D U M 
»( Jan Tenuis, publifhed in 1702, in three volumes nms, 
This work lias been attributed to the celebrated father 
Tellier ; bat is diftinguifhed by greater temper and mo¬ 
deration than are difpluyed in any known writings of that 
jefuit. Abbe Dumas was alfo the author of a tranflation 
cf Thomas a Kempis’s treatile On the Imitation of Jefus 
Clirid, and other pieces, in lefs eftimation th in his liidory. 
DU'MARING, a town of the idand of Borneo, on 
the eaff coaft. Lat. 2. 10 N. Ion. 117. 30. E. Greenwich. 
DUMB, adj. [pi7, he was filent; dumbs, Gothic; 
buirtbe, Saxon ; dum, Danifh ; dom, Dutch, dull. ] Mute; 
incapable of fpeech. See the article Deaf and Dumb, 
vol.v. p.627.—It hath pleafed himfelf f'ometime to un- 
loofe the very tongues even of dumb creatures, and to 
teach them to plead in their own defence, left the cruelty 
of man Ihould perfid to afflifl them. Hooker. 
They fpake not a word ; 
But like dumb datues, or unbreathing Hones, 
Star’d each on other. Shahefpeare. 
Depriv’d of fpeech.—Some pofitive terms fignify a nega¬ 
tive idea : blind implies a privation of light, dumb a de¬ 
nial of fpeech. Watts. 
They fung no more, or only fung bis fame ; 
Struck dumb, they all admir’d the godlike man. Dryden. 
Mute ; not ufing words.—Nothing is more common than 
for lovers to complain, relent, languid), defpair, and die 
in dumb diew. Addijon. 
Her humble gelhires made the refidue plain, 
Dumb eloquence perfuading more than fpeech. Rofcomm. 
Silent; refudng to fpeak : 
The good old feer withdood 
Th’ intended treafon, and was dumb to blood ; 
Till tir’d with endlefs clamours, and purfuit 
Of Ithacus, he Hood no longer mute. Dryden. 
To DUMB, v.a. To filence.—Deep clerks die dumbs. 
Pericles. 
“ As Dumb as a fidi.”—A proverb founded on a fup- 
pofition that lifh are mute and emit no found, the contrary 
of which has been abundantly proved by modern ichthy- 
ologids. The Latins fay : Magis mutus quam pifeis. The 
Gr. ’Atpuno ToTEp©^ TUV lysdvwv. The Fr. Muct comme un 
poijfon. 
DUMB-DISCOUR'SIVE, adj. Silently pleading: 
There lurks a dill and dumb-difeourfroe devil. 
That tempts mod cunningly. Shahefpeare. 
DUMBAR'TON, or Lenox, a county of Scotland, 
bounded on the north by the counties of Argyle and Perth, 
on the ead by the counlies of Perth and Stirling, on the 
fouth by Lanerklhire and Renfrewdiire, and on the wed 
by Argylefhire, from which it is for the mod part divided 
by Loch Long, in the form of a crefcent, the horns lying 
north and fouth, and the concave fide to the ead ; about 
forty-five miles in length, and from fix to fifteen in 
breadth. The eadern part is fertile in corn, the other 
parts feed great flocks of fheep; hut the principal riches 
arife from the fifheries in the lochs in and about its coads. 
Loch Lomond, Loch Long, and Loch Garte are the chief; 
the principal town is Dumbarton. It fends one member 
to the imperial parliament. 
DUMBAR'TON, a town of Scotland, and capital of 
Dumbartondiire, fituated on the north coad of the Clyde, 
at the mouth of the Leven. It is ancient, large, but not 
well built, and defended by a cadle, fituated dole to the 
river, on a vad rock, formerly deemed impregnable, and 
now the refidence of a garrifon. There is in this town a 
confiderable crown and bottle glafs manufactory, which 
employs upwards of one hundred hands. Extenlive 
print-fields in the neighbouring pariflies alfo employ fome 
of the inhabitants of Dumbarton. This town was erected 
into a royal burgh by king Alexander II. in 1221 ; it has 
a good harbour, w here large brigs lie fafe in all weathers. 
