THROUGH FINLAND. 
249 
raife potatoes, rye, and barley, and have about three hundred acres 
of arable land in cultivation. Not far from the town is^a printied 
cotton maunfaCtory ; alfo a houfe for boiling pitch, a ftore-houfe 
for tar, afaw-mill near the mouth of the river Kulajoki, &c. The 
magiftracy confifts of a burgomafter and f x council-men. About 
a mile from Carleby are fome fprings of mineral water. 
From Gamla Carleby we continued our journey on the ice, and 
experienced a new fenfation peculiar to this mode of travelling. 
We have before obferved, that the froft is here fo intenfe, as to 
arreft the fea in its waving motion. The fun becoming more 
powerful with the advancement of the feafon, melted confider- 
ably the ice on the furface. The water thus produced during the 
day, collected in the cavities or furrows, and formed little pools 
or rivulets, which we were under the neceffity of traverfmg in our 
fledges; and as they were always a conflderable depth in the 
middle, we faw ourfelves defcending we knew not where, and ac¬ 
tually thought we fliould fink to the bottom of the ocean. The 
intrepidity, or rather indifference, with which the Finlander made 
his way through thofe pools, encouraged us a little; but the re¬ 
collection that we were upon the fea, and a confcioufnefs that the 
water was entering our fledge, excited at firft frightful apprehen- 
fions, and a continued difagreeable feeling. 
In nights of fevere and intenfe cold, fuch as frequently occur at 
that time of the year, a cruft of ice is formed over thofe pools, 
infomuch, that the water becomes inclofed between two plates of 
ice : in this cafe the fledge, as it pafles over the upper cruft, which 
Vol. I. K k 
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