]J6 D U V 
and furrounded with charts, lie was fuddenly accofted 
by the young princes of Lorraine, Leopold, Clement, 
and Francis, afterwards the emperor Francis I. who had 
been out on a hunting excurfion, and loft their way. 
Through their munificence the young literary peafant 
was removed to the Jefuits’ college at Pont-a-Mouffon ; 
and thus Duval, at the age of twenty-two, left the 
hermitage in which he had redded four years. His 
ardent paflion for ftudy, animated by a defire to anfwer 
the expectation of his generous patrons, made him re¬ 
double his diligence. He applied chiefly to hiftory, 
geography, and antiquities, until at length duke Leopold 
appointed him his librarian, and profeflbr of hiftory in 
the high fchool. Though he had his lodging and table 
at court, he lived in a ftate of perfedt freedom. His 
leftures on hiftory and antiquities were received with 
great approbation, and attended by many Engliflimen of 
diftindtion, then at the court of Luneville, invited thither 
by Duval’s high reputation. The great liberality he 
experienced from molt of his fcholars, and his habitual 
economy, foon enabled him to give a public teftimony of 
his gratitude to the hermits of St. Anne, which confifted 
of an elegant houfe, built of ftone, with a chapel, and 
a large tradt of land. In 1738, when duke Leopold died, 
and the well-known change took place in regard to 
Lorraine, Duval removed to Florence, and became 
keeper of the ducal library, which had been tranfported 
thither from Luneville. Numifmatics were one of his 
favourite purfuits, and excited in him a defire to colledt 
ancient coins. While engaged in this plan, the emperor 
Francis I. formed a refolution of eftabliftiing a cabinet 
of ancient and modern coins at Vienna, and of combining 
with it a colledlion of all the coins current in every part 
of the world. For this purpofe he invited Duval to 
that capital, and entrufted him with the infpection and 
arrangement of his new cabinet. A houfe was alfigned 
to him in the imperial quarter near the palace, and lie 
generally dined at the emperor’s table once a-week. By 
the air of a court, however, his difpolition was in no 
manner corrupted; truth and fincerity ftill continued to 
be the diftinguifhing features of his character; and in 
1751 he was appointed bub-preceptor to Jofeph II. 
During a tour which he made to Paris in 1752, he re- 
bolvcd to convert the cottage in which he had been born 
into a neat ftone building, and to allign it for ever as a 
habitation for the pariih fchoolmafter. He alfo caufed < 
wells to be dug at his own expence, as the village was 
very ill fupplied with water. Duval remained free from 
the infirmities of age till his feventy-ninth year, and died 
in 1775, in the 81 ft year of his age. It may be faid, 
without exaggeration, that he was one of thofe extra¬ 
ordinary men who fometimes appear in the world, and 
who, notwithftanding the difadvantages of low birth, 
and every other obftacle, emerge from obfcurity by the 
natural force of genius. After his death, M. de Koch, 
fecretary of legation at Peterfburgh, colledted and pub- 
1 i(lied his works, which one cannot read, tyid particularly 
the account of his life, written by himfelf, without 
entertaining great efteenl and attention for the benevolent 
and candid author. They are entitled, Oeuvres de 
Valentin Jurncray Duval, prece'de'es dcs Mcmoircs fur fa Vie, 
Avecfigures. 2 vols. 1784-8. 
DUVAL' (Andrew), a native of Pontoife, admitted 
a d'odtor of the Sorbonne in 1594, and the firft profeflbr 
of the new theological fchool, eftablifhed by Henry IV. 
in 1596- He died in 1638, at the age of feventy-four 
years, when he was the fenior member of the college, 
and dean of the faculty of theology at Paris. He was a 
flrong advocate for what were called the ultramontane 
principles, which were intended to bind the French 
clergy in a clofe and fubmiflive dependence on the court 
of Rome. Influenced by thebe principles, he proved a 
bitter perfecutor of the celebrated Edmund Richer, 
who was a fpirited opponent of the unbounded eccle- 
ialtical and political power which the popes aflumed, 
4 
DUX 
and wrote againft him a Work, entitled, ElauJius Libtlli 
de ccclefafica & politka potefate. He alfo wrote another 
work, entitled, De Suprcma Romani Pmtifcis in Ecclfiam 
potefate, 4to. 1614; a treatife againft the pi oteftant minifter 
Du Moulin, with this ftrange title, The Fire of Elias to 
dry up the Waters of Siloah, 1603; Commentaries on 
the Theology of St. Thomas Aq’uinas, 2 vols. folio, 1636. 
