114 MOLLUSCA. Spirifer. 
Found on the Devonian Shale, at Hope, near Torquay, and 
in South Devon. 
71. Spirifer obliteratus —The Obliterated Spirifer, pi. 
LII * fig. 29. 
Sph'ifera obliterata. Phillips, Pal. Fos. p. 77, pi. 31, fig. 
135. 
Convex, semicircular, its width twice its length; cardinal area 
with acute terminations; surface with slightly elevated radia¬ 
tions, crossed by remote, well marked lines of growth ; mesial 
furrow shallow, situate between two convex, but obtuse, nearly 
central radiations. 
Allied to S. spcciosus , fig. 24, 25. 
Found in the Mountain Limestone, in North Devon and 
Brushford. 
72. Spirifer inornatus, —The Unadorned Spirifer, pi. 
LII* fig. 37. 
Spirifera inornata. Sowerby, Geo. Trans. V. 2nd series, pi. 
53, fig. 9* 
Much elongated transversely, fusiform, compressed, and 
smooth ; sides with obscure radiations; base even ; beaks ob¬ 
scure. 
Found at Ilfracombe, in the Devonian Shale. 
73. Spirifer extensus _The Extended Spirifer, pi. LII.* 
fig- 38. 
Spirifera extensa . Sowerby, Geo. Trans. V. 2nd series, pi. 
54, fig. 11. 
Convex, greatly elongated transversely, and fusiform ; with 
numerous radii, about seven in the middle of the upper valve 
being more prominent than the others, and its beak small. 
Found in the Devonian Shale at Petherwood, Staunton, and 
Barnstaple Bridge. 
74. Spirifer costatus —The Ribbed Spirifer, pi. LII.* 
fig. 35, 36. 
Spirifer costata. Sowerby, Geo. Trans. V. 2nd series, pi. 
55, fig. 5, 6, 7. 
Convex, fusiform, much elongated transversely; surface with 
two approximate, central, elevated ribs, and about five or six 
rounded thick ones on each side of these; lower valve with 
a broad, deep sulcus, bounded by two strong ribs; hinge 
area broad, with parallel edges. Length hardly a sixth of its 
width. 
Found in soft Slaty Stone at Fowey, and in hard Blue Slate 
at Tintagel and Looe. 
75. Spirifer ptychodes. —The Tooth-folded Spirifer, pi. 
LII * fig. 32, 33. 
Spirifer ptychodes. Sowerby, Sil. Syst. p. 603, pi. 3, fig. 13. 
A little elougated, smooth, with fine, rounded, longitudinal 
folds; beak of larger valve produced, and curved. Length and 
width three lines and a half. 
Found in the Old Red Sandstone at Felinder, and also in the 
Upper Ludlow Rocks. 
76. Spirifer Pisum. — The Pea Spirifer, pi. LII.* fig. 
30, 31. 
Spirifera Pisum. Sowerby, Sil. Syst. p. 630, pi. 13, fig. 9. 
Convex, lenticular, smooth, indistinctly hexagonal; base even 
truncated; beaks small, of equal length; cardinal area small, and 
triangular. Length and width three lines. 
Found in the Wenlock Shale at Hay Head. 
77. Spirifer affinis —The Allied Spirifer, pi. LII.* fig. 
34. 
Spirifera affinis. Sowerby, Geo. Trans. V. 2nd series, pi. 
57, fig. 11. 
Lenticular, with numerous, longitudinal, rounded ribs, branch¬ 
ed and crossed by thin laminae; cardinal area fiat, triangular, 
shorter than the breadth of the shell; beak of the lower valve 
produced. 
Found in the Devonian Shale at Plymouth. 
78. Spirifer subconicus —The Subconic Spirifer, pi. 
LII* fig. 59. 
Spirifera subconica. Sowerby, Geo. Trans. V. 2 nd series, 
pi. 57, fig. 10. Phillips, Pal. Fos. p. 72, pi. 29, fig. 126. Ano - 
mites subconicus , Martin, Pet. Derb. pi. 45, fig. 6 . 
Larger valve subconic, with a central, longitudinal sulcus, and 
several strong, rounded, divergent ribs, crossed by a few distant 
lines of growth ; cardinal area large, triangular, and fiat. 
Found in the Carboniferous Limestone of Derbyshire, and 
the Devonian Shale at Plymouth. 
79* Spirifer interlineatus. — The Interlined Spirifer, 
pi. LII* fig. 41, 42. 
Spirifer interlineatus. Sowerby, Sil. Syst. p. 614, pi. 6 , 
fig. 6. 
Convex, transversely ovate, with large, rounded ribs, five on 
each side of a large, prominent, central one, and fine, close-set, 
longitudinal stria;; beak of larger valve produced, and so greatly 
incurved as to meet the beak of the smaller valve. Length five 
lines and a half; breadth six lines and a half. 
Found in the Amestry and Wenlock Limestones. 
80. Spirifer trapezoidalis —The Trapezoidal Spirifer, 
pi. LII.* fig. 43, 44. 
Spirifer trapezoidalis. Sowerby, Sil. Syst. p. 610, pi. 5 , fig. 
14. Cyrtia trapezoidalis , Von Bucli, pi. 1 , fig. 15. 
Nearly semicircular; larger valve with a wide, deep, mesial 
sulcus, and a corresponding elevated ridge in the other, with 
fine, radiating stria;; hinge line somewhat shorter than the 
diameter of the shell; area large, curved, with a narrow 
foramen. 
Found in the Upper Ludlow Rock at Usk, Craig-y-garcyd, 
and Iron Bridge, Coalbrook Dale. 
81. Spirifer grandjevus —The Aged Spirifer, pi. LII.* 
fig. 45, 46. 
Spirifera grandeeva. Phillips, Pal. Fos. p. 76, pi. 30, fig. 
131. 
Semiclliptical; hinge line nearly straight, slightly projecting, 
with somewhat square terminations; lesser valve with a large, 
elevated, rounded, mesial ridge, with distinct furrows on either 
side, and about ten radiations on both sides. 
Found in the Devonian Shale at Petherwin, Cornwall. 
82. Spirifer crispus. —The Curled Spirifer, pi. LII.* 
fig. 47. 
Spirifer crispus? Sowerby, Sil. Syst. p. 624, pi. 12, fig. 8 . 
DtUhyris crispa , Dahn. 1. c. p. 122 , pi. 3, fig. 6 . 
Gibbose, transversely elongated; with from five to seven 
elevated plaits, crossed by strong lamina;; hinge line with obtuse 
ends; beaks remote. Length three lines and a half; breadth 
five lines and a half: soinetines larger. 
Found in the Wenlock Limestone at Dudley and Walsall. 
