E ARTH 
■ebfervcd in the water of a moat which encoinpaffes 
the houfe. There was a pretty thick fog, not a breath 
of air, and the furface of the water all over the moat as 
fntooth as a looking-glafs, except at one corner, where it 
flowed into the fhore, and retired again fucceftively, in a 
furprifing manner. The flux and reflux, when feen by 
lord vifcount Parker, were quite regular. Every flood 
began gently ; its velocity increafed by degrees, when at 
lafi it ruflied in witli great impetuofity, till it had attained 
its full height. At White Rock in Glamorganfhire, 
about two hours ebb of the tide, and near three quarters 
after fix in the evening, a vaft quantity of water rulhed 
up with a prodigious noife ; floated two large veflels, the 
leaf! of them above two hundred tons ; broke their moor¬ 
ings, drove them acrofs the river, and had like to have 
overfet them. The whole rife and fall of this extraordi¬ 
nary body of water did not lad; above ten minutes, nor 
was it felt in any other part of the river, fo that it feemed 
to have gufhed out of the earth at that place. 
At Loch Lomond in Scotland, about half an hour after 
nine in the morning, all of a hidden, without ( the ieaft 
guff of wind, the water rofe again ft -its hanks with great 
rapidity, but immediately fub/ided, till it was as low in 
appearance as in the greateft fummer-drought. A large 
done lying at home didance from fhore, but in Rich (hal¬ 
low water that it could ealily be feen, was forced out of 
its place in the lake upon dry land, leaving a deep furrow 
in the ground all along the way in which it had moved. 
At Kinfale, in Ireland, between two and three in the 
afternoon, the weather being very calm, and the tide near 
full, a large body of water iuddenly poured into the har¬ 
bour with fuch rapidity that it broke the cables of two 
hoops, each moored with two anchors, and of feveral 
boats lying between Sicily and the town. But -juft at the 
time that a great deal of mifchief was apprehended by all 
the veflels running foul of each other, an eddy whirled 
them round feveral times, and then hurried them back 
again with the fame rapidity as before. This was feveral 
times repeated ; and while the current ruflied up at one 
hide of the harbour, it poured down with equal violence 
at the other. A velfel that lay all this time in the pool 
did not feem to be any ways affedted by it; nor was the 
violence of the currents much perceived in the deeper 
parts of the harbour, but raged with mod violence on 
the flats. The bottom of the harbour, which is muddy, 
was much altered; the mud being waffled from fome 
places, and depofited in others. The waters did not rife 
gradually at firfl:; but, with a hollow and horrid noife, 
rulhed in like a deluge, rifing fix or feven feet in a mi¬ 
nute, and as fuddenly htbfiding. From different accounts 
it appeared, that the water was affected in a frmilar man¬ 
ner all along the coaft to the weftvvard of Kinfale. 
^n France, fhocks were perceived in feveral places ; 
as at Bayonne, Bourdeaux, and Lyons. Commotions of 
the waters alio were obferved at Angoulefme, Bleville, 
Havre de Grace, &c. but not attended with the remark¬ 
able circumftances above mentioned. 
Such were the mod flriking phenomena with which 
the earthquake of November i, 1755, was attended on the 
furface of the earth. Thofe which happened below 
ground cannot be known but by the changes obferved in 
fprings, See. which were in many places very remarkable. 
At Colares, on the afternoon of the 31ft of Odtober, the 
water of a fountain was greatly decreafed: on the morn¬ 
ing of the firfl: of November it ran very muddy ; and, 
after the earthquake, returned to its ufual ftate both 
as to quantity and clearnefs. On the hills, numbers of 
rocks were fplit; and there were feveral rents in the 
ground, but none conliderable. In fome places where 
formerly there had been no water, fprings burft forth, 
which continued to run. Some of the larked mountains 
in Portugal were impetuoufly fliaken as it were from their 
foundation ; moll of them opened at their fummits, fplit 
and rent in a wonderful manner, and huge maifes of them 
were thrown down into the fubjacent valleys. From the 
QUAKE. 2 11 
rock called Pedra de Alvidar, near the hill Fojo, a kind 
of parapet was broken off, which was thrown up from 
its foundation in the fea. At Varge, on the river Ma. 