D U M 115 
About two thoufand tons of (hipping belong to this place, 
which employ many feamen. The town is entirely free 
cf all impods, or borough taxes; Lur is by no means in 
a flouridling or increafing d ite, owing to the letters of 
deaconry preventing drangers from working at their trades 
without codly entries ; the number of fouls is about two 
thoufand : thirteen miles wed of Glafgow, and eight 
north-wed of Paifley. Lat. 55. 58. N. Ion. 1. 27. W. of 
Edinburgh. 
DUMBLA'NE, a town of Scotland, in the county of 
Perth, formerly the fee of a bilhop, founded by David I. 
part of the cathedral, which yet remains, feives for a pa- 
rifh church. In 1715, a battle was fought near this town, 
between the troops of George I. under the command of 
the duke of Argyle, and the troops of the chevalier 
prince Charles, under the command of 1 1 1 e earl of Mar. 
About five hundred were killed on each fide, but the 
victory was doubtful : font miles north of Stirling, and 
twenty-one fouth-wed of Perth. 
DUMB'LY, adv. Mutely; filently ; without words. 
DUMB'NESS, J. Incapacity to fpeak. Omiffion of 
fpeech; mutenefs.—There was fpeec-h in their dumbnejs, 
language in their very gedure: they looked as they had 
heard of a world ranfomed, or one deftroyed. Shakejpeare. 
Refufal to fpeak ; filence : 
•Tis love, fai J (lie ; and then my downcad eyes, 
And guilty dumbnejs, witnefs’d my furprize. Dryden. 
Dumbnefs, or a total defect of fpeech, is the natural con- 
fequence ofdeafnefs from infancy; and is the cattfe of 
that want of intelligence or inexpanfion of the reafoning 
faculty, obfervable in perfons who grow up in it. Lan¬ 
guage is not merely the expreflion ot thought, it is alio 
the medium of thinking : without which man would 
fcarcely be a rational being. Under the article Deaf 
and Dumb, vol. v. p. 627, we have dated various me¬ 
thods adopted by different perfons for teaching fuch un¬ 
fortunate perfons to fpeak and read. And we there no¬ 
ticed a new and benevolent inflitution on a large fcale, 
the Asylum, founded in 1792, at Bermondfey near Lon¬ 
don, for the fup'port and education of the deaf and dumb 
children of the poor, who are admitted from nine years 
of age till fourteen. The modes of indruction adopted 
on this occalion, iiave been kindly communicated to us 
by Mr. Watfon, mader and teacher in the above inditu- 
tion ; the principles of which we fliall prelent to our 
readers in his own words. 
“ Sight, the moft noble and refined of all the exterml 
fenfes, is not only of infinite importance for the correct 
notions with which it furnifhes us of things from with¬ 
out, but is alfo, in a great meafure, capable, as far as 
language is concerned, of fupplying the place of hearing , 
the fenfe next to it in refinement and importance, by ad¬ 
mitting, as that fenfe does, of arbitrary figns affociable 
in the underdanding, with the impr (lions tranfmitted, 
through its own medium, or the medium ot the other 
fenfes to the fenforium, by external objects, or, with the 
operations of the mind itfelf. Hence words, which are 
the figns alluded to, are objedhs either of the eye or ear-, 
for they are either vifible charablrs or audible founds, and 
derive their fignification in either cafe from being affoci- 
ated or linked with cur fenfations, or our ideas, by which 
fort of connection the one fuggefts the other. 
Children who hear, fird learn the meaning of a word in 
this way, i. e. by hearing it frequently applied to Come 
perfon or thing which had already attracted their notice; 
and then, by imitation, learn to fpeak it. Thus it be¬ 
comes, as it were, a part of themfelves, and enlarges the 
fphere of their conceptions ; and, by tiling it at g.leafure, 
they difeover that they have not only the ready means.of 
railing images in their own minds, hut alfo in the min is 
of others. One dep leads on to another, and the- confi¬ 
dence and exertion of the little learners increale with 
their fuccefs ; till they can imitate, aimed, any articula¬ 
tion as foon as they hear it. This is a lhea lketch of the 
natural 
