18 
MARINE FAUNA OF ST. ANDREWS. 
Subkingdom C (ELEN TER A TA . 
Class HYDROZOA. 
The Hydroid Zoophytes of St. Andrews are chiefly pro¬ 
cured from the deep water of the bay, though a few appear 
between tide-marks. Many are found in great profusion. 
Compared with the southern shores, as at Devon and Corn¬ 
wall *, the majority of the Hydroids are equally common in 
both localities, some occur more frequently in the one than 
in the other, while a third series is more characteristic of 
each area. Thus Sertularella rugosa , Sertulciria cupressina , 
Thuiaria thuja , and Halecium muricatum appear to be more 
abundant at St. Andrews than in the south; on the other 
hand, Sertularia argentea and Ohelia dichotoma are probably 
more plentiful in the latter, together with the appearance of 
Tubularia at the extreme margin of low water. The cha¬ 
racteristic forms in the south are Corymorpha nutans , Aglao- 
phenia pluma , A. pennatula , Ophiodes mirabilis, Diphasia 
pinnata , and an abundance of the species of Plumularia. At 
St. Andrews Sertularia Jilicula, S.fusca , Tubularia coronata, 
Cuspidella humilis , and Halecium labrosum afford distin¬ 
guishing features. Moreover, instead of the tufted Clava 
squamata, so common on the littoral Fuciof the western coast, 
we have C. multicornis at St. Andrews on the under surface 
of stones ; the splendid Corymorpha nutans of the sandy voes, 
and the rich tufts of littoral Corynidae and Gonothyrcece of the 
Zetlandic. region, are likewise wholly absent. Amongst the 
Hydromedusas, Sarsia prolifera , Forbes, occurs occasionally, 
and Thaumantias pilosella, Forbes, in great abundance on the 
surface of the bay in autumn. 
The habit of the zoophytes affords many interesting facts, 
especially in regard to the profusion of parasitic structures. 
The roots of the polyparies spring from diverse shells, stones, 
* J. & R. Q. Couch,in their 1 Cornish Fauna;’ the elaborate catalogue 
of the Rev. T. Hincks in the ‘Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.’ 1861-62; and 
Mr. Parfitt’s Devonshire Catalogue published in 1866. 
