262 
TRAVELS 
Places lying under the fame latitudes, or where the days and 
nights at the folflices are of the fame length, are faid in general 
to have the fame climates. With regard to the geographical cli¬ 
mate of Uleaborg, it correfponds with that of Kemi in Ruffia, 
of Gorodock and Kuoovatlkai in Siberia, of Cape Tfchukotfkoi 
Nos, towards the Frozen Sea, of St. James’s in North America, of 
the fouthern cape of Greenland, of Skalholt in Iceland, and Dron- 
theim in Norway. 
By the phyfical climate is meant the difference of cold and 
heat, and the condition of the weather in different places at the 
fame feafons. The principal and mofl general caufes of the di- 
verfity of phyfical climate, are the longer or fhorter continuance 
of the fun above the horizon, and the perpendicularity or obli¬ 
quity of his rays ; befides this, the Rate of the atmofphere, which 
furroundsthe earth to the height of ten Swedifli (or nearly feventy 
Englifh) miles, and which accordingly, as it is more or lefs charged 
with vapours, intercepts and difperfes more or lefs of the fun- 
beams in their defcent to the earth. The climate is alfo modified 
by the fituation of places on hills or plains, near the fea or on con¬ 
tinents. The mild winters in England are owing to the warm- 
nefs of the furrounding ocean, while Switzerland, lying fix degrees 
farther to the fouth, experiences a much greater degree of cold, on 
account of its topographical fituation. 
The fonth and fouth fouth-weR winds blowing towards Ulea- 
;borg, along the gulf of Bothnia, are for the moll part warm after 
■midfummer till autumn; but before midfummer, as long as the 
gulf' 
