The RURAL. NEW-YORKER 
1363 
Standardized Henhouses 
Construction of henhouses is of inter¬ 
est to me at this time. J am a foreman 
for a well-known shoe company in the 
mechanical department in building homes, 
and am now building henhouses, of which 
Space filled yy//h p/ass 
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Upper Front and Muslin Ventilator 
GO are completed and 25 more to be built. 
The picture gives the style adopted, a 
10x12 structure for 40 hens, three square 
feet for each hen, good ventilation and 
light, also sun. The sketch may help 
Section of Standardized Henhouse 
some readers. These henhouses are being 
built at the new village of 131 homes in 
one years’ labor. 
The materials are: 9—2x4—12 ft.; 23 
2x4—10 ft.; 160 ft. flooring; 195 ft. roof 
boards; 100 lineal ft. 1x4 pine; 200 lineal 
ft. V a x2 battens; sash to fill opening 22x 
108 in.; 2 squares roofing; 1 pair hinges; 
nails, 3 lbs. 20, 20 lbs. 8, 3 lbs. 6, 1 lb. 4. 
Newark Valley, N. Y. w. H. M. 
Grain for Little Chicks 
Two or three times M. B. I). has recom¬ 
mended feeding hard grain to baby chicks 
as a preventive of bowel trouble. 1 wish 
lie would give particulars of the method 
of feeding. What does it consist of? Is 
it fed for a few minutes several limes a 
day, the same as dry mash? When 1 can 
get it I mix 100 lbs. pin-head oafs, 200 
lbs. fine cracked corn and 200 lbs. cracked 
wheat for a hard grain feed, but very 
likely this would need to be changed when 
no dry mash is given with it. J. W. S. 
Brookfield, Mass. 
Your mixture of cracked grains for 
baby chicks is a good one. though it might 
perhaps be improved a little by increasing 
the proportion of cracked corn. A con¬ 
venient. and easily remembered formula is 
one of pinchoad oatmeal, two of cracked 
wheat and three of cracked corn. Corn is 
believed to be somewhat superior to wheat 
as a “growing feed,” and it also has the 
positive advantage of being cheaper. Bill¬ 
head oatmeal is pretty expensive for any 
but the baby chicks, but oats appear to 
have some virtue that the other grains 
lack. What It is no one knows, but cer- 
tainly young animals seem to show the 
effects of oats in their ration, much as 
horses do. Possibly there is another, and 
as yet undiscovered, vitaniine in oats. 
My recommendation of whole grain 
feeding for chicks under four weeks of age 
is based upon the belief, gained from ob¬ 
servation and practice, that the digestive 
organs of young chicks are less liable to 
functional disturbances if they have to 
assume the work of preparing hard grain 
than if given the easy job of taking care 
of already finely ground food. It may be 
more a matter of comparatively scanty 
feeding if hard grains are used, after all, 
but 1 am convinced that the ready filling 
of the digestive tract with easily eaten 
moist mashes, and, to a hess degrees, of 
dry mashes, is responsible for a large part 
of the “bowel trouble” from which young 
chicks suffer. When young chicks or 
poults run with mother hens and depend 
upon them for their rations, they usually 
thrive, though it is hard to see where they 
find enough to eat to keep them aiive. 
It is a little here, and a particle there, 
with a long run in between. Their di¬ 
gestive organs are never overfilled, and 
they take their foodstuffs just as nature 
prepared them; what grinding is done, is 
done in their own gizzards. To be. sure, 
chicks will not grow as rapidly if fed 
upon hard grain, but rapid growth at the 
expense of hardiness is not worth while. 
I have no absolutely fixed rules for feed¬ 
ing young chicks; a serious handicap 
when you attempt to tell somebody else 
how you do it. However, when the chicks 
are about 48 hours old and have had milk 
in some form to drink from the time that 
they left the incubator, I give them a little 
of the finely cracked grains and some oat 
flakes, these latter being easily seen and 
quickly picked up by chicks that have not 
yet learned what the other stuff is for. I 
scatter oat flakes over their backs, out the 
finer hard grains need to be fed in shallow 
trays until the chicks learn to distinguish 
them from similar appearing stuff that is 
not food. By and by I give them a little 
more. IIow often? Oh, every once in a 
while. Probably four or five times a day. 
As soon as the chicks have learned what 
the grain if for, it may be fed in light 
litter, to be scratched for, but if the 
chicks have plenty of room they, will keep 
pretty busy scratching, even if fed on 
trays. No matter how the grain is fed, 
they must have some tender green stuff, 
lettuce or tender clover, or the like, at 
least once a day, and skim or other milk 
always before them. If the chicks have 
plenty of room to run, preferably, by far, 
on clean grass, it doesn't matter so much 
how generously they are fed upon the 
grain ; they’ll exercise between bites, any¬ 
way. 
After the chicks are three or four weeks 
old 1 add the standard dry mash to their 
ration. This is equal parts of cornmeal, 
wheat bran, middlings, sifted ground oafs, 
and sifted beef scrap. Yes, this may vary 
some, but that is about the mixture used. 
The dry mash is fed in shallow boxes 
having a grid of "hardware doth’’ inside 
and lying on top of the mash. Tnc chicks 
climb right in and eat between the meshes, 
while keeping their toenails worn down to 
a proper length by trying to scratch the 
wire out of their way. The dry mash 
may now be kept before the chicks all of 
the time and the hard grains fed two or 
three times daily. A little later the hard 
grains may be kept in hoppers or boxes 
similar to those holding the mash, always 
before the chicks. It is understood now 
that the youngsters are not confined to 
small coops, but have ample runs where 
they can dig for imaginary angleworms 
and run Marathons from dawn to dark. 
