prices are clearly the 
most economical source of protein. Peanut 
meal from hulled nuts frequently carries 
as much as 44 percent of protein, while 
that obtained from peanut waste or peanut 
cake with the hulls included runs as low 
as 20 percent protein. Peanut hulls 
f hem selves carry very little protein and 
of course have no feeding value. It might 
be well for you to send a sample of the 
peanut hearts to the Experiment Station 
at Geneva and obtain the protein analy¬ 
sis. I am sure that T would not buy the 
chaff even at $10 per ton, especially' if it 
is made up merely of the ground coating 
of the peanut kernel or husk, even though 
jt might contain any of the peanut hull 
itself. A fibre determination on these 
products would identify them as to qual¬ 
ity and feeding value. On the other hand, 
if the product you know locally as peanut 
hearts carries above 20 per cent of pro¬ 
tein it could be used in the following 
mixture advantageously: Corn or hom¬ 
iny meal, 500 lbs.; ground oats and bar¬ 
ley, 300 lbs.; peanut meal, 300 lbs.; pea¬ 
nut chaff, 300 His.; gluten feed. 200 lbs.; 
cottonseed meal 100 lbs. 
I should add approximately one per 
cent of salt to this combination and feed 
it in conjunction with clover hay, corn 
and silage. If you have an abundance 
of the barley and oats ground together 
you could substitute them for some of the 
eornmeni or hominy meal suggested. 
Bloody Milk 
One of my cows (just fresh) has very 
little milk, and from one teat the milk 
becomes bloody. h. f. 
As the bloody milk comes from but one 
quarter, growths in the milk duct are the 
most probable cause. They may usually 
be felt by rolling the teat between the 
fingers and thumb. If present and close 
to the opening of the tent they may be 
removed by scraping downward upon 
them with a special cone-shaped cutting 
or scraping instrument. If located high 
it is best, as a rule, to let h calf nurse or 
dry off the milk secretion in the affected 
quarter. It is possible for a trained sur¬ 
geon to remove the growths by cutting 
through the wall of the teat when the cow 
is dry. but this is a formidable operation 
only worth attempting on a very valuable 
heavy milking cow. When growths are 
not the cause chronic mainmitis (garget) 
is usually present, and is incurable. Milk 
secretion, in that condition, should be dried 
off iu the affected quarter, A. s. a. 
