D U R 
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The dureful oak, whole fap is not yet dry’d, 
Is long ere it conceive the kindling fire ; 
But when it once doth burn, it doth divide 
Great heat, and makes his flames to heaven afpire. Spenf. 
DU'RELESS, adj. Without continuance; fading; tran- 
fitory; fnort. Notinvfe .—Yet were that aptitude natu¬ 
ral, more inclinable to follow and embrace the falfe and 
durekfs pleafures of this ftage-play world, than to become 
the Shadow of God. Raleigh. 
DURELL' (John), a learned divine of the church of 
England in the feventeenth century, born at St. Heller’s, 
in the ifle of Jerfey, in 1626. He was entered at Merton 
college, Oxford, in 1640, and continued there two years, 
When the interruptions arifing from that city’s being made 
a garrifon during the civil wars, induced him to retire 
into France, and to become a member of the Sylvanian 
college at Caen in Normandy. At that place he took the 
degree of matter of arts in 1644. Afterwards he aflidu- 
oufly applied hintfelf to the ftudy of divinity at Saumur, 
under the celebrated Mofes Amyrault, profeffor of theo¬ 
logy in that proteflant univeffity j and, in 1647, returned 
to his native country, where he remained for fome time 
among his relations. Upon’the refloration of Charles II. 
he came to England, and was instrumental in procuring 
the eftablifliment of the new epifcopal French church at 
the Savoy, London, in which he firft preached in 1661, 
and continued to officiate there for fome years with great 
.acceptability and applaufe. In 1663 he was made a pre¬ 
bendary in the cathedral church of Salifbury ; and in 
the following year was appointed.to a canonry of Wind- 
for. In 1668 he was installed into the fourth prebend of 
Durham, and was befides prefeiVted with a rich donative. 
In 1669-70 he was created dobtor in divinity by the uni¬ 
veffity of Oxford ; which was fucceeded by a prefentation 
•from the crown to the deanery of Windfor in 1667, and 
to the valuable living of Witney in Oxfordthirei He 
died in 1683, in the 58th year of his age. Dr. Durell 
publiflted, among other things, 1. Theoreinata Philofnphia 
ratioraiis , moralis, naturalis, &fupernaturalis, &c. 4(0. 1664. 
2. A French and Latin Translation of the Common- 
Prayer Book, upon the Review of it at tiie Refloration. 
.3. The Liturgy of the Church of England aflerted, in a 
Sermon, preached (in French) at the Chapel of the Sa¬ 
voy, and tranflated into Englifh, 4to. 1662. 4. A View 
of the Government and Public Worfnip of God in the 
.Reformed Churches of England, 410. 1662; and 5. A 
Vindication of the Church of England againfl the unjuft 
Accufations of the Schifmatics, 4to. 1669. 
DURELL' (David), a learned divine of the church of 
England, born in the i ft and of Jerfey in 1728. After 
palling through the ufual courfe of grammar learning, he 
was entered of Pembroke college, Oxford, where he took 
his degree of matter .of arts in 1753. Being afterwards 
chofen a fellow of Hertford coliege, he removed thither, 
and became principal of the lame on the refignation of 
Dr. William Sharpe, in 1757. In 1760, Mr. Durell was 
admitted to the degree of bachelor in divinity; and in 
1764, to that of debtor in the fame faculty. In the year 
before that in which he took his laft degree he published, 
his firft learned work, entitled The Hebrew Texts of the 
parallel Prophecies of Jacob and Mofes relating to the 
Twelve Tribes, with a Tranflation and Notes, and the 
various Sections of near forty Manufcripts, to which are 
added the Samaritan-Arabic Verfion of thofe paflages, 
and part of another Arabic Vertion, made from the Sama¬ 
ritan Text; a Map of the Land of Promife; and an Ap¬ 
pendix, containing four differtations on points connebted 
with the fubjebt of thefe prophecies, ato. In this work, 
the author’s proficiency in orient d literature, and his abi¬ 
lities and judgment in elucidating the fenfe of the Sacred 
Scriptures, were difplayed in a manner that reflected great 
honour on his talents and induivry, and railed high the 
expectations which were formed of his future fervices in 
the province of biblical criticifm. In 1767 Dr. Durell 
was appointed to a prebend in the metropolitan church 
D U R 
of Canterbury, which, excepting his prefentation to the 
vicarage of Tycehurft in Sulfex, was the laft preferment 
that he lived to receive. In 1772 he again gratified the 
theological world by the publication of fome learned and 
valuable Critical Remarks on the Books of Job, P.falms, 
Ecclefiaftes, and Canticles, in 4to. after which lie died in 
1775, only in the 48th year of his age. 
