Serpula. 
ANNELIDA. 
239 
S. carinella. Sowerby, VI. p. 201, pi. 598, fig. 2. 
Cylindrical, adherent, tortuous, gradually tapering towards 
the apex; a small longitudinal keel, becoming obsolete towards 
the aperture. 
The Greensand, Blackdown. 
3. Serpula compressa. —The Compressed Serpula, pi. 
XCVIII. fig. 20. 
S. compressa. Sowerby, YI. p. 201, pi. 598, fig. 3. 
Lanceolate, somewhat compressed, rapidly diminishing, and 
smooth; very slightly tortuous; a portion of the tube free. 
The Carboniferous Limestone, Lothian and Ireland. 
4. Serpula antiquata. — The Antiquated Serpula, pi. 
XCVIII. fig. 40. 
5. antiquata. Sowerby, VI. p. 202, pi. 598, fig. 4. 
Cylindrical, very gradually decreasing, surface uneven, with 
transverse, irregular rings; a portion adherent, by an expan¬ 
sion of the tube; margin of the aperture obtuse. 
The Upper Greensand, Kent, Dorsetshire and Wiltshire; the 
Chalk, Hunstanton and Dorking, and the Lower Greensand, 
Isle of Wight and Kent. 
5. Serpula contracta. — The Contracted Serpula, pi. 
XCVIII. fig. 34. 
S. contracta. Woodward, Geo. Nor. pi. 5, fig. 19. 
Tube circular, gradually decreasing, considerably and abruptly 
contracted at the smaller end. 
The Upper Chalk, Norwich. 
0. Serpula tenuis. —The Thin Serpula, pi. XCVIII. figs. 
9 , 10 . 
S. tenuis. Sowerby, VI. p. 202, pi. 598, fig. 5. 
Cylindrical, with a very minute keel upon the back, and a 
few distinct acute rings; substance of the shell thin; occurs 
in groups, and either attached to each other or to extraneous 
bodies. 
The Fresh Water Formation, Ilordwell. 
7. Serpula tkicarinata.— The Three-Keeled Serpula, pi. 
XCVIII. fig. 28. 
S. tricarinata. Sowerby, VI. p. 220, pi. G08, figs. 3, 4. 
Aperture generally turned back, surface somewhat smooth, 
with three thick uninterrupted keels, the central one largest; 
sometimes becoming obsolete; aperture circular, furnished 
with two thickened lobes at the base ; edge thin. 
The KimmeridgeClay, near Leighton, Buckinghamshire, and 
the Calcareous Grit, Shotover Ilill. 
8. Serpula triangulata.— 1 The Triangular Serpula, pi. 
XCVIII. fig. 42. 
S. triangulata. Sowerby, VI. p. 227, pi. 608, fig. 7. 
Somewhat rounded, smooth, triangular upon the back; the 
central angle elevated into a keel; surface with circular lines 
of growth; always adherent. 
The Great Oolite, Bradford, Wiltshire. 
9. Serpula runcinata. —The Saw-like Seq>ula, pi. XCVIII. 
fig. 35. 
S. runcinata. Sowerby, VI. p. 227, pi. 608, fig. 6, 
Sub-triangular, tortuous, with three regularly and strongly 
serrated longitudinal keels upon its back; aperture round: 
base expanded. 
The Coral Rag, Shotover Hill. 
10. Serpula obtusa. —The Obtuse Serpula, pi. XCVIII. 
fig. 0. 
S. obtusa. Sowerby, VI. p. 228, pi. 608, fig. 8. 
Obtusely quadrangular, smooth, with an obtuse, thick keel 
along the back, which is flattened; edges of the margin pro¬ 
duced as a short cylinder, beyond the margin, which is bilobate 
and thickened; base expanded. 
The Middle Chalk, Sahara, Norfolkshire. 
11. Serpula fluotuata. —The Fluctuating Serpula, pi. 
XCVIII. fig. 35. 
S. jiuctuata. Sowerby, VI. p. 228, pi. 608, fig. 5. 
Circular, surface smooth, with five regularly undulating 
wire-like low keels ; surface of attachment small. 
The Upper Chalk, Norwich, and the Middle Chalk, Swaft- 
lmm, and Dorking. 
12. Serpula tetragona. — The Tetragonal Serpula, pi. 
XCVIII. fig. 12. 
Sowerby, VI. p. 203, pi. 599, figs. 1, 2. 
Tube very long, narrow, and for the greater part of its length, 
unattached; four-sided and nearly flat externally, with promi¬ 
nent angles; aperture round. 
The Kimmeridge Clay, Clophill, Bedfordshire. 
13. Serpula rustica. —The Rude Serpula, pi. XGVIIL 
fig. 11. 
S. rustica. Sowerby, VI. p. 203, pi. 599, fig. 3. 
Tube quadrangular, the angles obtuse; as the tube increases 
in length, the angles become variously curved and interrupted, 
and finally assume the form of irregular nodules, surrounding 
the tube, which becomes cylindrical. 
The Upper Greensand, Folks tone. 
14. Serpula articulata. —The Articulated Serpula, pi. 
XCVIII. fig. 23. 
Sowerby, VI. p. 204, pi. 599, fig. 4. 
Tube quadrangular, provided with rings, each having four 
oval tubercles, situate at distant irregular intervals; angles 
rounded; aperture circular. 
The Gualt, Folkstone. 
15. Serpula vertebralis. —The Vertebral Serpula, pi. 
XCVIII. fig. 75. 
S. vertebralis. Sowerby, VI. p, 204, pi. 599, fig. 5. 
Tube quadrangular, with obtuse longitudinal tubercles, set 
in rings, at short regular distances, four on each ring. 
The Oxford Clay, Christian Mai ford. 
16. Serpula carinata. —The Keeled Serpula, pi. XCVIII. 
fig. 29. 
S. carinata. Woodward, Geo. Nor. pi. 5, fig. 13. 
