174 
CONCHIFERA. 
Modiola. 
Transverse, snb-cuneiform, inflated, smooth ; base oblique ; 
anterior side narrow ; posterior side wide, and obliquely sub- 
truncated ; surface with many concentric lines of growth, and 
very fine intermediate irregular striae, which is only visible by 
the aid of a lens. Length an eighth of an inch ; breadth 
somewhat more. 
The Carboniferous Shale, Crimsworth Dean, Yale of Tod- 
morden, Yorkshire. 
20. Modiola minuta. —The Minute Modiola, pi. LXXII. 
fig. 20. 
M. minuta. Brown, Manchester, Geo. Trans. I. p. 227, 
pl. 7, fig. 75. 
Transversely oblong-ovate ; smooth ; beaks small, consider¬ 
ably produced and pointed; anterior side short, and a little 
acuto ; hinge-line rather long, and nearly straight; length 
one-eighth of an inch ; breadth somewhat more. 
The Carboniferous Shale, Low Moore, near Bradford. 
30. Modiola pulchra. —The • Beautiful Modiola, pl. 
LXXII. fig. 26. 
M. pulchra. Phillips, Geo. York, T. pl. 5, fig. 26. 
Transversely elongated ; beaks rounded, and placed near 
the anterior side, which is rounded and short; posterior side 
expanded, and obliquely truncated ; surface smooth and shin¬ 
ing, with a series of fine, radiating stria*, emanating from the 
beaks, and occupying the posterior half of the valves; lines of 
growth remote, distinctly marked ; basal lino almost straight, 
and nearly parallel with the superior line. 
The Kellowavs Rock, Scarborough. 
31. Modiola squamifera. —The Scaly Modiola, pl. 
LXXII. fig. 39. 
M. squami/era. Phillips, Geo. York, II. p. 209, pl. 5, f. 22. 
Transversely elongated, narrow ; beaks obtuse, hardly rising 
above the surface; hinge-line greatly lengthened, and quite 
straight, ending in a point, beneath which lies an abrupt flex¬ 
ure ; anterior side very short; posterior side much elongated ; 
surface with distinct, broad, laminated lines of growth. 
The Carboniferous Limestone, Bolland. 
32. Modiola lingualis. —The Tongue-shaped Modiola, pl. 
LXXII. fig. 42. 
M . lingualis . Phillips, Geo. York, II. p. 209, pl. 5, f. 21. 
Greatly elongated, transversely tongue-shaped; anterior 
side narrow, gradually widening towards the posterior side; 
hinge-line nearly straight and lengthened, from whence it 
gently curves to the posterior side ; beaks depressed ; anterior 
side extremely short ; basal lino gently curved ; surface 
smooth, with very delicate lines of growth. 
The Carboniferous Limestone, Castleton, Derbyshire. 
33. Modiola elongata. —The Elongated Modiola, pl. 
LXXII. fig. 43. 
M. elongata, Phillips, Geo. York, II. p. 210, pl. 5, f. 24. 
Much elongated ; arcuated, rather gibbose, margins nearly 
parallel; sub-carinated; surface smooth, with very shallow, 
nearly obsolete lines of growth. 
The Carboniferous Limestone, Bolland. 
34. Modiola inclusa. — The Inclosed Modiola, pl. 
LXXII. figs. 34. 
M. inclusa . Phillips, Geo York I. pl. 3, fig. 20. 
Ovate, beaks slightly produced ; gently curved both above 
and below ; surface smooth. 
The Coral Rag, Malton, Wiltshire, and Oxfordshire. 
35. Modiola undulata. —Tho Waved Modiola, pl. 
LXXII. fig. 38. 
M. cuneata (Var. ?) Phillips, Geo. York, pl. 5, fig. 28. 
Transversely elongated, oblique ; beaks large; very obtuse, 
hingo-line curved, and with a large wing-shaped expansion, 
beneath which is a double flexure, anterior side obliquing from 
the beaks ; base with a considerable curve towards the centre. 
The Kellowavs Rock, South Cave, Scarborough. 
36. Modiola cuneata. —The Wedge-shaped Modiola, pl. 
LXXII. figs. 30, 31. 
M. cuneata. SowerbyllL p. 19, pl. 211, fig. 1. 
Elongated, convex, especially towards the beaks; beaks 
obtuse, hinge-line nearly straight, and protruding beyond the 
surface ; anterior sido not projecting so far as the beaks ; base 
a little concave, seam of the valves waved. 
The Inferior Oolito, Somersetshire. 
37. Modiola latissima. —The Very Broad Modiola, pi. 
LXXI., fig. 21. 
M. cuneata. Sowerby, III. p. 8?, pl. 248, fig. 2. 
Transversely elongated ; length one-fourth its width ; a little 
compressed; anterior side slightly curved and produced; 
posterior sido small, ill defined; beaks short and obtuse, 
placed near tho posterior side; surface nearly smooth ; with 
a few irregular, nearly obsolete lines of growth. 
38. Modiola rectus. —The Straight Modiola, pl. LXXII.* 
fig. 7. 
Extremely lengthened transversely ; nearly straight; beaks 
hardly defined ; back nearly straight, base with a slight curve, 
anterior side excessively short; posterior side very much 
lengthened; back with a series of oblique ribs, which extend 
about a third into the valves, and are then lost in a number of 
retroverted wrinkles, which form an oblong triangular space 
from the anterior side of tho hinge-line to the opposito extre¬ 
mity ; tho other portion of the valves rather smooth, with 
some shallow lines of growth. 
The Middle Oolite, Yorkshire. 
39. Modiola scalprum. —Tho Bill-shaped Modiola, pl. 
LXXII.* fig. 6. 
M. scalprum. Phillips, Geo. York, I. pl. 14, fig. 2. 
Extromely lengthened transversely, and much curved; 
beaks blunt and placed dose to the anterior side; hinge-line 
much elongated and slightly bent from its termination ; the 
shell is abruptly curved; surface with numerous shallow lines 
of growth. 
The Marlstone, Robin Ilood's Bay, Yorkshire. 
40. Modiola amygdalina. —The Almond-shaped Modiola, 
pl. LXI *** figs. 11, 12. 
M. amygdalina. Phillips, Pal. Fos. p. 38, pl. 17, fig. 62. 
Elliptical, gibbous ; obliquely elongated ; narrowed ante¬ 
riorly ; beaks close to tho anterior side and incurved over the 
lunule, which is excavated and small; surface with fine con¬ 
centric stria) and sharp lines. 
The Devonian Shale, Petherwin, Cornwall. 
41. Modiola exp ansa. —The Expanded Modiola, pl. LXI. 4 
fig. 13. 
M. expansa. Tortlock, Geo. Rep. 425, pl. 33, fig. 6. 
Elongated ; front produced considerably beyond tho beaks; 
hinge-line straight, and equal in length to about half of the 
