165 
D Y 
waft) them off through warm water and (cap, and dry tliem. 
To dye a permanent nmd, dove, or drab colour.—I 
take half a pint of aqua-fortis, and half a pint of clear 
water, in which I diffolve one ounce of fal-ammoniac, 
and mix them together, to which I add, by degrees, two 
ounces of (liver; then 1 take, of the gall liquor, or tea, 
prepared as for the other colours, or diluted with water, 
according to the fulnefs of colour I with to dye, twenty 
parts tQ one of the above fpirits, and mix them together 
with a few drops of copperas water, or oil of vitriol, killed 
with iron and water. I work the goods through this li¬ 
quor, then dry them, after which I rince them through 
ftroitg. American pot or pearl-afhes or leys, or from leys 
madeTf lime, or lime and allies mixed together; after 
which I wafli them well in water, and dry them. 
Another way to dye the above colours.—I take half a 
pint of aqua-fortis, and put to it half a pint of water, to 
which I add two ounces of quickfilver; then I take from 
ten to twenty parts of the gall liquor, prepared as for 
the other colours, to one part of the above fpirits, adding 
to it a few drops of copperas water, or oil of vitriol, killed 
with iron and water, or aqua-fortis, killed with common 
tin or iron. I work the goods through this liquor, then 
dry them : after which. I rince them through American 
pot or pearl-afh leys, or lime leys, or through leys made 
from lime and allies mixed ; after which I walh them 
well through clear water, and dry them. 
Another method of dying the abovefaid mud, dove, or 
drab, colours, upon cotton, or goods made of cotton, li¬ 
nen, woollen, or (ilk.—I take half a pint of oil of vitriol, 
and add to it half a pint of water, in which I mix, by de¬ 
grees, one pound of common fait, and half a pound of 
manganefe ; then I take gall liquor, prepared as before 
for the other colours, five parts to one of the above fpi¬ 
rits, or more or lefs, according to the colour I want to 
dye ; then I add to ten or twelve parts of the above li¬ 
quor, mixed, one part of theaqua-fortis, killed with (liver, 
as before (fated, or three parts of that killed with quick¬ 
filver, or in proportion as I want it for ftrength or fulnefs 
of colour. I work the goods through this liquor, then 
dry them : after which I rince them in American pot or 
pearl-afhes, or leys made from lime, or lime and afhes 
mixed together; then I wafh them well, and dry them. 
To dye a permanent brown colour on cotton, or goods 
made of cotton, linen, woollen, or (ilk.—I pafs the goods 
through the gall liquor, prepared as for the other colours, 
or I dilute it with water, according to the colour I want 
to dye ; then I run them through the fpirits made from 
oil pf vitriol, common fait, and the manganefe, as (fated 
before ; after which I pafs them through ftrong afit leys, 
and then through a (lender liquor, made from the oxyge¬ 
nated muriatic acid, di(filled front fpirit of falts, manga¬ 
nefe, and afhes, or from oil of vitriol, common fait, and 
manganefe ; after which h wafh them well through clear 
water, and dry them.'’ 
Another ingenious invention is that of Mr. Samuel 
Gratrix, of Hulvne, near Manchefter, which confifts in a 
new method of dying and (faining colours upon cotton 
cloth, linen cloth, and cotton and linen cloth mixed. 
For this invention a patent was obtained, dated July 1,7, 
1799 ; the procefs is as follows, in the words of the pa¬ 
tentee. “ I the faid Samuel Gratrix do declare, that my 
new-invented method of dying and (faining different co¬ 
lours upon cotton cloth, linen cloth, and cotton and linen 
cloth mixed, is performed in the manner following ; that 
is to fay : To dye a black upon cotton cloth, linen cloth, 
and cotton and linen cloth mixed, I take tar, iron liquor 
of the very bed quality,, adding to each gallon thereof 
three quarters of a pound of fine flour, and by boiling bring 
it to the confiffency of a thin pafte. I put the liquor or 
pafte into a tub belonging to the machine ufed in this pro¬ 
cefs, a plan of which is hereunto annexed. The goods 
intended to be dyed are wound upon a roller, and palled 
through the liquor or paffe above-mentioned, betwixt the 
Vol. VI. No, 339. 
