THROUGH FINLAND. 
2 6 ’- 
Some general Signs of Spring and Summer at Uleaborg, according to 
twenty-four years' Obfervation , by J. Julin . 
About 
March 5. - - The melting ice and fnow begin to trickle from the roofs of the 
houfes. 
April i. - - The fnow-bunting (emberiza nivalis, Lin.) appears. 
April 25. - - The wild geefe and the birds of the lakes arrive. 
The papilio urticie (Lin.) makes its appearance. 
The lark (alanda urvenfis, Lin.) lings. 
The fields are bare, i. e. free from fnow. 
May 5. - - - The white wagtail (motacilla alba, Lin.) fhews itfelf. 
The wheat ear, or white tail (motacilla oenanthe, Lin.) 
May 15—20. - The rivers open, and the ice melted. 
A beginning may be made of planting in the kitchen gardens. 
May 25. - - The martin (hirundo urbica, Lin.) comes. 
The cuckow (cuculus canorus, Lin.) calls. 
The fpring corn is out. 
May 30. - - Marlh marigold (caltha paluftris, Lin.) flowers. 
Trees, for inftance the birch, (betula alba) put forth their leaves. 
June 12. - - Summer’s warmth, of 12 degrees above o. 
August 10. - Night frofts begin. 
August 20. - Harveft begins. Winter rye (fecalo) is fown. 
September 25. The birch (betula alba) lheds its leaves. 
November 20. The ice bears; the ground is covered with fnow. 
GENERAL REMARKS. 
1. The Winter begins in October, and lafts full feven months, or till the end of 
April. The Spring is fliort, and is over with the month of May. The Summer 
commences in June, and continues three months. Autumn takes its beginning 
with September, and only extends to the end of that month. 
2. The greatefl: cold in winter is in January, and the greatefl: heat in fummer 
commonly towards the end of July. 
3. The middle temperature for the whole year, if we except the periods when 
the feafons exert their particular influence, is about the freezing point of the ther¬ 
mometer, or, in other words, conftant winter. 
4. The night frofts are fometimes pretty {harp, efpecially from about the 10th to 
the 20th of Auguft. July 25 th, 1785, feveral things in the kitchen gardens were bit 
by the froft, for example the potatoes (folonum tuberofum) and the beans (phafeolus). 
5. However fliort the fummer may be in this part of the world, the grafs and 
corn neverthelefs grow fufficiently ripe. There have been inftances that the corn 
was fown and brought in quite ripe in the fpace of forty-two days. 
Vol. I. M m 
Ext raff 
