E C H 
.ECH'ARD (James), a French monk of the domini- 
*an order, born at Rouen in 1664,” and died at Paris in 
1724, aged eighty years. He was the author of a work 
highly efteemed by his order, on many of whom it be¬ 
llows much praife, fometimes, as may be expected, with 
too much partiality ; but which will be found of ufe to 
biographers and ecclefiaftical hiftorians ; it is intitled 
Scnptores Ordinis Pradicatorum recenjiti, nctifque hijloricis 6? 
eriticis illujlrati, 2 vols. folio, 1721. 
ECH'ARD (Lawrence), a writer chiefly in hiflory, the 
fon of a clergyman at Barftiam, near Beccles in Suffolk, 
w here he was born in 1671. He was educated at Chrift’s 
college, Cambridge, where he took the degree of matter 
of ai ts, and afterwards entered into holy orders. He was 
firft fettle-d in Lincolnthire, where he began to make him- 
felf known by his writings. He publilhed, in 1699, the 
Roman Hiflory, from the Building of the City to the Settle¬ 
ment of the Empire by Auguftus, 8vo. which wasfollowed 
by its continuation from that period to that of Conltantine. 
Thefe were afterwards printed together in 3 vbls. 8vo. 
In 1702, he publilhed a General Ecclefiaftical Hiflory, 
from the Birth of Chrift to the Eftablilhment of Chrif- 
tianity under Conltantine, folio. This was well received, 
and came to a lixth edition, in 2 vols. Svo. 1722. It was 
probably the canfe of his profeffional promotion to the 
offices of prebendary of Lincoln, and chaplain to the hi¬ 
lltop of titat diocefe. His next work was a Hiflory of 
England, from the Invafion of Julius Caefar to tlie End 
of James the Firft’s Reign, folio, 1707. This he after¬ 
wards carried down to the revolution, in two more vo¬ 
lumes, printed in 1718. He obtained confiderable repu¬ 
tation by this performance, which is written in a clear 
method and perfpicuous ftyle, though not without va¬ 
rious party mifreprefentations, for fonte of which he was 
reprehended in a printed letter from Dr. Edmund Cala- 
my. One of his ntofl ufeful works was the Gnzeteer’s or 
Newfman’s Interpreter, being a geographical index or 
dictionary of all the principal places on the globe. Of 
this, many editions have been printed, and the Gazeteers 
of the prefent time may be regarded as its improved 
copies. He alfo publilhed a tranflation of three comedies 
of Plautus, aod took a ihare in a tranflation of Terence ; 
but he obtained little credit for either of thefe perfor¬ 
mances, which were cenfured for the coarfenefs of their 
ftyle. In his proper profellion he compiled a volume of 
Maxims and Difcourfes, moral and divine, taken from 
the works of archbifhop Tillotfon, Svo. 1719. Mr. Ech- 
ard was appointed to the archdeaconry of Stow in 1712. 
Towards the latter part of life he was prefented by the 
king to the livings of Rendlelham, Sudborn, and Alford, 
1 in Suffolk, to which county he removed. Falling into 
a bad (fate of health, he was proceeding to Scarborough 
for the'benefit of the waters, when he died in hrs car¬ 
riage, in 1730. 
ECHARDSAU', a town of Germany, in the archduchy 
of Auftria : twelve miles eaft of Entzerldorf. 
ECHAR'Rl, a town of Spain, in Navarre: feventeen 
miles weft of Pamplona. 
ECHAUBROI'GNES (Les), a town of France, in the 
department of the Two Sevres, and chief place of a can¬ 
ton, in the diftricl of Chatillon :, four miles north of Cha- 
tillon fur Sevre. 
ECHAUFFOU', a town of France, in the department 
of the Orne, containing about 2000 inhabitants: three 
leagues weft of l’Aigie. 
ECHBRU'NE, a town of France, in the department of 
■die Lower Charente: twelve miles fouth of Saintes. 
ECHECRA'TES, a Theffalian, who offered violence 
to Phoebus the prieltefs of Apollo’s temple of Delphi. 
From this circumstance a decree was made by which no 
woman was admitted to the office of prieltefs before the 
age of fifty. Diodorus. 
ECHEL'LE (L’), a town of France, in the depart¬ 
ment of the Ardennes, and chief place of a canton, in the 
diftrifit of Eocroy< eight miles fouth of Rocroy. 