DU'REN. See Dueren. 
DU'RER (Albert), a painter of diftinguiftied genius, 
born at Nuremberg in 1471, the foil of a goldfmit.ii of 
that city. I-Iis father wiihed to bring him up to his own 
profeflion, but his decided inclination for painting pre¬ 
vailed, and he was entered as a pupil of Michael Wolge- 
muth. He alfo received inftruction in engraving; and 
he was Well verled in the collateral ftudies of geometry, 
anatomy, and architeblure. For improvement he tra¬ 
velled through Germany, Flanders, and the Venetian 
Hates ; but he had not the advantage of ftudying the 
choice remains of ancient art in Rome and Florence, and 
his ftyle never ceafed to indicate this deficiency. He fol¬ 
lowed no particular model, but formed a manner for him- 
felf. His imagination was fertile, his composition grand, 
his drawing correbt, his execution delicate and finillied, 
but he wanted grace, and retained fomevvhat of the Gothic 
hardnefs. He was alfo negligent of the coftume, and in¬ 
troduced German dreffes and figures on all occafions. 
His works acquired him great diftindtion, and he podefied 
the favour of the emperors Maximilian, Charles V. and 
Ferdinand. He was alfo well known to the learned ; and 
Erafmus has mentioned him with honour. He was him- 
felf a writer, and publifhecl valuable works on geometry, 
perfpebtive, fortification, and the proportions of the hu¬ 
man body. The Italians esteemed him, and improved by 
him, and Raphael interchanged portraits with him. He 
was a member of tile council of Nuremberg, where he 
died in 1528. His principal works are in the different 
cabinets of Germany, and at his native city. A bearing - 
of tire crofs, in which he lias introduced portraits of the 
fenators of Nuremberg, is much admired ; as likewife 
the firft battle of Alexander and Darius, a piece of moft 
finifhed execution Albert Dtirer was alfo an excellent 
engraver, and is more known by his prints than his pic¬ 
tures. Several of thefe were copied by Marc-Antonio 
of Venice, who counterfeited his name, an injury of which 
lie complained to the Venetian fenate. 
DU'RESS, f. [ dureffe , Fr. durities, Lat. conftraint.] Im- 
prifonment 5 feverity ; compulfion. In law, whatever is 
done witli a view to fave either life or limb, is confidered 
as done by the higlieft neceflity and compulfion. There¬ 
fore if a man through fear of death or mayhem is pre¬ 
vailed upon to execute a deed, or do any other abb, 
thefe, though accompanied with all requifite Solemnities-, 
may be afterwards avoided, if forced upon him by a w ell- 
grounded apprehenfion of lofing his life, or even his limb, 
in cafe of non-compliance. 2 ln/ 1 . 483. And the fame is 
alfo a fufficient excufe for the com mi Hi on of many mif- 
demeanors. The conftraint a man may be under in thefe 
circumftances, is of two forts, dure/s of imprijbnment, where 
a man actually lofes his liberty ; and durefs per minds, (by 
.threats,) where the hard Hi i p is only threatened and im¬ 
pending. If a man be" under durefs of imprisonment, or 
illegal reftraint of liberty, until he feals a bond, he may 
allege this durefs, and avoid the extorted bond. But 
if a man be lawfully iinprifoned, and either to procure 
his difeharge, or on any other fair account, feals a bond 
or deed, this is not by durefs of imprisonment, and lie 
is not at liberty to avoid it. 2 Injl. 4S2. Durefs per mi- 
nas, is either for fear of lofs of life, or elfe for fear of 
mayhem, or lofe of limb. And this ffear muft be upon 
fufficient reafon. A fear of battery, (or being beaten,) 
though never So well grounded, is no durefs ; neither is 
the fear of having one’s houfe burned, or one’s goods 
taken away and deftroyed ; becaufe in thefe cafes, (hould 
the threat be performed, a man may have fatisfaction by 
recovering equivalent damages; but no luitable atone 
4 m'enfc 
