36 
D O V 
D O V 
in older to judge, from its movements, of the fuccefs of 
their voyage. The mod favourable feafon for fetling 
fail was fuppofed to be at the heliacal riling of the feven 
liars near the head of Taurus, and they are in eonfequence 
of it called Pleiades, or .the doves. 
With painters, the dove is an emblem of fimplicity, 
innocence, purity, goodnefs, peace, and divine love, and 
reprefents the Holy Ghod. Having no gall, it is the 
fymbol of a true and faithful Chriltian, who forgives in¬ 
juries, bears adverlity patiently, and fuffers not the- fun 
to go down upon his anger. 
DOVE, a river of England, in the county of Derby, 
which runs into the Trent, near Burton. 
DOVE’s-FOOT CRANE’s-BILL. See Geranium. 
DOfJE', a town of France, in'the department of the 
Mayne and Loire, and chief place of a canton, in the 
diliridt of Saumur, on the Loire: there are the remains 
of an amphitheatre, which are by fomc fuppofed to be 
Roman, while others fuppofe them the remains of a pa¬ 
lace of the ancient kings of Aquitaine. It contains about 
800 inhabitants, who are chiefly employed in a mann- 
fadtnre of druggets and tammies: nine miles fouth-wed 
of Saumur, and twenty fouth of Angers. 
DG'VECOT, f A fmall building in which pigeons 
are bred and kept. 
DO'VEDRAWN, part. adj. Drawn by doves : 
I met her deity, 
Cutting the clouds tow’rds Paphos, and her fon 
Dovedrawn with her. Shakcfpeare. 
DO'VEHOUSE, f. A lioufe for pigeons.—The hawk 
fets up for protector, and makes havock in the dovehoufe. 
L’ EJl range. 
DO'VEIN, a town of Egypt: feven miles fouth-fouth- 
ead of Siur. 
DO'VELIKE, adj. Like a dove.— Dovelike fatft brood¬ 
ing on the vaft abyfs. Milton. 
DO'VER, [beopjra, Sax. oidufyrra, C.Br. a deep place, 
from the deep rocks not far from thence.] An ancient 
fea-port town in the eadern part of the county of Kent, 
feventy-two miles from London, lixteen from Canterbury, 
twenty-two from Margate, eleven from Sandwich, and 
eight from Deal. It is placed in a pleafant valley, and 
the only one about this coad where water is admitted in¬ 
wards of the cliff, which is here very high, and has a 
beautiful pidturefque appearance. The lull on which 
the cadle is (ituated rifes with a bold afeent to the north¬ 
ward of the town ; and the venerable and famous fortrefs 
dill feems to bid dedance to its Gallic neighbours, the 
total change in the art of war dnee its erection has re¬ 
duced its eonfequence as a fortified dation very much in¬ 
deed. A fmall river runs through the valley, which 
palfes through great part of the town, and from thence 
empties itfelf into the fea. The delightful fituation of 
Dover, the falubrity of the air, the purity of the fea, and 
the advantages of a dne beach, has caufed it to be much 
frequented in the bathing-feafon. The ancient Britifh 
name of Dover was Dour, the Saxon Doppa, the Roman 
Dubrics -, and the Watling-dreet, one of the ancient Ro¬ 
man roads which eroded the kingdom, commenced here, 
going drait to Canterbury, over Barham-downs, where it 
is very perfect. Dover at prefent confids of two parts, 
of nearly equal fize, connected by a long narrow fireet; 
the upper and mod ancient part is called the Town; the 
lower part, the Pier. Dover is one of the principal 
cinque-ports incorporated by Edward I. The charter 
endowed them with many and great privileges, equally 
conducive to national commerce and fecurity. Dover 
was anciently walled in, and had originally ten gates, a 
proof of its primitive opulence and fplendour ; it was fird 
fortified in 1525. Eadbropk-gate dood under the Ead 
ClilF, near Mansfield’s-corner. St. Helen’s-gate next the 
former, towards the fouth-wed. The Podern, or Fifher’s- 
gate, near the bridge. Butcher’s-gate, which opened to¬ 
wards the fouth. Snare-gate, towards the fouth-wed, .the 
feite of which (now called the Bench) was converted into 
a pavement for the merchants’- meeting ; and over it was 
the endom-houfe. Severus’s-gate, fouth-wed towards the 
pier, laid to have been built by the Roman emperor Se- 
verus. Adrian’s-gate, called Upwall, on the lower Ode 
of the hill, on the wed part, above the lad-mentioned 
gate. Common-gate, or Cow-gate, on the way leading to 
the common. St. Martin’s, called alfo Monk’s-gate, and 
Podern gate, leading towards the hill. Biggen-gate, which 
lad took its name from the Oreet which ends there : it was 
anciently called North-gate. 
