E C H 
E C H 
niola, flowering in the fpring. The French inhabitants 
call it gras de galle. 
10. Ecliites Ipicata, or fpiked echites : fpikes axillary, 
fliort; (iamens handing out; leaves fuhovate. This plant 
abounds in a 'white milk, and climbs the trees to the 
height of fixty feet; ftems round, woody, pliant, twin¬ 
ing, an inch in diameter, with alternate branches a foot 
and a half long, at different difiances, leafy their whole 
length ; leaves oblong, veined, fmoothifh, acuminate, 
diftich, half a foot long ; flowers numerous, white, fmall, 
fubfeflile. Native of Carthagena in New Spain, in thick 
lofty woods, flowering in July and Augufl. 
11. Echites-caudata, or tailed echites: Corollas fun- 
nel-form, with very long linear tips. This is a tree ; 
leaves lanceolate-elliptic, naked; flowers axillary, pe- 
duncled, ere 61 , the lize of thofe of Nerium or Oleander, 
funnel-form : border erect, terminating in linear tips 
longer than the whole corolla, a circumftance in which 
it differs from all other known plants. Native of the 
Eait Indies. 
12. Echites fcholaris, or Indian echites: leaves fub- 
verticilled, oblong; follicles filiform, very long ; umbels 
compound. This alfo is a tree, the branches of which 
are leafy only at the joints, where there are five or feven 
oval-lanceolate leaves, which are coriaceous, and tranf- 
verfely ftreaked. The flowers are very friiall ; follicles 
in pairs, a foot and a half long, and therefore longer than 
any others that are known. Native of tire Eafl Indies. 
13. Echites annularis, or annular echites: Kern twin¬ 
ing; corollas falver-form, with an elevated ring on the 
tube. 14. Echites fiphilitica, or venereal echites : leaves 
ovate, fubpetioled, very fmooth, ribbed ; panicles dicho¬ 
tomous ; flowers in fpikes. Native of Surinam. A de- 
coftion of the latter herb is a well-known remedy at Su¬ 
rinam in the venereal difeafe. 
15. Echites fucculenta, or fucculent echites: prickles 
in pairs, extrafoliaceous ; leaves linear, tomentofe under¬ 
neath: corollas funnel-form. 16. Echites bifpinola, or 
fpiny echites : prickles in pairs, extrafoliaceous; leaves 
lanceolate, fmooth ; corollas falver-form. This and the 
preceding are very Angular thrubs, much refembling each 
other. They are fucculent, milky, and two-fpined. With¬ 
out feeing the fructification they might be taken for eu¬ 
phorbias. They are natives of the Cape of Good Hope, 
and were obferved there by Thunberg. 
17. Echites coflata, or ribbed echites: peduncles in 
cymes; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate. Native of 
the Society Ifles. 
18. Echites tomentofa, or rough echites : leaves cor¬ 
date-oblong, acuminate ; both they and the Hem rough¬ 
haired ; flowers in racemes, hairy. Found in Cayenne 
by von Rhor. 
19. Echites Domingenfis, or Domingo echites : pedun¬ 
cles racemed ; leaves cordate-ovate, fomewhat rigid, of 
a different colour underneath ; ftem twining. 20. Echites 
afperuginis, or prickly echites: peduncles racemed ; fol¬ 
licles filiform ; leaves oblong, acute, rough above ; ftem 
twining. 21. Echites circinalis, or waved ecliites : pe¬ 
duncles axillary, many-flowered, jointed ; fegments of the 
corolla waved ; leaves elliptic; ftem twining. 22. Echites 
floribunda,. or flowering echites : racemes corymbed ; 
leaves ovate, acuminate ; nerves parallel • branches al- 
moft eredt. Natives of the Weft-India iflands. 
Propagation and Culture. Thefe plants have not yet been 
introduced into cultivation in Europe ; being moftly in¬ 
habitants of the Weft Indies, they will require the pro- 
tedlion of the bark-ftove, and muft be increafed and ma¬ 
naged in the fame manner with the tender forts of Apo- 
CYNUM, which fee. Alfo Carissa. 
