E C H I N U S; 
41. Ecliinns conoideus : fubconic with an elliptic cir¬ 
cumference; fpaces and avenues ten, the latter tranfverfe- 
ly grooved and porops at the margin, the former divided 
by a ftraight'fcxcavated future. Found as yet only in a 
folTile date. Protuberances of the fpaces thickly placed 
and furrounded by a circle of granulations; bafe flat, 
grooved ; vent circular. 
IX. Vent placed beneath-, mouth without tentacula. 
Bafe circular, in the periphery of which is the vent. 
42. Echinus albo galerus : fpaces ten, covered with nu¬ 
merous fmall white tubercles, the larger ones united by a 
ferrate future and tranfverfely lineate, the lefl'er ones ter¬ 
minated by a foramen at the crown ; avenues ten, bi- 
porous. Suboval; mouth orbicular, fmall; vent ovate. 
Found hitherto only in a foflile date. 
43. Echinus depreflus : fpaces ten, the larger ones di¬ 
vided in the middle by a future ; avenues ten, biporotts; 
crown depreded ; vent orbicular. Mouth moderate, with 
ten fliarp finuofities ; vent large,, ovate. Found hitherto 
only in a foflile date. 
44. Echinus vulgaris: orbicular; with ten avenues, 
two of them always near each other. Found frequently 
in a foflile date, in numberlefs varieties of forms. 
45. Echinus quadrifafeiatus: with fouravenues of pores. 
Found in a foflile date; circumference fometimes orbi¬ 
cular, fometimes approaching to an oval. 
46. Echinus fexfafeiatus : with (ix avenues of pores. 
Found hitherto only in a foflile date. 
Bafe exactly circular. 47. Echinus fttbuculus: ave¬ 
nues ten, biporous ; fpaces ten, five larger and five lefs; 
mouth and vent fmall, orbicular. Found only in a foflile 
date ; the fpaces befet with very fmall circles ; pores of 
the avenues very minute, and crowded clofe together. 
Bafe oval. 48. Echinus cycloflomus : oblong, fubde- 
prefled ; crown with five pores ; mouth placed in the 
middle, and round ; vent oblong, and near the mouth. 
Cinereous or yellowifh ; the bafe pulvinate; fpaces ten, 
divided by a ferrate line down the middle, and befet with 
minute tubercles inclofed in a circle ; avenues ten, bipo¬ 
rous, and extending to the mouth. This is perhaps a 
variety of the rojaceus. The five double lines, which re- 
prefent the radii, are only rows of pores, appearing black 
on the whitifh ground of the fhell. 7 he fliell is very thin 
and brittle, which occafions this and fimilar fpecies to be 
more rare in cabinets than thole which have ftrong tuber¬ 
cles and a thicker fhell. 
49. Echinus femilunaris: vent longitudinally oblong; 
mouth tranfverfe and femilunar. Inhabits the Afiatic 
Sea; pale yellow ifh-adi. 
50. Echinus feutiformis : mouth pentangular; avenues 
ten, dilate ; larger fpaces affiliate or divided into plates,, 
the pieces pentangular. 
Bafe oval, acute ; vent oppofite the mouth. 5a. Echi¬ 
nus feutatus: convex, beneath Hat; fpaces tuberculate 
and alternately larger, the larger ones divided by a fer¬ 
rate future in the middle ; mouth tranfverfe, kidney- 
fhaped. Found only in a foflile date ; tubercles of the 
fpaces intermixed with very minute granulations; mouth 
furrounded with tubercles fomewhat larger,.and forming 
a triangle ; vent fubovate; bafe.a little convex towards 
the margin, with a more eminent dripe in the middle, 
bounded on each fide by two finely granulate bands. 
52. Echinus ovatus-: ovate, affiliate, the pieces hexan- 
gular; crow n naked ; vent luboval. Found hitherto only 
in a foflile date. Shell compofed of twenty rows of pieces, 
ten larger and ten lefs, all of them united by a ferrate 
future ; fpaces ten larger and ten fmaller, in the latter of 
which are two imprefi'ed dots; mouth rounded,, fmall ; 
vent fuboval. 
