'206 
Th* RURAL NEW-YORKER 
October S, 1921 
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RE you really ambitious? Are you 
- anxious, impatient, eager to get into 
big pay work—to be happy, prosperous, 
SUCCESSFUL. 
Here is your opportunity. I have three big Auto 
and Tractor Schools—Chicago, Kansas City and Cincinnati. 
I built them in order to help men be SUCCESSES. From 
them thousands of men have graduated and stepped into 
positions paying $160 to $400 monthly, and up. If you 
have ambition, YOU CAN DO THE SAME. 
Get Into A Big Pay Business 
YOU can earn a part of the THREE BILLION DOL¬ 
LARS being 6pent yearly for Auto and Tractor upkeep. 
Come to a RAHE SCHOOL — the closest one — learn 
Motor Mechanics thoroughly under the Practical Job 
Method. Be a Garage Owner. Become independent. 
Some businesses pay big money—others don't. High sal¬ 
aries are paid in the motor service business. If your 
work doeen t pay well, GET OUT. Change to a business 
where there’s lots of money—NOW and all the time. 
Don’t stay chained down for life when opportunities by 
the thousands are waiting for trained men. 
WANTED—More Trained Men 
Thousands of untrained men have no jobs. They don’t 
know any one thing well—they have mastered no trade. 
But every trained man has a good job—because trained 
men arc in demand. Yes, thorough training pays —that 
is why the RAHE Practical Job Method has helped 
thousands of ambitious men to Make More Money, 
Are You Really Ambitious? 
Bo you fee] you can't hardly wait fora big pay position? 
" rites today for my 68-page book, describing opportunities 
cr.c tmir iny. Don’t delay—to delay may mean you'll never 
tuccttd. ACT. Write MOW. 
HENRY J. RAHE. Dept.2241 
RAHE TRACTOR SCHOOL 
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LEARN 
HERE IN 
.6 to & 
VWEEKS/ 
CHICAGO KANSAS CITY 
Ontario & Michigan Blvd. 22nd & Oak Sts. 
CINCINNATI—9U» & Walnul St*. 
EARNX 
a $ 150 to' 
T$400a. 
AMONTH/ 
hin to us 
Guarantee 
Wc guarant*?© you will he 
natinfied with our check, 
or we will ship back your 
fura. 
Every trapper knows that the place to I 
get highest prices is where they have *- 
experts assorting and grading. The fact that I grad* every skin 
personally assures you of getting every cent your catch is 
worth. Don’t take my word for it, but ship a small lot at first and 
be convinced. You tak- no risk, for my iron clad guarantee 
protects you. 
pprp My new price list contains up-to-the-minute quotations. Send for 
rIVLL a cop* now, before you forset. A postal card will do. 
155 w25 T "St 
NEW YORK CITY 
T HOUSANDS of new books are printed each year. 
Some are good and others worthless. Some books 
seem to be written for the sole purpose of helping 
the reader pass a few idle hours, while others are so dull 
and dry it is an effort to read them. 
“HOPE FARM NOTES” 
is 
an unusual book 
It contains more than 25 stories of farm life which will 
hold your interest from start to finish. The author knows 
both the dark and bright sides of farm life, and thousands 
of country people have found pleasure, inspiration anti 
encouragement from these stories.. 
Every member of your family will enjoy this book and 
it ought to be in every farm home. The price is only 
$1.50, postpaid. 
RURAL NEW-YORKER. 333 West 30th St.. New York 
G< !.• .< i:.< n—Enclosed find remittance of $1.50 for which send me 
postpaid a copy of “Hope Farm Notes." 
Name.. 
Town... 
State.R. F. D. or Street No. 
Farm Mechanics 
Conducted by Robert H. Smith, of the Canton Agricultural School 
Canton, New York 
Construction of Icehouse 
I wish to build an icehouse on my farm 
to carry ice for cooling milk. Is there 
any advantage in digging straight into a 
hank, as against building the icehouse in 
the. open? Some say the most important 
part of an icehouse is an airtight floor, 
ventilation only at top. Some say double 
wall with sawdust insulation. r. R. c. 
Hillsdale, X. Y. 
