72 
To her belong the larger of the measurements given 
above. 
Localities for this species are Sheffield, Liverpool, 
Halton, Stowmarket, &c., and it used to be plentiful in 
the fens, when there were more fens than there are now. 
The perfect insect appears in August. 
The caterpillar is blackish-brown sprinkled with yel¬ 
lowish, a row of raised spots on each side of the back, 
blue on the front half and reddish on the hinder, and 
another similar row of reddish ones on each side. 
The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is from 
May to July. 
It feeds on the elm, the oak, the lime, &c. 
Westwood says, “ Varieties occurnotonly intheground 
colour of the wings, the male sometimes pale-brown and 
the females dusky, but also in the depth of the colour of 
the markings, which are sometimes almost obliterated.” 
LIPARIS MONACHA, 
BLACK ARCHES. 
Plate XII. Figure 2. 
This insect measures from a little under an inch and 
a half to rather more than two inches. 
Male: fore wings greyish-white, with several trans¬ 
verse waved bars and lines, and black dots, more or less 
extensive in different individuals. Hind wings pale 
dusky. 
Female : fore wings similarly marked, but more varied 
both in the number, depth, and continuousness of the 
streaks. Hind wings dusky, with a row of darker dots 
on the margin, and a border within them. 
