100 
DUB 
cidents, and lighted every night ; and, in the day 
time, a flag is conftantly hoifled from half flood to half 
ebb. In this city are twenty parifhes, and eighteen 
churches, fome chapels of eafe, belides the cathedral and 
collegiate church. Dublin is the fee of an archbifhop, 
ereded in the year 1152 ; it was a bifliopric in the fe- 
venth century, and, in 1214, the bifliopric of Glanda- 
lough, which was founded in the fixth century, was in¬ 
corporated with Dublin. The fee of Dublin has, there¬ 
fore, two cathedrals, both within the city : Chriflchurch, 
founded for regular canons, and converted into a collegiate 
church for a dean .and chapter by Henry VIII. in 1541 ; 
and St. Patrick, for thirteen, now twenty-two, prebenda¬ 
ries. The univerfity was fir ft projected in 1311, but did 
not flourifli till the reign of queen Elizabeth, who granted 
it a charter. James I. endowed it with large eftates in 
the province of Ulfter. Charles I. was like wile a bene¬ 
factor, and, in the year 1637, granted it a new charter and 
ftatutes. It conlifts of a chancellor, a vice-chancellor, 
provoA, vice-provolt, twenty-two fellows, and five royal 
profefl'orlhips of divinity, common law, civil law, phyfic, 
and Greek ; befides tlicfe, three others were founded by 
fir Patrick Dun, of phyfic, chirurgery, and pharmacy; 
there are likewife profeflbrfliips of mathematics, oriental 
languages, oratory, hiftory, and natural philofophy : the 
number of Undents is ufually about four hundred, includ¬ 
ing feventy on the foundation. Many other public build¬ 
ings and iaudable inllitutions decorate and dignify the 
ci,ty of Dublin. The cuftom-houfe is a magnificent 
ftrudure, It has four handfome fronts, all differing from 
each other; the fouth, next the river Liffey, is of Port¬ 
land ftone, in the centre of which is ereded a cupola, of 
very beautiful architecture, terminating upon the top by 
a finely fculptured figure of commerce leaning upon her 
bales and her anchor. Another elegant and well-con- 
ftruded pile, contains the courts of public juflice, or, as 
they are called, in Dublin, the fourcourts, i. e. the courtsof 
chancery, king’s-bench,common-pleas, and exchequer, all 
opening into a mod beautiful circular hall, richly deco¬ 
rated by architectural and Ituccoed ornaments, highly 
pidurefque and emblematic of thofe courts of juftice. 
The hall is covered by a dome, and above that rifes a 
cupola,which, from its defign, forms an external elevation, 
not only partially beautiful to the building, but generally 
beautiful to the tout cnfcmble of the whole city. This edi¬ 
fice is enriched with fome flatues, excellently fculptured ; 
the principal of which is a fine figure of Mofes, which 
ftands upon the top of the pediment, over a very chafte 
and beautiful inverted femi-circular colonnade, or portico, 
of a fancied order, nearly Corinthian, in the aft of pro¬ 
mulgating the law. Immediately attached to this build¬ 
ing, are all the fubordinate offices dependent upon and 
belonging to the refpedive courts. In Trinity college two 
beautiful buildings have lately been erected, each having 
a portico of columns in the Corinthian order. The one is 
an amphitheatre for public examinations, in which are 
fome excellent portraits of literary characters, painted 
by eminent artifts, fome by the late fir Jofliua Reynolds ; 
as alfo a very fine monument to the memory of the late 
cioftor Baldwin, formerly provolt of this univerfity, ex¬ 
ecuted in Italy, by an Irifli fculptor, Hewetfon ; it pof- 
fefles much animation, fpirit, and correCtnefs; the ex¬ 
pence was two thoufand guineas. The other building, 
w hich (tands diredly oppofite, and which is exaCtly fimi- 
lar externally, is a beautiful chapel. The library is fpa- 
cious, grand, and valuable, adorned with many bultos in 
white marble. Here is alfo what is called the anatomy- 
houfe, a molt curious and wonderful production of human 
ingenuity, of no lefs magnitude, labour, and fcience, than 
a cabinet of wax models, large as life, and coloured as in 
nature, reprefenting all the Itages of geftation, from con¬ 
ception to the birth of the child, molt exquilitely execut¬ 
ed, and long fanCtioned by the molt able profell’ors, as an 
unrivalled production of excellence and illultration. 