To handle the perishable products of 
the farm and to provide cold drinks, des¬ 
serts and other delicacies, ice is a neces¬ 
sity. If a pond, river or other source of 
supply is available, its harvesting and 
storage present no great difficulties, and 
it must he remembered when considering 
possible sources of supply that when a 
foot in thickness a ton of ice can be cut 
from a space about 5 by 7 ft. in size. 
The chief principle to bo observed in 
the.storage of ice is to exclude the heat. 
It: is the. entrance of outside heat into 
the ice pile that causes the melting, not 
the escape of cold from the ice pile out¬ 
ward, as so many think. To this end 
the icehouse should be built in such a lo¬ 
cation that it is sheltered from the direct 
rays of the sun by shade trees, and ample 
provision made for ventilation between 
the roof and the top of the ice pile. A 
gable roof makes a good construction for 
an icehouse, ventilation being provided 
by a large opening in cacii gable. 
To present the smallest possible outside 
wall surface to the action of beat, the ice¬ 
house should be built approximately in 
the form of a cube. 
The ice pile must be protected on top, 
bottom and sides by planer shavings, saw¬ 
dust or similar material. Sawdust is the 
principal material used in farm icehouses, 
as it is usually the most easily obtain¬ 
able. The planer shavings are. however, 
somewhat better as a heat insulator. A 
thickness of .at least a foot is required, 
and 1 1/2 ft. is better, the thickness de¬ 
pending upon the material used and its 
condition. Dry packing is much more 
effective than the same material when 
wet. This insulating material may be 
placed directly about the ice. the ice¬ 
house itself being simply a rude shed, or 
it may he placed in stuffed walls. The 
latter method is by far the more expen¬ 
sive. hut it makes a more convenient 
method of storing and handling the ice. 
As to capacity, it is customary to pro¬ 
vide storage room for about one-half ton 
per cow where the cream only is to be 
cooled, and from 1*4 to two tons per cow 
where the milk is cooled. A ton of ice 
j will require from 40 to 50 on. ft. for 
packing, and an ice pile 12x12x12 ft. will 
provide ice for a 20-cow dairy. 
Providing for the necessary space for 
> sawdust or other insulator, this would 
require an icehouse about 15x15 ft., with 
15-ft. posts to protect it. This size, of 
course, could he modified somewhat to 
take advantage of available lumber sizes, 
but at the same time the desirability of 
maintaining a compact structure should 
be retained in mind because of the les¬ 
sened melting. 
Pare must be taken to keep the building 
tight at- the bottom, as air entering here 
creates an ascending current that soon 
melts a. bole up through the ice. 
Little can be said in favor of a bank 
icehouse. The necessary insulation 
against the heat of the earth is practical¬ 
ly as great as that required against the 
out-of-door air, and in addition there is 
the cost of excavation and the general 
unhandiness of this type of structure. The 
tossible site had better be saved for a 
root cellar. Farmers' Bulletin Xo. 107S, 
“Harvesting and Storing Ice on the 
Farm.” explains the handling and storing 
of ice very clearly. It is obtainable from 
your Congressman at. Washington for the 
asking, and explains things much more 
fully than is possible in this space. 
R. IT. S. 
Spring and Reservoir 
A pool of water, in the center of which 
little cones of sand are thrown up and a 
stream of water triekling away down a 
ravine all through a dry season gives evi¬ 
dence of a living spring, around which 1 
•' ish to put a reservoir for water supply. 
T would like to have the advice of THE 
R. X.-Y. how to go about it. First, l.ow 
to deal with the water while putting in 
reservoir, and should it he of wood or 
cement? I would like to make this the 
only supply, doing away with other tanks, 
if I could by some device pump the water 
as it is needed by the application of 
power from an electric light system. 
Spring is on level ground, house low. 
about 50 ft. away, 10 ft. above level of 
spring. J. M. Tf. 
Sook, B. C. 
Your statement of the conditions, 
amount of water available, purpose for 
which water is t<> be used, etc., is not very 
definite, but I am assuming that the 
spring is a permanent one of average 
flow, that the water is good, and is to he 
used for household purposes. 
If the above conditions apply you will 
have no difficulty in installing a plant 
to be driven from your lighting system. 
