VOLUTA. 
MOLLUSCA. 
47 
with fine longitudinal striae ; spire about a third of the length 
of the body, which is angular and slightly ventricose above; its 
upper edge crowned with obtuse tubercles, and an angular 
depression in some instances ; aperture oblong, somewhat 
straitened ; outer lip slightly undulous, and plain within ; 
columella provided with three or four plaits. 
Found in the London Clay at Barton Cliff, and in the 
Blue Clay in Richmond Park. 
2. V. Athleta. — The Champion Volute, pi. XXXI. 
fig. 14, 15. 
Valuta Athleta . Sowerby, Min. Conch. IV. p. 133, 
pi. 396, fig. 1, 2, 3. Fleming, Brit. An. p. 332. Strombus 
Athleta . Brander, Hant. fig. 66. 
Shell ovate, ventricose; spire short, conical, consisting of 
five or six volutions, abruptly tapering to an acute apex, and 
crowned with large, spreading, remote, hollow, inflated 
spines; body smooth, somewhat ventricose, with longitu¬ 
dinal, irregular ribs, corresponding in number to the spines 
on the lower volution of the spire ; base obscurely sulcated; 
spire somewhat more than a fourth the length of the body ; 
aperture oblong, narrowed above, expanding in the middle, 
and somewhat contracted towards the base ; columella con¬ 
siderably reflected on the front with three unequal plaits ; 
outer lip plain within. 
Distinguished from V. luctator by being shorter, smoother, 
and by its larger and spreading spines ; it is also thicker, but 
never attains the same size. In the young state, the edges of 
the volutions have a few ill defined spines in addition to those 
on the upper parts. 
Found in the London Clay at Barton. 
3. V. DUBiA.—The Dubious Volute, pi. XXXI. fig. 12, 13. 
Voluta Luctator, jun. Sowerby, Min. Conch. IV. p. 134, 
pi. 397. Strombus dubius . Brander, Plant, fig. 68. 
Oblong-ovate ; spire acute, subturreted, with seven volu¬ 
tions, which are concave above, crowned with one row of 
large and another of small, short, spinous tubercles, termi¬ 
nating in an acute apex ; the whole shell covered with rather 
broad, flat, transverse sulci, and longitudinal ribs, correspon¬ 
ding to the tubercles, which prevail from the apex to the base, 
stronger on the spire, and more obscure as they approach the 
base, on the body taking the direction of the lines of growth ; 
whole shell covered with minute, longitudinal striae ; the spire 
about half the length of the body ; aperture oblong, narrowed 
above, wider in the centre, and more straitened towards 
the base ; columella with three or more slightly developed 
plaits ; outer lip plaited within, and crenulated at the margin. 
Sowerby considers this as the young of V. luctator , but its 
more lengthened, acute, and subturreted spire, the breadth of 
the furrows, the more cylindrical form of the body, and the 
plaits inside the outer lip, are sufficient specific differences. 
Found in the London Clay at Barton Cliff. 
4. V. simnosa. —The Spined Volute, pi. XXXI. fig. 18, 19. 
Voluta spinosa. Lamarck, Env. de Paris, p. 26. Sowerby, 
Min. Conch. II. p. 30, pi. 115, fig. 2, 3, 4. Fleming, Brit. An. 
p. 332. Strombus Luctator . Brander, Hant. fig. 65. 
Shell acutc4y ovate; spire conical, consisting of about ten 
abruptly diminishing volutions, concave above,spirally striated 
below, and crowned with large tubercular spines, with a series 
of smaller ones near their upper edge, and terminating in an 
acute apex; body ventricose above, and tapering suddenly 
from the centre to the base, with a series of thick, longitudinal 
ribs, corresponding in number and continuous with the 
tubercles in the last volution of the spire; crossed by trans¬ 
verse, obsolete, distant sulci ; aperture oblong-ovate ; colu¬ 
mella three plaited ; outer lip plain within. 
Found in tie London Clay at Barton. 
5. V. suspen t sa. — The Uncertain Volute, pi. XXXI. 
fig. 3. 
Voluta amb /ua. Variety Monsirosa . Sowerby, Min. 
Conch. II. p. 31, pi. 115, fig. 5. F. suspensa . Ib. IV. p. 135, 
Fleming, Brit. An. p. 332. Mur ex suspensus. Brander, 
Hant. fig. 70. 
Shell ovate ; spire consisting of six or seven volutions, with 
a broad canal around it, crowned with sharp spinous tubercles, 
and terminating in an acute apex; each of the volutions with 
three or four strong, undulous striae at their base, and all of 
them flattened above ; body ventricose above, and abruptly 
tapering beneath, with pretty strong ribs, corresponding to 
the tubercles, slightly curved and becoming obsolete at the 
base, which is considerably produced; aperture elongated, 
narrow ; columella three plaited ; outer lip plain. 
Found in the London Clay at Barton. 
6. V. depauperata.— The Depauperated Volute, pi. 
XXXI. fig. 2. 
Voluta depauperata . Sowerby, Min. Conch. IV. p. 133, 
pi. 396, fig. 4. Fleming, Brit. An. p. 332. Strombus 
luctator. Brander, Hunt. fig. 67- 
Sbell oblong ovate; spire short, subturreted, consisting of 
five abruptly diminishing volutions, somewhat flattened above, 
and crowned with a series of erect subacute spines; body 
longitudinally and unequally ribbed ; base acute, with nume¬ 
rous transverse sulci, extending nearly half way up the body ; 
aperture oblong-ovate, somewhat straitened ; columella with 
one plait ; outer lip smooth within. 
This shell has much the aspect of F. spinosa , but differs 
from it in having but one row of spines around the volutions. 
Found at Barton in the London Clay. 
7. V. geminata.—T he Double-spined Volute, pi. XXXI. 
%. 4. 
Voluta geminata . Sowerby, Min. Conch. IV, p. 136, 
pi. 398, fig. 1. Fleming, Brit. An. p. 333. 
Ovate, ventricose above, and acuminated below from the 
centre; spire short, subturreted, consisting of five rapidly 
diminishing volutions, and terminating in a pointed apex; 
the whole shell provided with longitudinal prominent ribs, 
which are terminated above, with two obtuse connected spines; 
the ribs become nearly obsolete after descending below the 
middle part of the body, where they are met by numerous, 
transverse, oblique, strong strice, which continue to the base’; 
aperture elongated ; columella with one large and several 
small curved plaits ; outer lip smooth. 
Found in the London Clay at Lyndhurst, Hampshire. 
8. V. Lima. —The Rasp Volute, pi. XXXI. fig. 6, 7» 
Voluta Lima . Sowerby, Min. Conch. IV. p. 136, pi. 398, 
fig. 2. Fleming, Brit. An. p. 333. Buccinum scabriusculum . 
Brander, Hant. fig. 7L 
Oblong-ovate; spire short, consisting of five subturreted, 
rapidly diminishing volutions, separated by a pretty broad 
and deep spiral canal, which with the body are covered 
with numerous longitudinal dentato-crenalcd ribs, crossed by 
wide-set, transverse stria*; upper margin of the volutions 
provided with a series of tooth-like spines, between each of 
which is a flattened concave space ; aperture elongated, 
somewhat widened in the middle ; columcdla with three 
unequal plaits ; outer lip smooth within, and its margin 
crenulated. 
