D U N 
D U P 
conquer the greateft part of England north of the Thames; 
and on the death of Edvvy, which took place in a fhort 
time afterwards, to become mailer of the whole of his 
dominions. No fooner was Edgar in pofl'eflion of kingly 
power, than he recalled Dunltan, and promoted him to 
the fee oPWorcefter. Some time afterwards he inverted 
him with the management of the bifhopric of London; 
and upon a vacancy taking place in the archiepifcopal fee 
of Canterbury, about the year 959, procured his election 
to that dignity. As, however, there were circumrtances 
attending his eleftion which rendered it not perfectly 
canonical, Dunftan was lent to Rome, to receive the 
fanftion of the pope to his appointment, and to be in¬ 
verted there with the pall. The pope, who was fully 
apprifed of his influence at the court of Edgar, and fatis- 
fied with the proofs which he had given of his devotion 
to the interefts of the church of Rome, and his zeal in 
the caufe of the monks, readily confirmed his election, 
and conftituted him his legate in England. Armed with 
this power, he returned to his native country, where the 
king committed to him and his chofen friends the ma¬ 
nagement of all the ecclefiaftical affairs of England, and 
thus enabled him to give to the Rornilh fee an authority 
and jurifdiftion of which the Englifh clergy had been 
before in a conliderable degree independent. The mea- 
fures to which he had recourfe for this purpofe were, 
his former practice of placing monks in the vacant eccle- 
flartical benefices, in the room of the fecular clergy, and 
the ejection of many of the latter from their livings, in 
order that lie might beftow them on his tried adherents. 
Among, his pretences for thefe meafures he alleged the 
fcandalous lives of the fecular clergy, of which there was 
too much reafon for complaint, and the opportunity that 
would be afforded of introducing a reformation into the 
church, by placing it under the government of men who 
by their profeflion were folely devoted to objefts of fpi- 
ritual concern. But one principal motive which influ¬ 
enced him was, that of rendering the papal power para¬ 
mount and ablolute in the Englifh church ; for it fhould 
be mentioned that, at this period, the Englifh clergy had 
not yielded implicit fubmiflion to the pretended fucceffors 
of St. Peter. For thefe fervices the church of Rome and 
the monks have been unbounded in the commendations 
which they have bellowed upon Dunftan; and they have 
invented tales of numerous miracles faid to have been 
wrought by him, or in his favour, in order to raife the 
opinion of the excellence and fanftity of his character. 
Dunftan maintained his interefl at court during the whole 
of the reign of Edgar; and on the death of that prince, 
in 975, by his influence raifed his fon Edward to the 
throne, in oppofition to the wiflies of many of the nobles, 
who were inclined to choofe his fun Ethelred. As Ed¬ 
ward was in his minority, Dunftan affumed to himfelf 
the regency of the kingdom, and afted with uncontrolled 
authority in church and (late, until the murder of the 
king, in 979. On that event, Ethelred, who was the 
only furviving prince of the royal family, was called to 
the throne, and crowned by the legate. Under the reign 
of this prince, Dunftan appears to have enjoyed little 
credit or influence ; and he is reported to have been fo 
much mortified by the contempt in which his threalen- 
ings of divine vengeance were held by the king, in the 
inflance of a difpute refpedting the privileges of the 
church, that he retired to his archbilhopric, where he 
died of grief and vexation in the year 988. 
DUNS'TANG, a town of Lithuania, in the palatinate 
of Wilna : twenty-eight miles north-eafl of Wilkomierz. 
DUNS'TER, a fmall market-town in Somerfetlhire, 
fituated about two miles fouth-eaft of Minehead, twenty 
from Taunton, and 164 from London ; formerly a borough, 
and of conflderable trade in the clothing branch ; but its 
only manufacture now is kerleys. The church, which is 
large, with a handfome tower, was built in the reign of 
Henry VII. Adjacent to the town (lands on an eminence, 
that ancient and delightful feat, Dunlter-caftle, the reft-. 
