E 
172 
feft is little inferior to its larvse in voracioufnefs, but it 
can only exercife its cruelty on the larva?; the perfect 
infedfs, like himfelf, being fheltered by the kind of I'caly 
cuirafs with which they are armed. This creature muff 
be touched cautioufly ; for, betides its power of giving 
a fevere gripe with its jaws, it has, under the thorax, 
another we pen, a long (harp fpine, which it‘wi!l drive 
into one’s fingers by the effort it makes to move back¬ 
ward. The eggs'of the dytifeus are rather large, and are 
inclofed in a kind of filky dufkilh bag, of a ftrong and 
thick texture, in form round, and terminated by a long 
appendix or flender tail, of the lame fubftance. T-hefe 
bags are often found in the water, and from them are 
brought forth the eggs and larva? of the infect. Many 
fpecies of the 4 perfect infedt are commonly feen in flag¬ 
rant waters, which they quit in the evening to fly about. 
They fwim with incredible agility, making ufe of their 
hinder legs after the fafhion of oars. The elytra of the 
females are in general furrowed, and thofe of the male 
plain : when they firft arrive at their perfect ftate, their 
elytra are almoft tra.nfparent, and in many fpecies of a 
beautiful dun or fire colour, mingled with fhades of a 
greenith brown, or punCtulated, or banded, grooved, or 
ftriated. Five fpecies ..are delineated in the engraving, 
common to different parts of Europe, and found in this 
country, viz. 
Fig. i. the marginalis : colour above fhining raven 
grey, except the outward edge of the thorax and elytra, 
and the fore part of the head, which has a tranfv^erfe 
ftreak or band of a dun colour, fituate on the upper lip ; 
the under part of the body is a mixture of yellow and 
brown. The elytra are exceeding fmooth and glaffy, 
With obfeure fpots or lines, forming two longitudinal 
bands on the edge of each of the elytra. The flernutn 
underneath is forked and blunt. The legs have no other 
articulation than that which refembles a hinge. The 
four anterior feet are fingularly fliaped in the males. The 
E A C 
four firft articulations of the tarfi are very fhort and broad, 
with brulhes underneath, which form a round fcoop, with 
which the infect lays hold of his female. The laft joint 
of thofe tarfi is long, and bears the nails. The hinder 
feet have their tarfi flat, bearded, fhaped like fins, and 
the claws of thofe feet are ftraight and nowife hooked. 
The antennae and palpi are dun coloured. This ranks 
among the larged of the fpecies. Fig. 2, reprefents the 
female of the fame infedt ; the elytra fubftriated and 
brown, and black at the ends. Fig. 3, the uliginofus; 
with dark polifhed fhining elytra ; antennae, legs, and 
body, ferruginous. Fig. 4, the bipuftulatus: dark and 
fhining, with two red dots on the head behind, but fcarce- 
ly vifible to the naked eye. Fig. 5, dytifeus Hermanni: 
body gibbous ; head, thorax, and bafe of the fhells, fern 
ruginous red; elytra truncate ; native of Alface. Fig. 6, 
the maculatus : thorax with a palifh brown band ; body 
black ; elytra variegated with fpots or ftreaks. The 
males in general refemble molt the dermeftides, and the 
females the carabi. 
DYVO'URjy. otherwife Bare-man : a Scotch term 
for a perfon involved in debt, and unable to pay his cre¬ 
ditors : fynonymous with the word Bankrupt 
DZAR GURBAN, a river of Ruffian Tartary, which 
runs into the Irtifch, twenty miles eaft of Semipolatnoi. 
DZI EVVIENISZ'K I, a town of Lithuania, in the pa¬ 
latinate of Wilna : thirty miles fouth-foufh-eaft of Wilna. 
DZ IW ATO'W, a town of Lithuania, in the palatinate 
of Wilna : four miles weft of Wi'lkomierz. 
DZONMU'REN, a river of Rulfia, which runs into 
Angara: twenty-four mile’s north of Irkutfch. 
DZU'RA, a Tartarian village of Rtiffian Siberia, in 
the government of Irkutfch. Lut. 56. 4. N. Ion. 342. 10. 
E. Ferro. 
DZWING'ROD, a town of Poland, in the palatinate 
of Kaminiec t twenty miles fouth-wefr ot Kaminiec, 
E. 
E THE fecond vowel, and fifth letter of the alpha- 
- bet, poflelles two founds; long, as in Jcene, and 
ihonf as in men. It is alfo the mod frequent vowel in 
the Engliih language; for it not only is tiled like the 
reft in the beginning or end of words, but has the pecu¬ 
liar quality of lengthening the foregoing vowel ; as, can, 
cane ; man, mine ; gap, gape-, glad, glade ; bred, bride ; chin, 
chine-, wlp, zidpe ; thin, thine.-, nod, node-, tun , tune ; plum, 
flume. Yet it fometimes occurs final, where yet the fore¬ 
going vowel is not lengthened ; as, gone, knowledge, edge, 
glue. Anciently almoft every word ended with e, as for 
can, came-, for year, yeare ; for great, greate-, for need, 
rteede ; for jloek, Jlocke. It is probable that this e final had 
at firft a foft found, like the female e of the French ; and 
that afterwards it was in poetry either mute or vocal, as 
the verfe required, ’till at laft it became univerfally fi- 
Jent. Ea has the found of e long: the e is commonly 
lengthened rather by the immediate addition of a than 
by the appotition of e to the end of the word; as men, 
mean ; sel, slal ; met, meat ; net, neat. 
The Greeks have the long and fhort e which they call 
'<pfilon and eta. The French have at lead fix kinds of e’s -. 
the Latins have likewife a long and fhort e; they alfo 
write e inftead of a, as dicem f6r dicam, See. and this is no 
doubt the reafon why a is fo often changed into e in the 
prefer tenfe; as, ago, egi ; facio, feci, &c. As a nume¬ 
ral, E Hands for 250, according to the verfe, 
E, quoque ducentos et quinquaginta tenebit . 
h\ mufic it denotes the tone e-la-mi* In the kalendaf 
it is the fifth of the dominical letters. And in fea-chartS 
it diltinguifhes all the eafterly points : thus, E. alone de¬ 
notes eaft ; E. by S. means eaft by fouth ; and E. by N. 
eaft by north. 
EACH, pron. [elc, Sax. elch, Dut. ilk, Scot.] Either 
of two : 
Though your orbs of ditf’rent greatnefs be. 
Yet both are for each other’s ufe difp.os’d; 
His to inclofe, and your’s to be inclos’d. Dryden. 
Every one of any number. This fenfe is rare, except in 
poetiy : 
Wife Plato faid, the world with men was ftor’d, 
That fuccour each to other might afford. Denham. 
To each the correfpondent word is other, whether it be 
■ufed of two, or of a greater number—Let each efteem 
other better than themfelves. Phil. ii. 3. 
Lovelieft of women ! heaven is in thy foul; 
Beauty and virtue fhine for ever round thee, 
Bright’ning each other! Addifcn. 
E ACH'ARD (John), an ingenious divine of the church 
of England, a delcendant from a refpectable family in 
Suffolk, born about 1636. After receiving a clafiical 
education, he was fent to Catharine-hall in the univerfity 
of Cambridge, where he took the degree of bachelor of 
arts in 1656, was ele&ed fellow of his college in 1658, 
and was admitted to the degree of matter of arts in 1660. 
He publithed a treatife, intitled The Grounds and Rea- 
fons of the Contempt of the Clergy and Religion en. 
4 quired 
