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THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
333 W. 30th St. New York City 
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Live Stock Matters 
Conducted By Prof. F. C. Minkler 
December 81, 1021 
lbs. of oilmcal would improve its feeding 
qualities. 
More Variety Needed 
Am I feeding the right rations? My 
cows are not doing just as they ought. I 
feed each cow 4 lbs. of feed, which is a 
mixture of 300 lbs. bran, 200 lbs. of 40 
per cent gluten feed and 200 lbs. of 
white hominy. I mix 1 lb. of salt with 
each 1(^0 lbs. of feed. I feed silage and 
dry cornfstover ; no bay at present. Cows 
are looking well. They are all purebred 
Jerseys, freshened since October 1. and 
they give from 7 to 12 lbs. to a milking. 
Ohio. h. s. 
The ration that you are feeding is 
faulty inasmuch as it lacks both bulk and 
variety. Four pounds of grain per day 
would provide only a scanty maintenance 
ration for an average sized dairy cow, 
and would provide very little nutriment 
for milk production. It is possible that 
you are feeding this amount both morn¬ 
ing and evening. I would suggest that 
you add to the mixture mentioned 150 lbs. 
of oilmeal. 100 lbs. of yellow cornmeal 
and 150 lbs. of ground oats or brewery 
grains. Feed 1 lb. of this mixture daily 
for each 3% lbs. of milk produced per 
cow per day. Add 14/. per cent of salt to 
this mixture and allow the animals all of 
the roughage that they will clean up dur¬ 
ing the middle of the day. Since you 
have silage, it will not be necessary for 
you to provide any other succulence be¬ 
yond the use of a restricted amount of 
beet pulp. This might prove profitable 
and it would substantially increase your 
daily production of milk. Make sure that 
the gluten carries as much as 40 per cent 
of protein, for. generally speaking, the 
gluten feed available does not yield more 
than 20 to 28 per cent. Under the condi¬ 
tions that you have described I should not 
be satisfied in feeding a ration that yield¬ 
ed less than 20 per cent of digestible pro¬ 
tein. 
rates have been so high, it is not exten¬ 
sively used in eastern territory. If the 
product that you have in mind is not ran¬ 
cid, and yields as much as 45 per cent 
of protein, it might constitute from 15 
to 20 per cent of a ration intended for 
milk cows. It should be combined with 
cornmeal, bran, and ground oats, if the 
best results arc to follow. You would 
scarcely be wise to rely upon the Soy 
bean meal exclusively as a source of pro¬ 
tein. Better results would follow where 
some product, such as gluten meal, was 
added to the combination. 
Ration Without Silage 
I would like a proper ration for Hol¬ 
stein grade cows. I have no silo, but 
plenty of cornstalks which I can cut up 
with engine power. Timothy and clover 
mixed hay. I can buy any kind of mill 
feed ; have several hundred bushels of ear 
corn. m. n. 
New York. 
If the stalks are cut or shredded into 
inch lengths the cows will clean them up 
to the best advantage. Cut stalks of this 
character, after they have been picked 
over by the cows, make excellent bedding. 
Since you have no silo and will use 
Timothy and mixed hay. I would suggest 
the following combination: 250 lbs. of 
cornmeal, 200 lbs. of bran. 200 lbs. of cot¬ 
tonseed, 150 lbs. of oilmeal, 200 lbs. of 
brewery grains. Feed 1 lb. of this mix¬ 
ture for each 3% lbs. of milk produced 
per cow per day. 
Feeding Yearling Heifer 
What kind of feed is best to put growth 
into a yearling Ayrshire heifer? We have 
here good hay. grind corn and oats and 
add oilmeal to it. We have bran which 
we feed to our milkers. R. M. j. 
New York. 
For a yearling Ayrshire heifer I would 
suggest a mixture of equal parts corn¬ 
meal, ground oats, wheat bran and oil¬ 
meal. If this combination is fed in con¬ 
junction with clover or Alfalfa hay it 
will enable you to grow and develop this 
heifer satisfactorily. Feed her generously 
of this mixture; that is. allow her a suffi¬ 
cient amount of grain to enable her to 
establish a wealth of natural flesh. Bet 
her have all the roughage that she will 
consume, and provide some clover or Al¬ 
falfa hay, if possible. 
Soy Bean By-products 
Be kind enough to inform me. one of 
your subscribers, has Soy bean residue 
been used as a stock food? At the pres¬ 
ent time I know of a large quantity of 
this by-product which would run close to 
45 per cent of protein, and could be fur¬ 
nished in the form of meal or cake. 
