Iht RURAL NEW.YORKER 
1299 
Horticultural Short Cuts 
Making Raisins 
I am interested in raisining a few grapes 
for family use. How should they be 
dried? Is sugar necessary? Would a 
small screen cage with glass top be suffi¬ 
cient if set in the sun? What kind of 
grapes are best? E. E. h. 
Sandy Creek, N. Y. 
The varieties of grapes grown in 
Eastern United States are poorly adapted 
for raisin making. The Vinifera or Old 
World species as grown in California are 
the raisin-making sorts. However, with 
artificial drying we have produced a small 
palatable raisin from the Butler variety. 
This grape is quite similar to Brighton 
and ought to make nearly as desirable a 
raisin. As climatic conditions in the 
East are far different from those of Cali¬ 
fornia, and especially so during the rai¬ 
sin-making period, it becomes necessary 
to use artificial heat. We have done this 
through the use 'of trays made of wire 
screening, they being placed over a stove 
where a steady but moderate heat is 
maintained. F. e. g. 
Wintering Canna Roots 
The large-flowering varieties of Can- 
nas are not easily wintered, and I have 
tried several methods before finding a way 
to keep them over with a minimum of 
loss. My way now is to cut off the tops 
after being frosted, dig the clumps and 
store on the floor of a damp cellar without 
drying or shaking off any of the soil. 
During Winter, if the clumps get dry, 
sprinkle them. The object is to keep 
them in a live, vigorous condition, ready 
to start growing when placed in a warm 
place. In this condition the roots are 
more resistant to rot. About March 1 di¬ 
vide the clumps, cut out all decayed parts 
and put the roots in soil or sand to de¬ 
velop new roots. Leave in cellar till safe 
to put in a cold frame, but get them 
large enough to set outdoors by May 15 
in latitude 40° north. They will start to 
bloom by July 1 and keep it up till freez¬ 
ing weather. w. E. duckavaix. 
Highland Co., O. 
Hickory Fails to Mature Nuts 
I have a hickory tree in my yard. I 
cannot say just how old the tree is, but 
it is perfectly sound and well formed, 
being straight as an arrow, and every 
year it is loaded with tiny nuts, which 
drop off as soon as they become the size 
of a large pea. For the past eight years 
we have not harvested more than a quart 
of nuts from the tree, and would like to 
know the cause. It seems perfectly 
healthy and always has an abundance of 
beautiful leaves. Three or four years ago 
we discovered two large worms on the 
tree. They were green, spotted with 
black, and about 2% or 3 inches long 
and as big around as a man’s little finger. 
Since then wo have kept watch for others, 
but have never found any more. F. P. 
South Olean, N. Y. 
I think there can be no doubt that the 
trouble is lack of complete pollination. 
There may be a deficiency of staminatc 
bloom on the tree, the pollen may be 
shed too early or too late for the pistillate 
bloom, or for some other reason the tree 
may be self-sterile, and there is lacking 
in the neighborhood any other hickory 
tree to furnish the pollen necessary at 
the right time. F. P. might try artificial 
pollination of the tree by hanging in the 
tree when the pistillate bloom is recep¬ 
tive a branch from another hickory tree 
that has an abundance of staminate 
bloom or catkins. The butt of this 
branch can be fastened into a jar of 
water to prolong its pollen shedding, or a 
graft or two from a good pollinizing 
hickory could be put into the tree. 
w. c. D. 
Budding Seedling Apple Trees 
How should budding apple trees be 
paid? If by the tree, how much per tree 
is a fair compensation? If by the week, 
how much a Aveek? I have never had 
work of this kind done, and do not know 
the customary remuneration. w. s. M. 
Lyme, Conn. 
A good 'budder receives $20 to $30 a 
week, according to length of. time In 
service. This is for a lO-hour day. with 
a short Saturday. Under ideal conditions 
about 2,000 seedlings can be budded in a 
10-hour day by a good budder, with some 
one following to A\ r ind buds. In hiring a 
man to bud trees he should be willing to 
work for these wages, but if he did all 
the Avork himself, that is, budding and 
tying, this reduces the number budded 
per day. It pays to have a winder after 
a good budder, as anyone can wind buds, 
AA'liile budding requires practice. 
T. H. T. 
Ripening Gladiolus Roots 
I would like to know hoAV to ripen 
Gladiolus bulbs for next year’s planting. 
Philadelphia. Pa. a. 8. 
Dig the bulbs and clip off the top. 
Spread in shalloAV crates to dry in an 
airy place Avhere rain will not reach 
them. Store in crates in a cellar with a 
temperature of 35 to 40 degrees in cold 
weather, A\diere there is no risk of frost. 
For the*Farm 
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TfJ 
-wr 30 
/DAY SALE 
k Prices Slashed 
were is the greatest money saving sale* 
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— Gates, Steel Posts, Roofing and Paint, 
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$ 10.000 00 
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Ns. S Box 3_Belleville, Pa. 
