1192 
Ihe RURAL MEW-YORKER 
October 1, 1921 
We 
Go-operate with your 
dairy cow 
Your cow has a certain capacity to produce 
milk and calves. For best results in this dual ca¬ 
pacity she requires your co-operation in careful 
feeding, according to exact standards which nature 
has fixed. Furnish her requirements of roughage 
and grain feeds in proper balance and she will 
utilize them to increase your profits. 
To effect this proper balance and enable the 
feeder to get the most out of home grown rough- 
age is the aim of 
-O-GA 
FEED SERVICE 
it is accomplished by classifying all kinds of 
roughage according to nutritive content and pre¬ 
paring a grain feed to form a balanced ration with 
each group. This makes the digestible nutrients 
available. 
Red Brand TI-0*GA Dairy Feed 
to be fed with low protein succulent roughage: Silage, 
Pasturage, Green Fodder, etc. 
White Brand TI-O-GA Dairy Feed 
to be fed with medium protein dry roughage: Timothy 
Hay, Mixed Hay, Corn Fodder, etc. 
Blue Brand TI-O-GA Dairy Feed 
to be fed with high protein dry roughage: Clover Hay, 
Alfalfa, etc. 
In each case the cow gets the same amount of nutrition 
in the same nutritive ratio and you get more money from 
your roughage. 
If your dealer does not have the kind of TI-O-GA Dairy 
Feed to balance your roughage, advise us and we will ar¬ 
range with some nearby dealer to supply you. 
Send for the T/-0- GA Feed Service booklet which tells 
you how to change from one kind of roughage to another 
without unbalancing the ration or decreasing the milk yield. 
Tioga Mill & Elevator Co. 
Waverly, N. Y. 
. -WHITE 
»«A!N!£> 
Use the TI-O-GA Dairy Feed 
which forms a balanced ration 
with your town roughage. 
M 
-^P,7T\ i . ! '- * V 
faafctji-T!- six Vi ay 
The same careful service is 
furnished through: 
Tl-O-GA Brood Sow and Pig 
Feed. 
TI-O-GA Growing Shout Feed. 
Tl-O-GA Fattening Hog Feed. 
Tl-O-GA Chick Feed. 
Tl-O-GA Growing Ma.h. 
TI-O-GA Growing Grains. 
TI-O-GA Laying Food. 
Tl-O-GA Poultry Grains. 
TI-O-GA Calf Food. 
TI-O-GA Horse Feed. 
Colonel's Ration (Full Feed foe 
Horses) , 
A Primer of Economics 
By John J. Dillon 
Part XL1V 
PROPERTY IV LAND 
Tlie right of every person to the utili¬ 
ties produced by h is own strength and 
skill is universally conceded :is a natural 
personal prerogative. Man, however, did 
not create land, and clearly the principle 
applied to artificial property does not 
apply to it. As a matter of fact, the 
right to hold land as private property 
under any circumstances is disputed by 
many economists, and the right of abso¬ 
lute ownership is conceded by few, if 
indeed, by any of them. At best the title 
of landlord or owner insures him only the 
rents or profits to be derived from the 
laiid. the use of it as a receptacle for 
the improvements be makes on it, and 
the privilege to transfer bis rights in it 
to others. Society, however, reserves to 
itself the right to take it. from him at 
any time for public use, and may justly 
and rightly impose other obligations ou 
the owner that would restrict his privi¬ 
lege to do with it as he pleases irrespec¬ 
tive of the public good. Land is a fro- 
gift of nature. AVith it goes natural 
agencies—air. rainfall, water, gravitation. 
This, however, does not imply that any 
person would be justified in holding large 
acreages of productive land out of culti¬ 
vation in country sections; or unimprbved 
in towns and cities. Title to land can 
be justified only on the theory that it is 
occupied in a way to serve the public 
good. If not utilized in a way to serve 
the social welfare there is no sound civic 
reason why it should be appropriated at 
all, and in no case should a large land¬ 
holding. however acquired, be regarded as 
an individual right independent of the 
public good. 
Later on it will be seen that these con¬ 
clusions are in part disputed by the single 
tax advocates as well as by Socialists. 
It is not our purpose to advocate or pro¬ 
mote any particular theory. Our . main 
purpose is to interest farmers in the 
study of economics. To this end we are 
trying to make as plain as possible what 
has already been developed in the science 
and to give especial attention to those 
features which especially concern the 
farm. 
cohesion, adhesion, electric energy, weight 
of the atmosphere, power of steam, sun¬ 
light. solar heat and many other natural 
gifts of priceless value, but little prized 
because they are so abundant and avail¬ 
able that we use and enjoy them without 
a consciousness of their benefits to us. 
Unlike land, these gifts are limitless and 
without value, for the simple reason that 
we can have them without giving any¬ 
thing that costs labor to produce in ex¬ 
change for them. Land is limited in 
quantity and varies in productivity and 
attractiveness. The other natural and 
limitless gifts can be enjoyed only through 
coutact with the earth. No one therefore 
could live without land. Standing room 
would be the least of one’s essential re¬ 
quirements. The right to live is one of 
th • inalienable rights of humanity. It is 
not conceivable that Providence intended 
that any person should be born into the 
world without the right to live in it. and 
this right implies the privilege to occupy 
some portion of land. Therefore no one 
person and no select number of persons 
can have the moral right to appropriate 
all the land to themselves and to exclude 
others from it. 
