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166 D Y I 
and work the goods through this liquor, till I have 
brought them to the fhade of colour required ; after 
which I walk them iu cold or warm water, and dry them.” 
The parts of the machine are as fellow: fig. i, the 
frame. 2, The cloth or hatting which conveys the parte 
or liquor to the piece of cloth intended to be dyed. 3. 
The tub made to contain the parte. 4, Another tub, 
which receives the fuperfluous liquor or parte from the 
piece. 5, 6, 7, Three rollers, round which the hatting 
runs through the tub of liquor in order to pafs it. 8, 
and 9, Two ferews, for the pnrpofe of tightening the 
hatting. 10, and 11, Two ferews which prefs the roller 7, 
againft the roller 12, betwixt which the piece partes. 
12, A roller on which the fly-wheel is fixed, which puts 
the machine in motion. 13, Tiie fly-wheel. 14, The 
roller on which the piece is wound. 15, The piece pars¬ 
ing through the liquor, and betwixt the rollers. 16, A 
roller which draws the piece from the machine by a ftrap 
worked from a, pulley. 
A further improvement in the art of dying has been 
made by Mr. Jofeph Lewis, of Brimfcomb, in the county 
of Gloncefter, by means of a new method of cooling the 
cloth, and other piece goods, (particularly in dying 
black;) and a new mode of applying the fire for the pur- 
pofe of heating the boiler, or other vertels. This inven¬ 
tion is fanftioned by a patent, dated January 1 6, 1802. 
Procefs as follows : “ I the faid Jofeph Lewis do declare, 
Firrt, that my new method of cooling cloth, and other 
piece goods, confifts in palling the cloth from the boilers 
over cylinders, or rollers, ereiled on a ftage adjoining or 
near to the boiler, and is performed in the following man¬ 
ner. Immediately oppofite the roller over which the cloth 
turns in the boiler, a ftage is eredted of a proper width 
for the goods intended to be dyed. This ftage is fo high, 
that, when covered with lead, tiles, or any other ma¬ 
terial, the gutters which are placed under the eaves may 
be fufficiently elevated to convey the liquor, which drops 
from the cloth while turned over it, back again into the 
boiler. At each end of the ftage is a trough of dimen- 
fions fufficient to contain the whole of the goods intended 
to be dyed at one time, and which troughs muft difeharge 
the liquor, which runs from the cloth into them, into the 
faid gutters. The trough neareft the dye-houfe may be 
placed fo near the wall as to prevent the liquor from 
dropping between it and the wall. At each end of the 
ftage a roller with a winch or handle is placed fo high 
above the troughs as to admit of the troughs holding the 
whole of the goods eafily ; and between the faid rollers, 
with winches or handles, other intermediate rollers ex¬ 
tend over the width of the faid ftage, at about three feet 
diftance from each other. The rollers with winches or 
handles are about thirty inches diameter, and it will be 
better if the intermediate rollers approach nearly to the 
fame fize, as in proportion to their fize the cloth is more 
eafily and expeditioufly wound from one extremity of the 
N G. 
ftage to the other ; though rollers fo fmall as to be only 
about four inches diameter may be ufed, where the ftage 
is but ftiort, though with manifeft disadvantage. An 
opening is made through the wall of the dye-houfe be¬ 
tween the roller over the boiler and the ftage; and a 
fmall roller is placed in that opening, to prevent the 
cloth from dragging on the wall; and another fmall roller, 
(which may be removed at pleafure,) between the roller 
over the boiler and the wall. A cord is tied or fattened 
to the roller with a winch at the extremity of the ftage, 
oppofite the dye-houfe, fufficiently long fo reach to the 
roller above the boiler ; it is fattened by a noofe to tire 
goods, which are then wound over the roller at the end 
of the ftage neareft to the boiler, and likewife ^ver all 
the intermediate rollers, till it comes to the roller round 
which, by turning, the cord is wound. Tire noofe is 
then (lipped, and the end tied to the faid roller; the 
goods are then wound on into the trough under that 
roller, till the whole is out of the boiler ; they are then 
wound back into the trough at the other end of the ftage, 
and fo on backwards and forwards till the cloth is cool. 
A (loping board, or frame of boards, is placed between 
the wall of the dye-houfe and the boiler, to fave the 
liquor ; but this, as well as the fmall roller placed in the 
lame fituation, muft be moveable, to. allow the work¬ 
men room to keep the cloth abroad while turning in the 
boiler. A moveable gutter is likewife placed between 
the wall and the boiler, to convey the liquor which runs 
from thofe under the eaves into the boiler. Three work¬ 
men are employed in dying. One of thefe is placed, when 
the goods are cooled, at each winch on the ftage ; and 
the other keeps the cloth abroad while coming out of 
the boiler. It is univerfally allowed that repeated cool¬ 
ing,is eflential in the dying of black; to accomplifh this 
effectually and expeditioufly, and likewife to fecure the 
cloth from the pofllbility of being heat-wrinkled, is the 
objebt of this part of the invention. 
Secondly, My mode of applying the fire, for the pur- 
pote of heating the boiler, is founded on the idea, that 
the rtronger the draught, (that is, the greater the quan¬ 
tity of air that can be made to pafs through the fire,) the 
greater will be the effedt of the fire on the liquor, pro¬ 
vided the heat fo generated impings in the beft poflible 
direction againft the boiler. 'Fo gain this advantage I 
place a grate exactly under the center of the boiler pro¬ 
portioned to its fize, aitd the expedition with which it is 
required to boil. Brick-work is raifed about eight inches 
round the grate, to contain the fuel ; and a diftance of 
about four inches confequently remains between the flat 
brick-work and that part of the bottom of the boiler 
which is larger than the grate. The boiler is fupported 
by three half-bricks, forming a triangle, on the flat brick¬ 
work, giving a diftance of about tvtelve inches from the 
grate to the bottom of the boiler. The whole of the 
fides of the boiler are likewife fet four inches at bottom 
and three inches at top from the brick-work which fur- 
rounds it up to the clofing, which doting is (even or 
eight inches below the top of the boiler. At the clofing 
are four flues, at equal diftances, taking at their entrance 
the form of the boiler, which (to induce the flame to 
fpread) are there thirty inches by about three inches, in 
a boiler intended for dying, and which is fix feet dia¬ 
meter at top, and as they rife gradually become lets than 
thirty inches and more than three, till they come each of 
them to a fquare flue, or rather chimney, of about eight 
inches diameter, through which the firnoke iflues; or two 
of them may be brought into one at a convenient height, 
(about fix feet above the boiler.) It may here be ob- 
ferved, that the flues or chimneys thoiild rife imme¬ 
diately from the boiler, as perpendicularly as poflible ; 
that is, the thirty inches thould be reduced as gradually 
as the neceflity of allowing fufScient room for the cloth 
to pafs between the chimney to the cooling apparatus 
will permit. But where the boiler is not intended for 
dying, or the nature of its ufe will permit, the flues may 