Vol. VI. No. 344. 
ECIIEL'LES (Les), a town of Savoy, fituated in a 
narrow valley, on a fmall river called the Gutcr-vif, in 
the road from Grenoble to Chambery : ten miles fouth* 
.welt of Chambery. 
E'CHELSBEKE, a town of Flanders: five miles north 
of Bergties, 
ECHENAY', a town of France, in the department of 
the Upper Marne, and chief place of a canton, in the dif- 
trift of Joinville : feven miles eafl-north-eaft of Joinville. 
ECHENE'IS, f. [from eyru, Gr. to take, an'd vna, a 
veffel ; fo galled, becaufe it was fabuloiifly faid to flick 
to the keels of veflels and retard their progrefs.] The 
Sucker; in ichthyology, a genus of fifties belonging to 
the order of thoracici; the generic character of which is, 
a buckler upon the head, formed < 5 f feveral tranfverfe 
lines, interfered by a longitudinal one. Thefe lines, 
feen under the magnifier, appear to conlift of little tufts 
of briftles. When the filh rubs its head againft any 
rough or porous body, the briftles fallen, and the filh re¬ 
mains fufpended. Hence it is that ’the fucker is often 
found flicking to veflels, and to the Ihark ; but it is a 
vulgar error that they fallen on the fliark for nourilh- 
ment; dill more abfurd was the fable of the ancients, 
that this filli had power to hinder the failing of fltips, 
and for which fuppofed faculty they gave it the name of 
remora, delay or hindrance.' See alfo Pliny, lib. ix. and 
xxxii. for other abfurd notions concerning this filh. The 
number of tranfverfe lines is from eighteen to twenty- 
four. The head is broad at the top, and ends in a (harp 
fnout. The jaws are armed with fmall teeth, and the 
under one is the longed. The mouth is wide ; the tongue 
broad ; the gills have a large aperture, and the mem¬ 
brane is fupported by ftrong rays. The body is long and 
thick ; the fins fmall, appearing hardly capable to move 
fo large a body. They haunt the Mediterranean Sea and 
the.Ocean; and are of the voracious kind, often mea- 
furing from two to feven feet in length. There are three 
fpecies, viz. 
1. Echeneis neucrates, the pilot fucking-filh : fpecific 
character, the tail rounded. It has nine rays in the mem¬ 
brane of the gills, twenty in the peftoral fin, four in the 
ventral, thirty-five in the ana!, eighteen in the tail, and 
forty in the dorfal. The body is lengthened ; head of a 
middling (ize ; mouth large ; the lower jaw tapers to a 
point, and protrudes conliderably beyond the upper; 
both are furnilhed with teeth like a file. The tongue is 
rough, thin, narrow, and loofe ; and there are teeth like- 
wife in the palate. Not far from the upper lip, and near 
the buckler, are four fmall holes. The eyes are fmall, 
with a black pupil in a yellow iris. The cheeks are 
flelhy, and of a (ilvery colour. The gills have a'wide 
aperture, and a large membrane, which is vilible, and 
fupported by ftrong rays; the covert is fmall and Angle. 
The buckler contains from twenty-two to twenty-four 
raifed lines. The body is without feales, but full of fo¬ 
ramina ; back and tail green, and fides white below the 
lateral line. All the fins, except the tail, are yellow at 
their origin, and violet towards the extremities. The 
trivial name naucrates, fignifies pilot, and has been given 
it in confequence of its accompanying (hips at fea. This 
fpecies inhabits equally, the hot, cold, and temperate, 
climates. Olafsen faw it at Iceland, Ruyfch near the 
Moluccas, Haflelquift at Alexandria, Forlkael in Arabia, 
Marcgrave and Prince Maurice at Brazil, Plumier at the 
Antilles, and Brown at Jamaica. Comrnerfon, who ob- 
ferved it at the Mauritius, remarks, that on the coaft 
of Mozambique it is ufed in catching the fea-tortoife; 
the filhermen avail thefnfelves of its property of faften- 
ing to any fubftance-: they fix a ring on the body of a 
living fucker, juft above the tail-fin, and of a fize not to 
flip off'; to this they tie a cord; then, putting the filh 
into a tub of fait water, they fail in their boats towards 
thofe places where the tertoifes lie fleeping on the wa¬ 
ter : but their deep is fo flight, that the approach of the 
boat generally awakens them, when they plunge to a 
3 M confiderable 