2 
dence of Ralph lord Mohun, in the reign of William the 
Conqueror, being then one of the fix great baronies, in 
which family it remained for feveral centuries. The 
caftle confiftsof two wings and three towers, commanding 
a fine profpect of a vale bounded by the Severn. The 
market is on Fridays, and one fair on Whit-Monday. 
DU'NUM, f. A Celtic term, denoting a hill or emi¬ 
nence, and which often concurs to form the names of 
towns, to (ignify their high fituation, places of ftrength 
or citadels, hills or eminences, &c. See Dun. 
DU'NUM, anciently a town of Ireland; now thought 
to be Down-Patrick, in the county of Down. 
DUN'WICH, an ancient town in the county of Suffolk, 
fituated on the fea coaft, ninety-eight miles from London, 
eleven north-eaft of Saxmundham, and four fouth-eaft of 
Blythburgh. Its (cite is extremely pleafant, having an 
extenfive view of the German ocean. Tills place however 
is greatly reduced by the encroachment of the fea, feven 
of its parifhes out of eight having been deftroyed : and the 
encroachment ftill making, will probably in a few years 
oblige the conftituent body to betake themfelves to a boat, 
whenever the king’s writ (hall fummon them to the exer- 
cife of their elective funftions ; for the right of eleftion 
is in the freemen, inhabiting within the remains of the bo¬ 
rough. It fent members ab origine. The corporation con- 
fifts of two bailiffs, and twelve capital burgeffes. Dun- 
wich, though now a poor place, is of the moft early note 
of any town in Suffolk. In 630 it was an epifcopal fee, 
afterwards divided into two fees, namely, one here, the 
other at North-Elmham; but William the Conqueror 
transferred them firft to Thetford, then to Norwich. From 
the coins, 8 c c. found here, particularly an urn dug out of 
the cliff in 1786, with fragments of other urns, it is (up- 
pofed to have been a Roman ftation ; but, though fir Henry 
Spelman mentions a report that here was once fifty-two 
churches and monafteries, yet the fea has (wallowed up 
all except All-Saints. In the (ixteenth century it was a 
populous place, and had a mint. The free-burgeffes 
gave king John 300 marks of filver for his charter, be- 
lides ten falcons and five gerfalcons ; and they alfo gave 
him 200 marks and 500 eels for the grant of wrecks. The 
remains of the above-mentioned church, an old chapel, 
and an old palace, are the only marks now left of its 
former greatnefs. Here is one fair on the 23th of July ; 
and a market on Saturdays. 
DU'O, f. in mufic, a long or compofition, to be per¬ 
formed on two parts only, one fung, the other played on 
an inftrument, or by two voices. Duo is likewife wdien 
two voices Ting different parts, as accompanied with a 
third, which is a thorough bufs. It is feldom that uni- 
fons and oftaves are ufed in duos, except at the begin¬ 
ning and end. 
DUODE'CIMAL, adj. Belonging to crofs-multipli- 
cation. 
DUODE'CIMALS, f. The rule of crofs-multiplica- 
tion, by which builders’ work is calculated. See Arith¬ 
metic, vol. ii. p. 181. 
DUODE'CIMO, adj. [ duodccimus , Lat.] Belonging to 
the number twelve. 
DUODE'CIMO, f. A book in which one flieet is fo 
folded as to make twelve leaves, or twenty-four pages. 
DUODE'CUPLE, adj. [r/jnrand decuplus, Lat,.] Con¬ 
fiding of twelves.—Grifepfius, a learned Poiander, en¬ 
deavours to eftablifh the duodecuple proportion among the 
Jews, by comparing fome paffages of fcripture together. 
Arbuthnot. 
DUODE'NA,yi in old records, a jury of twelve men. 
DUODE'NUM, [from duodemts, Lat. confiding of 
twelve,. J An inteftine fo named, becaufe it was fuppofed : 
not to exceed the breadth of twelve fingers ; but as the 
ancients dilfeCted only animals, this is probably not very 
ex aft. See the article Anatomy, vol. i. p. 613. 
To DUP, v. a. To do up : thence to open by lifting 
up any thing.—Will they not duj the gate to-day ? Da¬ 
mon and Pythias. 
Their- 