DUVAL' (Peter), geographer-royal in France, born- 
at Abbeville. He was the nephew of the famous 
geographer Sanfon, and taught the bcience in which his 
unde excelled, with confiderable fuccels. He died at 
Paris in 1683, at fixty-five years of age. He was the 
author of various geographical "treatifes, charts, and 
maps, now moftly buperfeded by later and more accurate 
works of the fame kind. That which ftill.maintains its 
reputation, bears the title of La Geographic Fran fife,, 
con tenant les Dcfcripticns, les Cartes, £3 ties Blafcns, de France , 
£?c. He alfo publiflied borne ufeful chronological tables, 
and borne articles in genealogy and heraldry, in qto. 
and 12tno. 
DUUMVI'R ATE, f. the office or dignity of the du¬ 
umviri. 
DUUMVI'RI, f two noble -patricians at Rome, firft 
appointed by Tarquin to keep, the Sibylline books,which, 
were fuppobed to contain the fate of the Roman empire.- 
Thefe facred books Were placed in the capitol, and 
fecured in a cheft under the ground. They were con. 
fulted but feldom, and only by an order of the fenate, 
when the armies had been defeated in war, or when 
Rome feemed to be threatened by an invafion, or by 
fee ret feditions. Thefe priefts continued in their original 
inftitution till the year of Rome 38S, when a law was 
propobed by the tribunes to increafe the number to ten, 
to be chuben promifeuoufly from patrician and plebeian 
families. They were from their number called Decem¬ 
viri, and fome time after Sylla increafed them ,to fifteen, 
known by the name of Qtiindecemviri.—There were albo 
certain magiftrates at Rome, called Duumviriperduelliones 
five capitalcs. They were firft created by Tullus Hoftilius, 
for trying fuch as were accufed &f treafon. This office 
was abolifhed as unneceflary, but Cicero complains of 
their revival by Labienus the tribune. Some of the- 
commanders of the Roman veflels were albo called 
Duumviri, ebpecially when there were two together. 
They were firft created in the year of Rome, 542. There 
were alfo in the municipal towns in the provinces, two 
magiftrates, called Duumviri municipals. They were 
chofen from the centurions, and their office was fimifar 
to that of the two conbuls at Rome. They were botne- 
times preceded by two iitborS with the fabces. Their 
magiftracy continued for five years, on which account 
they have been called' Quinquennaks magifratus. 
DUX, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Leitmeritz ; 
fifteen miles weft-north-weft of Leitmeritz. 
DUX'BOROUGH, a maritime townfhip of the Ame¬ 
rican States, in Plymouth county, Maffacliufetts, in¬ 
corporated in 1637. It is a healthy town, abounding 
in maritime veflels, and contains about 1460 inhabitants.. 
It lies fouth by eaft of Plymouth, three miles acrobs 
Plymouth bay by water, and eight round by land, and 
thirty-eight fouth eaft by fouth of Bofton. Within the 
harbour* are Clarke’s ifland, confiding of about one 
hundred acres of excellent land, and Sauquifli ifland, 
which was formerly joined to the Gurnet, by a narrow 
piece of band ; but the water has infulated it. The 
Gurnet is an eminence at the bout hern extremity of 
the beach, on.which is a light-houfe, built by the ftate. 
The Indian name of the town was Matiakeefet, or Na- 
makeefet. It was fettled by Capt. Standiftv and his 
aflbeiates, in 1620. 
DUX'BURY, a townfhip of the American States, 
in Hillfborough county, .New Hampffiire,. incorporated 
in 1763; firft called Dantzick, and joined with Sutton 
in the enumeration of 1775. 
DUX'BURY, a townfhip of the American States, in 
Chittenden 