caas, at the time of the earthquake, many fprings of wa¬ 
ter burft forth, fome fpouted to the height of jS or 20 
feet, throwing up fand of various colours, which re¬ 
mained on "the ground. A mountainous point, feven or 
eight leagues from St. Ube’s, cleft afunder, and threw 
off feveral vaft maffes of rock. In Barbary, a large hill 
was rent in two ; the two halves fell different ways, and 
buried two villages. In another place, a mountain burft: 
open, and a ftream iffued from it tinged with red. At 
Tangier, all the fountains were dried up, fo that there 
was no water to be had till night. A very remarkable 
change was obferved on the medicinal waters of Top- 
litz, a village in Bohemia, famous for its baths. Thefe 
waters were firfl difeovered in the year 762 ; from which 
time the principal fpring of them had conftantly thrown 
out hot water in the fame quantity, and of the lame qua¬ 
lity. On the morning of the earthquake, between ele¬ 
ven and twelve in the forenoon, the principal fpring call 
forth, fuch a quantity of water, that in the fpace of half 
an hour all the baths ran over. About half an hour before 
this great increafe of the water, the fpring flowed turbid 
and muddy; then having flopped entirely fora minute, it 
broke forth again with prodigious violence, driving be¬ 
fore it a conliderable quantity of reddifh ochre. After this 
it became clear, and flowed as pure as before. At An¬ 
goulefme in France, a fubterraneous noife, like thunder, 
was heard ; and prefently after the earth opened, and 
difehargeda torrent of water mixed with red fand. Mod 
of the fprings in the neighbourhood funk in fuch a man¬ 
ner, that for fome time they were thought to be quite 
dry. In England, no conliderable alteration was obferved 
in the earth, except that near the lead mine above-men¬ 
tioned, in Derbylhire, a cleft was obferved about a foot 
deep, f'rac inches wide, and 150 yards in length. 
At fea, the Iflocks of this earthquake were felt mod 
violently. Off St. Lucar, the captain of the Nancy fri¬ 
gate felt his (flip fo violently fliaken, that he thought (lie 
had (truck the ground ; but, on heaving the lead, found 
he was in a great depth of water. Captain Clark, from 
Denia, in lat. 36. 24. N. between nine and ten in the 
morning, had his fliip fliaken and drained as if (lie had 
(truck upon a rock, fo that the feams of the deck opened* 
and the compafs was overturned in the binacle. The 
mafter of a velfel bound to the American iflands, being 
in lat. 25. N. Ion. 40. and writing in his cabin, heard a 
violent noife, as he imagined, in the (teerage ; and while 
he was afking what the matter was, the fliip was put into 
a Arange agitation, and feemed as if die had been fud- 
deijly jerked up and fufpended by a rope fattened to the 
mad-head. He immediately darted up with great afto- 
nifhment ; and looking out at the cabin-window, faw 
land, as he took it to be, at the diftance of about a mile. 
But, coming upon the deck, the land was no more to be 
feen, but he perceived a violent current crofs the (flip's 
way to the leeward. In about a minute, this current re¬ 
turned with great impetuofity, and at a league’s didance 
he faw three craggy-pointed rocks throwing up water of 
various colours refeinbling fire. This phenomenon, in 
about two minutes, ended in a black cloud, which afeended 
very heavily. After it had rlfen above the horizon, 110 
rocks were to be feen ; though the cloud, (till afeending, 
was long vilible, the weather being extremely clear.-— 
Between nine and ten in the morning, another fliip, forty 
leagues weft of St. Vincent, was fo ftrongly agitated, 
that the anchors, which were laflied, bounced up, and 
the men were thrown a foot and an half perpendicularly 
up from the deck. Immediately after this, the (flip funk 
in the water as low as the main chains. The lead fhowed 
a great depth of water, and the line was tinged of a yel¬ 
low colour and fmelt of fulphur. The fhock lafted about 
ten minutes, but they felt fmaller ones for the fpace of 
twenty-four hours. 
This 