53. Echinus pudulofus: fpaces obfol'ete and not tuber- 
culute ; avenues with railed dots difpofed in pairs; crown 
hnprefled. Found in a foflile (fate; refembles echinus- 
fcutatus in-figure,.circumference, mouth, and vent- 
23 l 
54. Echinus quadriradiatus: with four double rows of 
dots. Found hitherto in a foflile flate only. 
55. Echinus minor : ovate, with a flat or dbneave bafe; 
fpaces and avenues ten, the latter biporous ; mouth tranf¬ 
verfe, roundifh ; vent fubovai. Found only in a foflile 
date. 
56. Echinus dubius: ovate, with ten fimply porous 
avenues; half of the vent marginal. Found hitherto only 
in a Fonile date. The five larger fpaces marked with im- 
preffed circles, 
Bafe irregular, with five expanded petal-diaped marks 
on the furface. 57. Echinus rofaceus : flattifh and^round- 
idi-oval; avenues five, oval, with a dotted furface. In¬ 
habits the Aliatie Ocean; yellowidi-brown, fometimes 
dirty cinereous; covered with fmall tubercles like grains 
of (and, and difpofed in a quincunx form. The fhell is 
compaft, and alinod of a dony hardnefs, which however 
it acquires after it comes out of the water. There is a 
pentangular piece at the top with dve angular holes, like 
thofe fpecies which have the vent at the.apex ; yet in 
this divifion the vent is underneath, not in the center 
however, but in tire circumference. From this penta¬ 
gonal piece arifes a five-leaved figure which fpreads over 
the whole furface of the (hell, fo that each fide of the 
pentagon is contiguous to the point of one leaf, which is 
formed by two curved lines reprefenting the edges of the 
leaf, and thefe, making an oblong arc, pafs over the 
fhell, without joining at the round extremity of each leaf. 
The lines are broad, containing, fird, two almoft parallel 
rows of pores-, the outer row large and oval, the' inner 
fmaller and round ; from each oval hole of the outer row 
runs a furrow towards the round hole of the inner rank, 
which gives the edges of the leaves a Angular appearance. 
The middle of each leaf, inclofed in this edging or bor¬ 
der, is much raifed above the.furface of the (hell, fo that 
this five-leaved figure is very apparent. As the entire 
circumference of the diell reprefents a lengthened oval, 
broad at one end and pointed at the other, and in general 
a pentagon more or lefs obtufe, there are always two 
leaves of the figure divided towards the broad end, one 
to the pointed end, and the two others dretch towards 
the fides. The whole furface is full of little circular 
hollows, with a little convexity in the middle to hold 
the concave extremity of the fpines, like the articulations 
of bones, as before deferibed. Turning this to examine 
the bafe, two cavities appear. The larged, which is in 
the center, is tire mouth ; the other, near the rim in the 
middle of the broad fide, is the anus. Tire mouth is 
funk in fo far as to be within a very fmall fpace of tire 
funrmit on the oppolite fide. From the rim to the mouth 
run five finooth deep furrows, which are precifely under¬ 
neath and in the middle of each of the leaves of the figure 
above, and which thus divide the bafe into five parts. 
The fhell alfo includes a great number of little bones, 
which are the teeth of this Angular animal, and which 
rattle when the (hell is fhaken. This very curious Ipe. 
cies is exhibited iir Plate II. fig. 5. 
58. Echinus altus: crown elevated, orbicular; avenues 
broad, with convergent granulate tips. Found in a foflile 
flate; higher than the lad; about two inches high and 
fix broad at the wided part of the bafe. 
59. Echinus oviformis: convex and flat beneath ; ave¬ 
nues ten, biporous, and expanded in a dellate form ; crown 
with four pores. Above brownidt-grey, beneath whitidi¬ 
grey ; granulate, with a circle round the granulations;, 
mouth tranfverfe, and llightly kidney.fhaped ; vent mar¬ 
ginal, near the mouth; bafe with a paler glabrous line 
in the middle, reaching from one end of the-lhell to the 
other. 
60. Echinus orbiculatus: granulate; avenues biporous, 
the pores united by a tranfverfe impreffed line, and the 
intermediate fpaces divided by a ferrate line in the middle, 
the red of the furface five-parted.. Found in a petrified 
flate, and a very indiftinfct fpecies. 
Flap 