New York. r. s. 
Soy bean meal is extensively used in 
rations intended for dairy cows, particu¬ 
larly on the west coast, where the ma¬ 
terial is available at a reasonable cost. 
This product is high in protein, but. ow¬ 
ing to the fact that it contains a consid¬ 
erable amount of free oil. it quickly be¬ 
comes rancid and unpalatable. For this 
reason, and the further fact that freight 
Grain with Inferior Silage 
I have plenty of silage made from corn 
that did not ear. and corn fodder from 
husked field corn, but no hay. g. m. l). 
Silage from corn that failed to develop 
ears or to mature provides succulence, 
but it is not as desirable a 
obtained from corn that 
ripened. Some dairymen 
silage of this character is 
for pound, to that obtained 
feed as silage 
was properly 
contend that 
equal, pound 
from mature 
corn, but it is difficult to determine their 
method of calculation. I would suggest a 
grain ration consisting of 300 lbs. of corn- 
meal. 250 lbs. of wheat bran. 200 lbs. of 
gluten feed, 150 lbs. of cottonseed meal, 
100 lbs. of ground oats. 
If it be possible to obtain brewery 
grains they would be more desirable than 
ground oats under the conditions that you 
have outlined. Feed the cows all of the 
silage they will clean up daily, which 
would he about 3 lbs. daily for each 100 
lbs. of live weight. Let them have all of 
the corn fodder that they will clean up 
with relish. 
Improving a Ration 
I am feeding a shovel mixture, as fol¬ 
lows: 300 lbs. corn and cob meal, 200 lbs. 
ground oats. 200 lbs. gluten feed, 150 lbs. 
bran. 150 lbs. oilmeal. My cows are not 
giving the milk they should from this 
ration. How should I change it to have 
more protein ? For roughage I have 
mixed hay and cornstalks. a. w. e. 
If you desire to increase the protein 
content of the ration submitted, replace 
50 lbs. of the corn and cob meal with 50 
lbs. of 43 per cent cottonseed meal. Like¬ 
wise replace 100 lbs. of the ground oats 
with 100 lbs. of either brewery grains or 
malt sprouts. The ration as originally 
submitted would yield about 16 per cent 
protein, and it is generally believed that a 
ration for high producing animals should 
carry not less than 20 per cent of digesti¬ 
ble crude protein. The substitution of 
clover or Alfalfa hay for roughage would 
help solve your problem. 
More Pro'tein 
Needed 
Will Prof. Minkler advise what he 
thinks of the following grain ration for 
Jersey and Guernsey cows: 200 lbs. corn 
and cob meal. 100 lbs. ground oats, 100 
lbs. gluten meal. 50 lbs. wheat bran, 50 
llis. oilmeal. 50 lbs. cottonseed meal, 100 
lbs. ground buckwheat. 10 lbs. salt. Gan 
this ration be improved upon? a. t. 
New York. 
a*d 
bran 
I should 
200 lbs. of 
50 lbs. of cottonseed meal, 
bring your protein content up 
per cent, 
bran will 
the texture of your mixture. You failed 
to state whether this ration is fed with 
or without silage, and I am assuming 
that you do not have succulence, but. am 
hopeful that it is being fed in conjunction 
with clover or Alfalfa bay. 
to the ration you submit 
. 100 lbs. of oilmeal and 
This will 
to about 20 
The addition of 200 lbs. of 
increase the bulk and improve 
Feeding Holstein Cow 
Will you give me a balanced ration for 
Holstein cow? I have corn fodder and 
mixed hay and plenty of corn. I would 
like to feed as much corn as possible, as 
it is cheap and I have my own grinder. 
New Jersey. f. s. a. 
Assuming that you have no silage and 
that you desire to feed as much corn and 
cob meal as practicable, the following 
combination of ingredients is suggested: 
Gorn and cob meal. 400 lbs.; bran, 200 
lbs.; gluten feed, 200 lbs; 43 per cent 
cottonseed meal. 150 lbs. ; oilmeal. 50 lbs. 
While this combination lacks bulk and 
variety it will provide a mixture yielding 
about IS per cent of protein. The addi¬ 
tion of 100 lbs. of ground oats and 500 
Biting Habit 
What can you suggest to overcome a 
habit of snapping and biting in a horse? 
The man I got her from said she did this 
when being brushed while she was eat¬ 
ing. She did it, not often, and very 
mildly, but seems to be developing the 
habit much more. What would cause 
spots on her sides? Hair seems shorter 
and of lighter shade in spots than rest of 
body. I low can it be remedied? 
