Spirifer. 
MOLLUSCA. 
Ill 
Oblong-ovate, rather smooth ; cardinal area rather long ; 
upper valve flattened, with a broad mesial ridge and three 
lateral ridges on each side. 
Mountain Limestone, Bolland. 
35. Spirifer duplicicosta. —The Double-ribbed Spirifer, 
pi. LI. fig. 13. 
Spmfera duplicicosta . Phillips, II. p. 218, pi. 10, fig. 1. 
Transversely elongated; umbones pointed; cardinal area 
pretty wide; mesial fold angular; surface with numerous, lon¬ 
gitudinal, divergent ribs, which become duplicate towards the 
basal*margin ; sides of the shell rounded. 
Mountain Limestone, Derbyshire, Bolland, and Northum¬ 
berland. 
3G. Spirifer Gloveri -Glovers Spirifer, pi. LI. fig. 
11 , 12 . 
Spirifer Gloveri . Brown, Trans. Manchester Geo. Soc. I. 
p. 224, pi. 7, fig* GO, Gl. 
Nearly circular, very convex, with rounded sides; both valves 
with a mesial furrow, which widen as they retire from the um¬ 
bones, deep in the upper valve, shallow and more effuse in the 
lower one ; beaks produced, rounded, and rather approximate ; 
both valves with longitudinal, divergent stria}, crossed by dis¬ 
tinct lines of growth ; lower margins of valves fiexuous, the 
central base of the upper one terminating in a considerably 
produced, beak-like process, and hollow in the opposite valve; 
hinge line rather short. 
Lower Scar Limestone Gravel at Sheden Clough, near Cle- 
viger. 
37. Spirifer filaria —The Threaded Spirifer, pi. LI. 
fig. 30, 31. 
Spirifer filaria. Brown, Trans. Manchester Geo. Soc. I. p. 
224, pi. 7, fig. 62, 63. 
Nearly orbicular, rather fiat; beaks small, pointed, and con¬ 
tiguous, but not inflected; exterior surface covered with fine, 
divergent, longitudinal striae, crossed by numerous lines of 
growth ; inside of valves with fine, divergent striae; hinge line 
very short. 
Mountain Limestone near Settle, Yorkshire. 
38. Spirifer radiatus —The Rayed Spirifer, pi. LII.* 
fig. 6. 
Spirifer radiatus . Murchison, p. 624, pi. 12, fig. 6. 
Cardinal area wide; beaks produced, incurved, and pointed ; 
mesial fold with a hollow, longitudinal groove, producing a 
doubly pointed base; whole surface with numerous, regular, 
radiating striae. 
Wenlock and Dudley Limestone at Wenlock, Dudley; Ab- 
berley Lodge and Tynewidd, Caermarthenshire. 
39* Spirifer ptychoides. —The Bent Spirifer, pi. LII * 
'fig- 7, 8. 
Spirifer ptychoides. Murchison, p. 603, pi. 3, fig. 13. Del- 
thyris Dalm. Act. Holm. 1827, p. 124, pi. 3, fig. 5. Ilising. 
Pet. Succ. p. 73, pi. 21, fig. 8. 
Somewhat elongated, smooth; mesial fold longitudinally fur¬ 
rowed, with two rounded plaits on each side; umbo of the 
larger valve produced, and incurved. Length three lines and a 
half; width nearly the same. 
Lowest beds of Old Red Sandstone at Felindre, and also in 
the Upper Ludlow Rocks at Abberley. 
40. Spirifer crispus? —The Curled Spirifer, pi. LII.* 
fig. 9. 
Spirifer crispus . Murchison, p. 610 and 624, pi. 12, fig. 8. 
D el thy r is crispa , Dalm. 1. c. p. 122, pi. 3, fig. 6. Hist. Pet. 
Succ. p. 73, pi. 21, fig. 5. 
Transversely elongated, gibbose; surface with five or six lon¬ 
gitudinal plaits, crossed by elevated lamina}; cardinal area wide, 
obtuse at the sides; umbones remote, with incurved beaks. 
Length three lines and a half; width five lines and a half: 
sometimes found larger. 
Dudley Limestone,' Walsall; and Wenlock Limestone at 
Abberley. 
41. Spirifer trapezoidalis. —The Trapeziform Spirifer, 
pi. LII.* fig. 10, 11. 
Spirifer trapezoidalis . Murchison, p. 610, pi. 5, fig. 14. 
Cyrtia trapezoidalis , Dalm. Act. Holm. 1827, p. 119, pi. 3, fig. 
2. Hist. Pet. Succ. p. 72, pi. 21, fig. 1. Von Buch, pi. 1, fig. 
15, 16. 
Almost semicircular, transversely elongated ; cardinal area 
large and arcuated, the foramen narrow', somewhat shorter than 
the diameter of the shell, with rounded extremities; a mesial, 
elevated rib extends from the beak to the base in the upper 
valve, with a corresponding furrow in the lower one. 
Upper Ludlow Rock at Usk, Craig-y-garcyd, and Cornbrook- 
dale. 
42. Spirifer interlineatus —The Interlined Spirifer, 
pi. LII * fig. 12, 13. 
Spirifer interlineatus. Murchison, p. 614, pi. 6, fig. 6. 
Transversely oval, convex; cardinal area wide; umbo of the 
larger valve produced, and its beak so much incurved that it 
meets the beak of the opposite valve; rounded at the extre¬ 
mities; with numerous, longitudinal, rounded ribs, five on each 
side and a more elevated one in the middle, interlined with fine 
stria. Length five lines and a half; width six lines and a half. 
Amestry Limestone, Amestry; and also in the Wenlock 
Limestone. 
43. Spirifer sinuatus —The Sinuatcd Spirifer, pi. LII.* 
fig. 14, 15, 16. 
Spirifer sinuatus. Murchison, p. 630, pi. 13, fig. 10. Tere - 
bratula sinuata , Sowerby, Linn. Trans. XII. p. 516, pi. 28, fig. 
5, 6. Dellhyris cardiospermiformis , Hist. Anteckn. IV. pi. 7, 
fig. 6. Dalm. 1. c. p. 124, pi. 3, fig. 7* Hist. Pet. Succ. p. 74, 
pi. 21, fig. 9* Spirifer cardiospermiformis , Von Buch. Sp. et 
Ort. pi. 1, fig. 7* 
Somewhat obtusely heart-shaped, deeply bilobate, and cared; 
surface with numerous, fine, longitudinal stria}; larger valve 
very deep, with an incurved beak; cardinal area triangular. 
Length and width about three lines and a half. 
Wenlock Shale, Melvern and Hay Head. 
Section IV.— Glabrae. —Cardinal area not so wide 
as the shell; surface for the most part divested of rays. 
44. Spirifer mesoloba. —The Middle-folded Spirifer, pi. 
LI. fig. 18. 
Spirifera mesoloba. Phillips, II. p. 219, pi* 10, fig. 14. 
Suborbicular, compressed, smooth; umbo of the larger valve 
produced, beak acute, inflected; cardinal area triangular; mesial 
fold broad. 
Mountain Limestone, Bolland. 