The paflage from Dover to France being the neared 
and fafed from England,'■there was a law formerly, that 
none ihould go to the continent but from thence. Dover 
was in a flourifliing condition in the reign of Edward the 
ConfefTor, who made this town a body corporate, by the 
dile of mayor and commonalty, and the townfinen were 
called burgeffes; amongd whom the mayor chofe aflid- 
ants for the year, who, being fworn to faithful fervice, 
were called jurats; which.name and office is now com¬ 
mon to ail the cinque-ports, and fome of the towns their 
dependents. This charter was renewed in the reign of 
Edward III. The lad charter of Dover was granted by 
Charles II. There were formerly feven churches in this 
town ; but five of them have been long fince demoliflied. 
The two now exiding, are St. Mary the Virgin, and St. 
James’s. St. Mary’s was built by the prior and convent 
of St. Martin; and it may be worthy of notice, that the 
tower of this church was lately difeovered (in digging a 
vault) to have been built upon the remains of an ancient 
Roman bath. In this town was formerly a houfe belong¬ 
ing to the knights templars, before their fupprellion by 
Edward II. made memorable by being the place where 
king John made his difgraceful fubmilfion to the Roman 
pontid’, by fetting his feal to a deed, whereby he acknow¬ 
ledged himfelf to hold the crown of England of the pope. 
Dover cadle has been famous through many ages, and 
was formerly edeemed the lock and key of the whole 
kingdom ; it is very extendve, upwards of thirty-five 
acres are fuppofed to be contained within the walls. As 
it is frequently aderted in our old chronicles, and from 
them tranferibed into more general hidories, that Dover 
cadle was built by Julius Csefar, many who have vidted 
it have been fatisfied with this idle report; but the works 
dill remaining bear evident marks of its having been raifed 
in diderent and very didant periods of our hidory. The 
three leading chara 61 eridical parts of ground-plans and 
buildings are Roman, Saxon, and Norman. The fortifi¬ 
cations about the cadle underwent feveral material alte¬ 
rations in 1796. Of the new works, the mod ufeful part¬ 
is a battery of thirty-two-pounders, on a level with the 
water’s edge. From this battery, if necelfary, the men 
can retreat into the cadle, afeending by a perpendicular 
fhaft which has been made through the folid rock. Here 
the Romans, under Julius Caefar, attempted their fird 
landing; but they were frudrated, and obliged to fail 
about eight miles farther T towards the north ; and landed 
near the high ground where Richborough cadle was af¬ 
terwards built. 
Dover is incorporated by the name of the mayor, ju¬ 
rats, and commonalty, of the town and port of Dover; 
and fends two members to the imperial parliament. Here 
is a good free-fehool, edablidied in 1771, endowed by 
John Trevanion, efq. member for Dover, for fifty boys, 
the fons of freemen. There is alfo a charity-fchool for 
forty-five boys and thirty-five girls, fupported by volun¬ 
tary contribution. It lias a market every Wednefday and 
Saturday ; and one annual fair, which begins on the 22d 
of November, and continues three market-days. The 
packet-veflels with the mail fail condantiy from "this port 
for Calais and Oftend in time of peace. 
The jurifdidtion of the cinque-ports is veded in the 
condable of Dover cadle, who (hall not hold plea of any 
foreign county within the cadle gates, except it concern 
the keeping of the cadle; nor dull he didrain the inha¬ 
bitants 