Pennsylvania. h. f. ii. 
It may sound cruel, but the worst bit¬ 
ing horse we ever knew of was cured sud¬ 
denly and once for all by letting him bite 
a poker that had been heated and allowed 
to cool a bit. The vice is practically in¬ 
curable. Nipping or snapping, without 
vicious biting, is a symptom of nervous¬ 
ness, and may subside when the horse 
gets to know its friends. Offer some 
relished feed or a lump of sugar at each 
time of harnessing, and the horse should 
soon quit the bad habit. The worn spots 
were probably made by harness, and 
should disappear at hair shedding time, 
provided the harness fits properly and 
does not continue to irritate the skin 
Carrots will prove beneficial and a hand¬ 
ful of flaxseed meal mixed in the feed 
twice daily will also help to gloss the 
skin. Blanketing and brisk brushing and 
massaging tire also necessary. 
To Fatten Pigs 
I have four mixed pigs to fatten for 
market, and a pair of Duroc-Jerseys that 
1 intend to use for breeding. All are 
about three months old. I am feeding 
three times a day a wet mash composed 
of one part bran, three parts middlings, 
one part cornmeal, and one part ground 
oats. To this is added by weight 10 per 
cent of digester tankage. Is this a cor¬ 
rect feed, and at what age ought it to be 
changed for those that require fattening 
for market? Would it be just as well to 
give them dry feed in hopper, which would 
be much less trouble? I bought the Du¬ 
roc-Jerseys “eligible for registration.” 
What does that mean? To whom do I 
apply for registration, ard what is neces¬ 
sary. and what expense is connected with 
it? What advantage is it? m. s. 
A three-months-old pig. regardless of 
whether it is maintained for market or 
breeding purposes, should weigh in the 
neighborhood of 80 lbs. The two pigs in¬ 
tended for butchering might better be fed 
from a self-feeder, or what you have iden¬ 
tified as a feeding hopper. If they are 
of average size and up to the standard in 
weight, I should put them on a straight 
ration of cornmeal and digester tankage, 
feeding both of these ingredients by means 
of self-feeder, placing the grain in one 
compartment and the tankage in the 
other. There would be an advantage in 
continuing the use of middlings in still 
another hopper until the pigs weigh 125 
lbs.; but at the present values middlings 
are more expensive than either corn or 
tankage. Since the Duroc pigs are fairly 
well grown, it is not necessary to continue 
the use of bran and ground oats. The 
latter is rather bulky and fibrous for 
young animals, although here again, if 
desired, you could continue the use of 
bran and oats until the pigs are ready to 
fatten. In any event. I should limit the 
ration of the fattening pigs to corn and 
tankage after they attain a weight of 125 
lbs. They ought to gain at least, a pound 
a day, and if they are well-bred and pro¬ 
vided they have been well-grown, they 
ought to average a pound and a half a day 
throughout their growing and fattening 
period. If it is possible for you to obtain 
corn germ meal. 6 lbs. of this material 
and 4 lbs. of tankage would replace 10 
lbs. of digester tankage. 
So far as the two purebreds are con¬ 
cerned. I should not recommend the use of 
tin 1 free choice or self-feeding system. 
With its use thev are apt to put on too 
much flesh and fail to develop that stretch 
or frame that is to be desired in breeding 
animals. The ration that you are now 
feeding would serve every necessity, and 
it might appropriately be continued until 
the pigs weigh 150 lbs. If convenient, 
allow these two breeding animals access 
to Alfalfa or clover hay. and thus make 
sure that there is no deficiency in essen¬ 
tial minerals. 
The term “eligible for registration” 
simply means that both the sire and the 
dam of these pigs are recorded in the 
recognized registry association, and that 
you can secure registration papers for 
these animals when desired. Blank forms 
may he secured from the National Duroe- 
Jersey Registration Association. Union 
Stock Yards. Gliicago. and when properly 
countersigned by the breeder, and when 
accompanied by the fee of $1, the certifi¬ 
cate of registration will be issued. Pure¬ 
bred animals reproduce true to type. Your 
registration papers are evidence that the 
progenitors' of these two animals are of 
known breeding, and that they have been 
selected with due regard for the character¬ 
istics that have identified the Duroc-.Ter- 
sey breed. If it is desired to sell their 
pigs for breeding purposes, the registra¬ 
tion papers would add substantially to 
their value. On the other hand, if you 
are merely developing these animals for 
pork purposes, .you. would not he justified 
in making application for registration. 