E'CHIUM, f. [echium of Pliny : -zvaf a rov$ £%ek, Gr. 
being fuppofed to cure the bite of the viper, or to have 
feeds refembling a viper’s head.] Viper’s Bugloss ; in 
botany, a genus of the clafs pentandria, order monogynia, 
natural order afperifoliae, (borragineae, Jujf.) The gene¬ 
ric charadters are—.Calyx : perianthium five-parted, up- 
C;);5 
right, permanent; diviflons Tubulate, upright. Corolla: 
one petalled, bell-fliaped; tube very ftiort; border up¬ 
right, gradually widened, five-clcft, obtufe; divifions ge¬ 
nerally unequal ; the two fuperior ones longer ; the inte¬ 
rior fmaller, ftiarp, reflex ; throat pervious. Stamina : 
filaments five, fubulate, length of the corolla, declined, 
unequal; anthene oblong, incumbent. Piflillum : germs 
four; ftyle filiform, length of the ftamens ; ftigma ob¬ 
tufe, two-cleft. Pericarpium : none; calyx grown dif¬ 
fer, guarding the feeds in its cavity. Seeds: four, round- 
ifti, obliquely acuminate .—EJfential Character. Corolla, 
irregular, with the throat naked. 
Species. 1, Echium fruticofum, or fhrubby viper’s bu¬ 
glofs : ftem fhrubby ; leaves lanceolate, attenuated at the 
bale, villofe-ftrigofe, without veins ; calycine leaflets lan¬ 
ceolate, acute. This riles with a ftmibby (talk two or 
three feet high, dividing at the top into feveral branches; 
leaves feftile, hairy, light green ; the flowers are produced 
lingly between the reaves at the ends of the branches ; 
they are of a purple colour; they appear in May and 
June, but the feeds do not ripen in England. Stamens 
not longer than the corolla. Native of the Cape of 
Good Hope. 
2. Echium candicans, or hoary tree viper’s buglofs : 
ftem lhrubby; leaves lanceolate, nerved, they and the 
branches hirfute ; calycine leaflets oblong and lanceolate 
acute; ftyles rough with hairs.. This is a, handfome 
fhrub ; the ftems and branches are woody and fomewhat 
tomentofe, marked with linear tranfverfe (cars from fallen 
leaves. The whole plant is white, and, as it were, fit- 
very, with a foft clofe fhagginefs covering the whole, 
hardly excepting the corolla. Native of the high rocks 
of Madeira ; where it was found by Mr. Francis MafTon. 
3. Echium giganteum, or gigantic viper’s buglofs : 
ftem fhrubby ; leaves lanceolate, attenuated at the bafe, 
hairy ; hairs very fliort; bradles and calyxes ftrigofe ; 
ftamens longer than the corolla. A very lofty fhrub, 
with woody, round, hoary, fmooth, branches ; leaves a 
fpan long ; flowers pointing one way, and forming a very 
large, pyramidal, terminating, thyrfe, confiding of long 
fpiked peduncles; corollas obtufe, nearly equal, white. 
Found on the rocks of Teneriffe by Francis MafTon. 
4. Echium ftrictum, or upright viper’s buglofs: ftem 
fhrubby, ftiIT, branching; leaves oblong-lanceolate, hairy ; 
corollas fomewhat bell-fhaped ; ftaniens longer than the 
corolla. This is diftinguifhed by the ftiffnefs and up- 
rightnefs of the ftem, by its petioled oblong leaves, 
and by the hairs of the ftem being turned downwards. 
Found by MafTon on the rocks of Teneriffe. It is bien¬ 
nial ; flowering mod part of the year. 
5. Echium ipicatum, orfpiked viper’s buglofs : ftems 
afeending, very Ample ; flowers in fpikes. 6. Echium 
argenteum, or filvery viper’s buglofs : leaves linear, hir¬ 
fute, and whitifh, patulous at the tip. 7. Echium ca- 
pitatum, or headed viper’s buglofs : ftem hairy ; flowers 
head corymbed, equal; ftamens longer than the corolla ; 
leaves hifpid. Native of the Cape. 
8. Echium plantagineum, or plantain-leaved viper’s 
buglofs: root-leaves ovate, marked with lines, petioled. 
Leaves above hairy, foft, hifpid ; root-leaves like thofe 
of plantain, very entire, large ; ftem-leaves lanceolate, 
fertile; ftems hairy, with foft, not ftrigofe, hairs; brown 
dots under the hairs, as in the reft, but minute ; corollas 
violet-coloured, not blue, as in echium vulgare ; nor 
fhorter than the calyx, as in echium cfeticum. Annual. 
Native of Italy ; flowers from July to Oclober. 
9. Echium laevigatum, or fmooth-ftalked viper’s bu¬ 
glofs : ftem even ; leaves lanceolate, naked, fcabrous 
about the edge and at the tip ; corollas equal. Stems 
underflirubby, a foot in height. Native of the Cape of 
Good Hope. 
10. Echium Italicum, or wall viper’s buglofs: ftem 
herbaceous, hairy; leaves linear-lanceolate, ftrigofe-hir- 
fute, the lower ones nerved ; corollas nearly equal; fta¬ 
mens longer than the corolla. This l ife's with an upright 
z hairy 
