4 
MOLLUSCA. 
Turrilites. 
Sowerbv, Min. Conch. I. p. 169, pi* 74. Mantell, Geology 
of Sussex, p. 124, pi. 24, figs. 2, 3, 6, 7. Do. Geology S.E. 
of England, p. 159, fig* 1* Brown in Popular Cyclopaedia, 
pi. 66, fig. 2. Turrilites costulata , Lamarck. An. San Vert, 
VII. p. 646. 
1 leterostrophe; the centre of the volutions provided with 
a single row of large tubercles from fifteen to sixteen in 
number, being nearly equidistant to their diameter, and those 
on the body elongated, forming irregular tubercular costae, 
which are reflected towards the aperture, with three bands of 
small ones at their base ; volutions much inflated and deeply 
divided by an undulating suture, with their inferior surface 
provided with radiating ribs, that terminate in the lowermost 
row of tubercles; siphuncle situate intermediately between 
the larger tubercles and the upper edge of the volutions, 
which is impressed by the ribs of the preceding volution; 
base of the aperture contracted. 
Fig. 7* pi* IV. is a perspective representation of a cast of 
T. tuberculatus in an inverted position, to exhibit the radiated 
ribs on the base of the volutions. 
This gigantic shell was discovered by G. A. Mantell, Esq. 
in the Marie stratum at Middleham, on the estate of the Rev. 
J. Constable, parish of Ringmer, Sussex, about two feet under 
the surface, while they generally occur at a depth of six or 
eight feet. It measures five inches at the base, and is sup¬ 
posed to have been upwards of two feet when perfect. 
This magnificent British specimen, says Mantell, “ is a 
cast of indurated marie of an ochraceous colour, retaining in 
one part a thin iridescent pellicle of the pearly coat of the 
shell. Six volutions remain, the largest of which is five 
inches and a half in diameter. Upon a moderate calculation, 
the original, when perfect, must have exceeded two feet in 
length.” 
M. Denis Montfort mentions a specimen found in the 
mountain of St Catharine, near ltouen in Normandy, which 
measured eighteen inches in length. This fossil “ appears to 
have been in such a state of perfection, as to allow of its form 
being made out completely. It is regularly formed into a 
spire, the whorls of which are projecting and articulated, the 
foliaceous sutures produced by the edge of the septa being 
apparent. The opening of the shell is nearly round ; the 
columella flat, without any folds ; and the septa perforated 
nearly in the centre by a syphon.” 
2. T. undulata. —The Waved Turrilite, IV. fig. 1, and 
pi. III. figs. 4 and 9* 
Mantell, Geology of Sussex, p. 124, pi. 23, figs. 14 and 
16, and pi. 24, fig. 8. Sowerbv, Min. Conch. I. p. 171, pi. 75, 
figs. 1, 2, 3. Mantell, Geology S.E. of England, p. 159, fig. 2. 
Volutions heterostrophe, with numerous, prominent, equi¬ 
distant, gently undulating, oblique, longitudinal ribs, gene¬ 
rally covering the whole volution ; those on the body usually 
more contiguous, and running into each other. 
This species is frequently three inches in diameter. First 
noticed and described by G. A. Mantell, Esq., and is charac¬ 
terized by its produced, longitudinal series of ribs, which 
reach from one suture of the spire to another, but are undu¬ 
lated in some examples* In a number of specimens the ribs 
are oblique, and somewhat tubercular, which has led some 
Naturalists to consider them identical with the Turrilites 
costatus . In casts of the adult shell, the characters of the 
species are, however, distinctly marked, and leave no doubt 
of the propriety of their separation.” 
In Figs. 4 and 9, pi* III. the ribs are singularly depressed, 
and with little separation between them. 
Found at Ilamsey Marie pit, Sussex. 
There is a variety of Turrilites umlulatus with the ribs 
somewhat concave, supposed to be a large shell. 
3. T. costata. —The Ribbed Turrilite, pi. Ill fig. 6. 
De Montfort, Journal de Physic, an. 7, p* 1, pi* 1, fig* 1* 
Sowerbv, Min. Conch, I. p. 81, pi. 36. Parkinson’s Organic 
Remains, ill. p. 147* Mantell, Geology of Sussex, p. 133, 
pi* 23, fig. 15, and pi. 24, figs. 1, 4, 6. 
Heterostrophe, upper half of the volutions provided with 
about twenty smooth, rounded, widely set, prominent, equi¬ 
distant, subulate ribs, which reach to the centre of the volu¬ 
tions ; with a zone of prominent, slightly elliptical tubercles 
beneath, towards the inferior margins of the volutions; the 
latter nearly obscured by the next volution; those on the 
bod} T being all distinctly visible. In many instances the 
tubercles and ribs pass into each other. This species varies 
from three to six inches in length. The casts of the inside 
are^ compressed into a somewhat oval form. 
First discovered at Hamsey Marie pit, Sussex, and at 
Clayton, by G. A. Mantell, Esq., and has since been found in 
the Green sand at Ilorningsham, Wiltshire. The Sussex 
specimens very rarely exceed three or four volutions, and are 
invariably in some degree compressed; they vary from one 
to seven inches in circumference, and from three to five inches 
in length ; the body is but rarely preserved, and no remains 
of the shell are discoverable. 
4. T. obl i qua. —The Oblique Turrilite, pi. III. fig* 6. 
Sowerby, Min. Conch. I. p. 172, pi. 75, fig. 4. 
Volutions dextral, very deeply divided, the upper portions 
being narrow and abruptly widening towards their base, and 
when taken individually resemble a truncated cone, the base 
of each furnished with a zone of oblique, elliptical tubercles, 
giving the volutions an angular appearance ; suture line well 
marked. 
Fragments only of this species have been obtained. First 
found in the Micaceous sandstone near Devizes by Mrs Gent. 
5. T. Bergeri. —Berger’s Turrilite, pi. III. fig. 8. 
Buckland’s Bridgewater Treatise, II. p. 65, pi. 44, fig. 14. 
Volutions of the spire turreted, deeply divided, and 
flattened above; each provided with longitudinal oblong 
ovate, continuous rows of tubercles, in the form of ribs, pre¬ 
senting a somewhat catinated appearance; the upper volu¬ 
tion with three, and the next with five series: siphuncle 
apparent near the upper or dorsal margin of two volutions 
at a a ; the sinuous edges of the transverse plates are visible 
in the central volution, and the entire surface of a transverse 
plate is laid open on the smaller end of the third volution, 
shewing its lobes and saddles to be analogous to the same 
parts in Ammonites . 
Found in the Green sand. 
A characteristic specimen of this species, so interesting to 
Geological inquirers, is in the cabinet of that excellent Geo¬ 
logist, G. B. Greenough, Esq. of London. We have intro¬ 
duced it to exhibit its peculiarity of structure. 
The Turrilites do not appear until the commencement of 
cretaceous formations. 
Mr Mantell says, “ there are probably no localities in Eng¬ 
land so rich in the various species of Turrilites as the Marie 
pits in the vicinity of Lewes.” And we may add, they are 
likewise rich in many other species. 