Tin’s is probably of flic 32-volt direct-cur¬ 
rent type, and if such is the case any of 
the automatic water systems advertised 
in the reliable farm papers will give you 
good service. When writing for advertis¬ 
ing matter you should mention the source 
of electric current, the distance the water 
is to be pumped, the height to which it 
must, be raised and the purposes for 
which it is to be used. This information 
will enable them to recommend the par¬ 
ticular plant best suited to your needs, as 
practically every manufacturer makes 
several types to meet different conditions. 
The water system must be placed where 
it will not freeze, the basement of tho 
house usually making a satisfactory place. 
As to the spring, it should bo cleaned 
out and a curbing, preferably of concrete 
or similar material, placed about it. A 
24-in. sewer tile makes a very satisfac¬ 
tory curbing for a small spring. The 
water from an average spring can be 
dipped out while work is being done. The 
curb should extend somewhat above the. 
ground, and he provided with an overflow 
to carry the waste water out of the way. 
It should be provided with a tight tilting 
cover, and ail openings into the spring 
screened to prevent the entrance of in¬ 
sect*. etc. The overflow should be led to 
a tile drain, and the ground graded up 
about the spring, taking every precau¬ 
tion to prevent tho entrance of surface 
water or other contamination. 
The pipe line from the spring to the 
pump should he laid below frost and 
given enough slant to permit drainage 
when necessary. If carefully installed, 
such a water sysiein will give efficient 
service, and will be found to be a great 
convenience. 
Lead Water Pipe 
TTow would lead pipe do for a water 
line? Would there be any danger of 
lead poison from it? Wliat thickness of 
wall would you advise for %-m. line to 
bold 50 lbs. pressure? Is there danger of 
lead poison from it. w. S. 
Johnsonburg, Pa. 
Lead, in common with practically every 
other substance, is soluble in water. In 
t he ease of lead the degree of solubility 
is slight, but varies under different con¬ 
ditions. The softer and more nearly pure 
(lie water is. that is. in contact with the 
lead, the greater the degree of solubility. 
Water containing sulphates or carbonates 
of lime—hard water—has little effect on 
the inside of a lead pipe, as it soon forms 
a protective coating. 
Under ordinary conditions, and espe¬ 
cially where the water is permitted to 
flow constantly, as is frequently the case 
where a spring is piped, there is probably 
little danger from poisoning through the 
use of lead pipe. The danger, though 
remote, is present, however, and to over¬ 
come it tin-lined lead pipe is sometimes 
used, water having almost no effect, on 
the tin lining. 
Where lead pipe is used for carrying 
water, the heavier weights are usually 
used. Disregarding the possible danger 
of poisoning through its use, its high cost 
makes its use inadvisable. The finest 
kind of galvanized iron piping can he 
bought for a price away below that of 
lead, and then the iron pipe can he 
laid by anyone that can use a wrench, 
while the lead pipe will require some 
skill iu fitting, making the use of lead 
pipe much more expensive. 
Coming Farmers’ Meetings 
October 0-7—Xorthern Xut. Growers’ 
Association, twelfth annual convention, 
Lancaster, Pa. 
October 8-15—National Dairy Show. 
Minnesota State Fair Grounds, Hamline, 
Minn. 
October 10-14—Farmers’ Week. State 
Agricultural School. Morrisvillo. N. Y. 
November 1-5—Vegetable Growers’ As¬ 
sociation of America. Albany, N. Y. 
November 3-5—Horticultural festival, 
Ohio State University. Columbus, O. 
November 5-12—Pacific International 
Five Stock Exposition. Spokane. Wash. 
November 9-February 18, 1022—Short 
Course in Horticulture, Cornell Univer¬ 
sity. Ithaca. N. Y. 
November 20 - December 3 — Interna¬ 
tional Five S(m k Exposition, Chicago. 111. 
December 7-0 — American Pomologieal 
Society, thirty-eighth annual convention, 
Toledo. O. 
January 10-12. 1022 —Virginia State 
Horticultural Society, annual meeting, 
Murphy Hotel. Richmond, Ya. 
January 25-20. 1922 — Poultry Show, 
Madison Square Garden, New York. 
P.t.ake : “That man Sphagetallo is 
certainly a naturalistic singer.” Blair: 
“What do you mean by that?” Blake: 
“Why. last night he sang ‘Rolling Waves* 
with ’such realism that twenty people in 
the audience had to leave on account of 
seasickness.”—Detroit News. 
