G8 
MARINE FAUNA OF ST. ANDREWS. 
Cardium edule , L. Op. cit. ii. p. 286, v. pi. 35. f. 5. 
Abundant in the muddy sand at the mouth of the river 
Eden. Cockle-gathering forms the occupation of some of the 
fisherwomen. 
Cardium norvegicum , Spengler. Op.cit. ii. p. 294, v. pl.35. f. 7. 
Not uncommon ; generally brought by the fishermen from 
deep water. 
Fam. 12. Cyprinidae, Geinitz. 
Genus 2. Cyprina, Lamk. 
Cyprina islandica , L. Op. cit. ii. p. 304, v. pi. 36. f. 2. 
Common in deep water, and thrown ashore after storms. 
Some have rows of small adherent pearls. 
Genus 3. Astarte, J. Sowerby. 
Astarte sulcata , Da Costa. Op. cit. ii. p. 311, v. pi. 37. f. 1 & 2. 
Frequently brought up by the deep-sea lines of the fisher¬ 
men. Semifossil valves of A. borealis are also not uncommon. 
Astarte compressa , Mont. Op. cit. ii. p. 315, v. pi. 37. f. 3 & 4. 
Frequent in deep water. 
Genus 4. Circe, Schumacher. 
Circe minima , Mont. Op. cit. ii. p. 322, v. pi. 37. f. 6. 
Not uncommon in deep water, and in the stomachs of cod, 
haddocks, and flounders. 
Fam. 13. Veneridae, Leach. 
Genus 1. Venus, L. 
Venus exoleta , L. Op. cit. ii. p. 327, v. pi. 38. f. 1. 
Abundant in deep water, and on the beach after storms. 