If products of the land spring sponta¬ 
neously from the ground with-uir industry 
or labor we could not justify the posses¬ 
sion of these gifts of nature by a few to 
the exclusion of others. If. indeed, we 
had some way of estimating what por¬ 
tions of the products of land spring from 
nature and what portion resulted from 
labor and industry, it would not be neces¬ 
sary to grant titles to laud, and if would 
be au act of injustice to do so. Tim 
natural products of the land, however, are 
not sufficient for our needs, and wp are 
not able to separate the contributions of 
nature from those of industry. To make 
it productive land must be cleared of 
timber. Its surface must be broken and 
tilled. Often it must b,* cleared of stones. 
Sometimes it needs draining. Other 
lands require irrigation. In many cases 
the soil must be made by culture and fer¬ 
tility. It must ’■"» fenced for protection, 
and a supply of water secured. Houses 
and other buildings are essential to a 
cultivation of it. In lines of culture, 
such as tbe growing of some kinds of 
fruit, planting of trees and long years of 
culture and care are necessary. If tbe 
tenure of land were uncertain no one would 
feel inclined to labor to make these im¬ 
provements. It takes long years to de¬ 
velop them and complete them. No one 
would care to labor to provide and per¬ 
fect such improvements if they were 
liable to be taken from him after his 
labor began to bear fruit. The public 
good requires lhat the occupant of the 
laud make thes expenditures of labor 
and capital that the products of the land 
may be abundant, and since the outlays 
will not be made unless the investor is 
protected in the enjoyment of them, pri¬ 
vate property of perpetual tenure in laud 
is justified, because it encourages the 
large production which is a benefit to all. 
Artificial Molting 
Is there any way to molt poultry? 
Some of my friends told me not to give 
them anything to eat for two or three 
days, then after that give them all they 
wanted to eat. I have 12 White Leg¬ 
horns ; they are about two years old. and 
I would like to have them lay this Win¬ 
ter. just as they have this Summer. If 
there is any -way of molting them to get 
them into Winter trim I would like you 
to let me know. w. A. 
'<>ur suggestion to make these hens 
molt now, and then lay through the Win¬ 
ter as they did through the Summer, 
opens up a wide field of thought. We 
have assumed that a hen could not lay 
throughout the ’year without a period of 
rest, though why. I do not know. Of 
course T could talk about exhausted vi¬ 
tality and the necessity for recuperation, 
aud all that, but I couldn’t explain why 
it is any more exhausting for an ovary 
to ripen its innumerable ovules or for 
shell and albumen producing glands to 
work continuously than it is for tile liver 
and other organs of the body to commence 
their activities at birth aud cease them 
only with death. So far as I know, the 
only reason that they don’t is that they 
have never gotten into the habit. Their 
period of activity has been immensely 
lengthened through the efforts of man, but 
it lias not yet been made continuous. The 
one function that nature gave the egg- 
making organs was that of reproduction, 
and reproduction, in tbe wild state, was 
apparently limited to one season of the 
year. In tbe tropical climate in which 
our domestic fowls originated, food was 
probably plentiful throughout the year 
and I am not naturalist enough to know- 
why any particular season was chosen for 
reproduction. Tn the cold Northern cli¬ 
mate to which we have brought these 
fowls, however, the severity of the Win¬ 
ter season is in itself a sufficient reason 
for any bird to endeavor to get its young 
raised to maturity before snow flies. With 
protection from the weather, an unlimit¬ 
ed supply of food and. in late years, an 
artificially prolonged day, we have re¬ 
lieved the hen’s mind from any thought of 
a day of cold and want approaching, and 
her reaction to this human protection has 
been a very decided prolongation of ac¬ 
tivity of the reproductive function. liens 
now lay more eggs in the snow than their 
ancestors did in the warm jungle grass. 
Nevertheless, we haven’t yet made hens 
lay the year ’round. They stop for a 
more or less prolonged period of molt and 
refuse to produce eggs and feathers at the 
same time. Here, again, I do not know 
why. The food supply is sufficient for 
both, and the organs that produce eggs 
are not responsible for feathers. Neither 
do I know why -a full set of perfectly 
good feathe’-s is discarded almost at once 
and a new one produced within a few 
weeks. It looks like inexcusable waste 
and failure upon the part of Mother Na¬ 
ture to set a laudable example of saving 
and thrift. We haven’t bred this practice 
out of tbe race of domestic fowls yet, 
however, and it hasn’t been found satis¬ 
factory to interfere with it. If you starve 
a hen for a time and then give a full 
supply of food, you will very likely pro¬ 
duce an artificial molt. Any severe shock 
to a hen’s nervous aud physical system is 
likely to do that. But, at. the same time, 
you disarrange the habits of untold gen¬ 
erations, aud tbe ben is not likely to re¬ 
ward you by the egg production that you 
hope for. She will more likely lay fewer 
eggs than she would have laid had you 
not disturbed her. The way to get a hen 
in shape for Winter production is to let 
her molt naturally and feed and care for 
her as you should when she is laying. 
This will shorten her period of rest and 
put her in the best possible shape for fu¬ 
ture activity. M. b. d. 