After about five weeks the youngsters 
will eat the larger cracked corn and whole 
wheat. From about two months of age 
on the greater danger from bowel troubles 
being now over, a moist mash may be fed 
once daily in addition to the other rations 
if it is desired to push the chicks along. 
M. B. I). 
Small Eggs; Mite and Lice Killer; Ulcer 
1. I have 20 hens. Plymouth Rocks, 
one rooster. During last March I found 
in my nests three or four small eggs, 
one-third the usual size. I killed one of 
my hens about a week ago, one that I 
thought was laying these small eggs, on 
account of her being too fat. She 
weighed about 714 lbs. I picked her out 
as a slacker, and since I found two more 
small eggs. I never had these small eggs 
before, and feed very carefully. 2. Can 
you recommend me a homemade louse- 
killer and a homemade mite-killer? 3. 1 
noticed one hen suddenly got a small 
swelling the size of a bean at. the end of 
her bill or mouth. I thought it may be 
chicken-pox. On further investigation, 
opening her mouth at the point indicated, 
I found at the muscle of her jaw a hole 
had been eaten about the size of half a 
pea by some disease. T can see nothing 
in her demeanor or actions different from 
the other birds. The swelling is there 
(outside), and the hole on the inside. T 
am applying, first, peroxide, and then 
iodine. What do you suppose it is, and 
how to treat, it? T. F. M. 
New York. 
1. The formation of an egg begins with 
a yolk; this is dropped into the upper end 
of the oviduct from the ovary, and as it 
passes down the oviduct becomes covered 
with the white and then the shell. Some¬ 
times the white of the egg, or the albu¬ 
men. forms in the middle of the oviduct 
without the presence of a yolk ; it then 
passes down its regular course and takes 
on its shell. In that way a small, yolk¬ 
less egg is formed, indicating not over¬ 
fatness upon the part, of the fowl, but 
some irritation near the middle of the 
oviduct that causes a pouring out of the 
egg white when no yolk is present. These 
eggs are occasionally found from all 
flocks. 
2. A bit of blue ointment rubbed over 
the skin just beneath the vent or a few 
pinches of sodium fluoride worked down 
to the skin through the feathers are ef¬ 
fective louse-killers, being lasting in their 
effects. Any grease or oil will kill red 
mites if sprayed or painted over their 
congregating places about the perches. 
Kerosene, the old oil from your automo¬ 
bile engine, melted tallow or lard, any¬ 
thing of an oily nature thoroughly ap¬ 
plied. 
3. A touch of pure carbolic acid may 
cure these ulcers, if iodine fails, but your 
present treatment is good. M. b. d. 
A SMALT, boy. looking rather bewil¬ 
dered, approached a policeman and said : 
“Please, sir. have you seen anything of a 
lady around here?” “Why, yes,” an¬ 
swered the officer. “I’ve seen several.” 
“Well, have you seen any without a little 
boy?” persisted the youngster. “Yes.’ 
“Well.” said the little chap, as a relieved 
look crossed his face, “I’m the little boy. 
Where’s the lady?”—New York Globe. 
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Feed doesn’t change 
your cow’s requirement 
Your cow must have a certain amount of protein and heat 
and energy food. Her requirement does not change when 
you feed ensilage, as roughage, which is low in protein 
compared with heat and energy food, or clover hay which 
is high in protein compared with heat and energy food. 
It is plain, therefore, that the grain feed must be selected 
to supply what the roughage lacks and that it must be 
changed when the roughage changes in order to maintain 
the nutritive requirement of your cow. 
It is plain too, that any one feed cannot form a bal¬ 
anced ration with more than one group of roughage, and 
necessitates a feed to fit each group. 
To maintain the uniformity required by your cows, 
and utilize all classes of roughage, 
TIOGA 
J> FEED SERVICE 
has made exhaustive study of the different kinds of rough- 
age and classified them in three groups according to their 
nutritive content and prepared a feed to form a balanced 
ration with each group. 
Red Brand TI-O-GA Dairy Feed 
to be fed with low protein succulent roughage: Silage, Pastur¬ 
age, Green Fodder, etc. 
White Brand TI-O-GA Dairy Feed 
to be fed with medium protein dry roughage: Timothy Hay, 
Mixed Hay, Corn Fodder, etc. 
Blue Brand TI-O-GA Dairy Feed 
to be fed with high protein dry roughage: Clover Hay, Alfalfa, etc. 
With the right feed you can make use of any roughage or change 
from one kind of roughage to any other variety, without affecting the 
nutritive content of the daily ration. This is the only way by which 
a change from one roughage to another can be made, without affect¬ 
ing the milk yield. 
How this is accomplished is morJ fully explained in the booklet 
" TI-O-GA Feed Service” which will be sent free on request. 
Insist on your dealer furnishing the brand of TI-O-GA Dairy Feed 
that should be used with the roughage you have. If he doesn’t have 
it, advise us and we will see that ycu are supplied. 
Tioga Mill & Elevator Co# 
Waverly, N. Y. 
f -WHITE 
fc BRAND 
B L U E 
Use the TI-O-GA Dairy Feed 
which forms a balanced ration 
with your own roughage. 
The same careful service is 
furnished through: 
EGATINE 
the feed that makes hens lay 
TI-O-GA Calf Food 
the food that 
makes calves grow 
Tl-O-GA 
Fancy Recleaned Seed Oats 
Treated for Smut 