I N G. 
two other rollers, thereby completely (faining or dying 
tlie whole mafs or body of the cloth. I pafs them into 
a very hot (love or drying-houfe till dry. I take cows’ 
dung, put it into a large copper of water about fcalding 
hot, and mix it well together, through which I pafs the 
piece of cloth until it be thoroughly foftened. The quan¬ 
tity of dung, and the time neceflary in this procefs, de¬ 
pend upon the fubffance of the cloth, and the quantity of 
the paffe or liquor imbibed in it. I then wafh the goods, 
fo dunged, extremely well in water. I take a quantity 
of madder, or logwood, or fumach, or any two of them, 
or all of them mixed together, as the firength of the 
cloth and nature of the colour may require, and put 
them into a copper, or tub of hot water : then enter the 
goods before mentioned into this liquor, and keep rincing 
or moving them therein, until 1 have brought them up to 
the ftrength of colour required. I have the goods again 
well wafhed and dried. For dying black, it will be pro¬ 
per to pafs the goods a lecond time through the above 
operations; adding more or lefs of the dying woods as be¬ 
fore. If, after the above operations and the fhade of 
colour is too full, or too much upon the red hue, it will 
be neceflary to give them a little fumach, and then run 
them through a liquor made from iron and alder bark. 
Another method of dying black : I take common iron 
liquor, and add three quarters of a pound of fine flour; 
and, by boiling, bring it to the confiffency of a thin paffe, 
or, inffead of flour, I add glue or linfeed, or gum, or any 
two, or all of them mixed together, till it is brought to 
a proper thicknefs. 1 then pafs the goods through the 
machine, and follow the before-m^itioned operations. 
To dye olives, bottle-greens, purples, browns, cinna¬ 
mons, or fnuffs, I take common iron liquor, or common 
iron liquor with alum diffolved in it, or common iron li¬ 
quor with alum and facchariim faturni diffolved therein, 
in quantity of each, according to the fhade of colour 
wanted, made into a -pafte or liquid, by adding flour, 
gum, glue, linfeed, or one or more of them as before. I 
then put the liquor or paffe above-mentioned into the 
tub belonging to the machine hereto annexed, and pafs 
the goods fo intended to be dyed through the machine in 
the fame manner I have deferibed for dying black. I 
take them from the machine, and hang them up in a very- 
cool room, where they remain till thoroughly dry. I 
take cow-dung, put it into a large copper of hot water, 
and mix it well together ; through which I pafs the cloth 
or goods until thoroughly foftened, the quantity of dung 
and time requifite being proportioned as before. The 
goods after this procefs being well walked, I take a 
quantity of liquor made from madder, logwood, fumach, 
fuffic, brazil, wolds, quercitron bark, peach wood, or 
other woods, to produce the colour wanted, or any two 
or more of them ; and, in cafe I fee it neceflary, I dilute 
this liquor with water, acccording to the fhade or fulnefs 
of colour I want to dye. I then work the goods through 
this liquor; after which I pafs them through cold or 
warm water, according to the colour, the proper applica¬ 
tion of which is well known to dyers, adding a little alum, 
copperas, or Roman vitriol, or two or more of them, 
firft diffolved in water. I then wafh them off in warm 
water, and dry them. If the colour is not fufficiently 
full, I repeat the fame operations, till it is brought to 
tl'.e fhade required. To dye crimfon, red, orange, or 
yellow : I take red liquor, fuch as is generally made 
from alum, faccharum faturni, or fuch-like ingredients, 
and dilute it with water, according to the ftrength or 
fhade of colour I want to dye, bringing it t6 the con- 
fiftency of a pafte or liquid, as before deferibed. Then 
pafs the cloth through the machine, which being dried in 
a cool room, pafs it through the operations of dunging 
and wafhing as before. I take a quantity of liquor, made 
front cochineal, madder, peach wood, brazil, logu ood, 
wolds, fuftic, fumach, or any two or more of them pro¬ 
portioned in ftrength to the (hade of colour I want to dye, 
U u and 