What is called the royal hofpital of Kilmainham, is a 
L I N. 
large, plain, brick building, forming a hollow fquare, 
finely elevated, at the weftern extremity of Dublin, amidft 
a well-planted piece of ground, inhabited by invalid of¬ 
ficers and foldiers; for whofe aid, together with a fmall 
penfion from the crown, it was eltablillied and founded, 
fimilar to Chelfea lmfpital. In a part of this building, 
is a commodious fuite of apartments, occupied by the 
commander in chief of tire army in Ireland (for tire time 
being), at which place the chief governor, or lord lieu¬ 
tenant, was frequency entertained. Another capital cha¬ 
rity is the Blue-coat hofpital, founded fur the maintenance 
and education of the fons of decayed free citizens of Dub¬ 
lin. Tire next hofpital which claims our notice is that 
inflituted for the relief of poor lying-in-women. It was 
founded by Dr. Mol's, and continues to be patronized by 
almoft every benevolent lady in Ireland (Dublin in par¬ 
ticular), as well as by the humane public. Tire number 
of women under this defeription relieved in this houfe, 
has been, in forty years, 37,615; and tire number of 
children born there iir that fpace of time, 38,291; viz. 
2o,oS2 boys, and 18,209 girls. Of thefe women', 667 had 
twins ; eleven had three, and one had four children at a 
birth. 
There are, befides, a great number of inferior charities 
in this capital ; but their external appearance does not 
claim the attention of travellers. There is, however, 
one whofe inftitution is very recent, and whofe growth has 
been wonderfully rapid, as if foftered by the providential 
and merciful dew of heaven. This is the orphan-houfe 
for defiitute female children, a receptacle of plain and 
humble architedure. This inftitution was opened upon 
the firft day of January 1790, in confequence of a truly 
pious and charitable woman, who, in the daily habit of 
feeking out wretchednefs for the purpofe of adminiftering 
relief, difeovered a number of deftitute infants, at differ¬ 
ent times, expofed to perifh in ditches and upon dung¬ 
hills. With her own private purfe fhe began to form an 
afylum againft fuch barbarity ; which was loon perfected 
by the humane public. Here are, befides thefe, fourteen 
other hofpitals, chiefly lupported by voluntary contri¬ 
butions. The churches in Du ’1 in (which has each its 
parochial fchool), exhibit no external beauty, nor yet 
much internal decoration. St. Patrick’s cathedral, from 
its antiquity, is worth invefligation ; and its fteeple is 
much loftier than any of the others. 
The city of Dublin lias been rapidly improving fince 
the union of the lifter kingdoms. Within the laft two 
years, there has been completed a very noble undertaking, 
namely, docks of great magnitude, erected by the com¬ 
pany of undertakers of the grand canal. The two, or ra¬ 
ther one great floating-dock, (there being no lock dividing 
them,) the only divifion being a drawbridge of a peculi¬ 
arly light, yet durable, conftrudion, is capable of con. 
tabling eight hundred fail of merchant-lhips, and give 
fufficient fpace for each to carry on their trade with am¬ 
ple room there are befides attached 10 this dock, three 
graving docks for building or repairing fhipping ; the di- 
menfionsof the largeft is 180 feet long by fixtyfeet wide ; 
and they appear to be built upon the fame improved con- 
ftrudtion as that of the great dock at Portfmouth, finiftied 
about the year 1795. The walls which inclofe, or, in 
other words, the embankments of thefe docks, are built 
in the 1110ft perfed and durable manner, and refled: infi¬ 
nite honour upon the fpirit of the grand canal company 
of Dublin. That inland navigation is now fo fur com¬ 
pleted, as to form a perfed water-carriage from St. 
George’s Channel, or the Irifli Sea, on the eaftern fide of 
Dublin, into the river Shannon, which empties itfelf in¬ 
to the Atlantic Ocean at the weftern fide of Ireland, and 
thus completely interfeds the whole kingdom through 
its centre. Thefe docks were opened, upon the 23d of 
April, 1796, (being St. George’s day,) with much pomp 
and ceremony. 
The general appearance of the city of Dubli; , is ex¬ 
tremely beautiful, from the number of publifybuildings, 
& c. 
