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lip Auguftus, and Richard PUtntngencf. After every re- 
fource had .been tried, and every hope was exhaufted, 
the Saracen defenders of Acre fubmitted to their fate; a 
capitulation was granted, but their lives and liberties 
were taxed at a ranfom of two hundred thoufand pieces 
ot gold, the.deliverance of one hundred nobles, and fif¬ 
teen hundred inferior captives, and the reftoration of the 
wood of the holy crofs. Some doubts in the agreement, 
and fome delay in.the execution, rekindled the fury of 
the Franks, and three thoufand Modems, a Into ft in the 
fultan’s view, were beheaded by the command of our 
Englifh Richard. By the conqueft of Acre, tIre Latin 
powers acquired a (hong town and a convenient harbour; 
but the advantage was mod dearly purchafed. The hif- 
torian of the fultan of Egypt computes, from the report 
of the enemy, that their numbers, at different periods, 
amounted.to five or fix hundred thoufand; that more 
than one hundred thoufand Chriftians were fiain ; that a 
far greater number was loft by difeafe or ftiipwreck ; 
and that only a fmall portion of this mighty hoft could 
return in fat'ety to their native countries. 
Philip Auguftus, and Richard the Firft, are the only 
kings of France and England, who have fought under 
■the fame banners; but the holy fervice in which they 
were enlifted, was, as ufual, inceffamly difturbed by their 
national jealoufy; and the two factions, Which they pro¬ 
tected in Palefline, were more averfe to each other than 
to the common enemy. In the eyes of the Orientals, the 
French monarch was fuperior in dignity and power; and 
in the emperor’s abfence, the Latins revered him as their 
temporal chief. Ydt his exploits were not adequate to 
his fame. Philip was brave, but the .ftatefman predomi¬ 
nated in his character ; he was foon weary of facrificing 
his health and intereft on a barren coaft ; the furrender of 
Acre became the fignal of his departure ; nor could he 
juftify this unpopular defertion, by leaving the duke of 
Burgundy, with five hundred knights and ten thoufand 
foot for the fervice of the Holy Land. The king of Eng¬ 
land, though inferior in dignity, furpaffed his rival in 
wealth and military renown ; and if heroifm be confined 
to ferocious valour, Richard Plantagenet will ever ftand 
high among the heroes of the age. The memory of Coeur 
de Lion, or the lion-hearted prince, was long dear and 
glorious to his Englilh fubjeCts ; and, at the diftance of 
fixty years, it was celebrated in proverbial fayings by the 
grandfons of the Egyptians and Saracens, againft whom 
he had fought: his tremendous name was employed by 
the Syrian mothers to filence their infants ; and, if an 
horfe fuddenly ftarted from the way, his rider was wont 
to exclaim, “ Doft thou think king Richard is in the 
bufii ?” His cruelty to the Mahomedans was the effeCt of 
zeal; but we cannot believe that a foldier, fo free and 
fearlefs in the ufe of his lance, would have defeended to 
whet a dagger againft his valiant brother Conrad of Mont- 
fierrat, who was IIdin at Tyre by fome fecret adaflins. Af¬ 
ter the furrender of Acre, and the departure of Philip, 
the king of England led the crufaders to the recovery of 
the fea-coaft; and the cities of Csfaria and Jaffa were 
quickly addod to the kingdom of Lufignan. A march of 
• one hundred miles from Acre to Afcalon, was a great and 
perpetual battle of eleven days. In the diforder of his 
troops, the fultan of Egypt remained on the field with 
feventeen guards, without lowering his ftandard, or fuf- 
pending the found of his brazen kettle-drum : he again 
rallied and renewed the charge ; and his preachers, or 
heralds, called aloud on the Unitarians manfully to ftand 
up againft the Chriftians. But the progrefs of Richard 
was irrefiftible : and it was only by demolifhing the walls 
and buildings of Afcalon, that the fultan could prevent 
him from occupying an important fortrefs on the confines 
of Egypt. During a fevere winter, the armies flept ; 
but, in the fpring, the Franks advanced within a day’s 
march of Jerufalem, under the viflorious ftandard of the 
Englilh king ; and his aftive fpirit intercepted a convoy, 
ff}' caravan, of feven thoufand camels. Saladin had fixed 
his (Union in the holy city ; but the city was ft ruck with 
confternation and difeord : lie faded ; he prayed ; he 
preached ; he offered to (hare the dangers of the fiege ; 
but his foldiers, who remembered the fate of their com¬ 
panions at Acre, preffed the fultan with loyal or feditious 
clamours, to referve his perfon, and their courage, for 
the future defence of their religion and empire. The 
Modems were all at once delivered by the fudden, or, as 
they deemed, the miraculous, retreat of the Chriftians ; 
and the laurels.of Richard were blafted by the prudence 
or envy of his companions. The hero, afeending an hill, 
and veiling his face, exclaimed with an indignant voice, 
“ Thofe who are unwilling to refeue, are unworthy to 
view, the fepulchre of Chrift l” After his return to Acre, 
on the news that Jaffa was furprifed by the fultan, lie 
failed with fome merchant veffels, and leaped foremoft 
on the beach ; the caftle was relieved by his pretence; 
and fixty thoufand Saracens fled before his arms. The 
difeovery of his weaknefs provoked them to return in the 
morning; and they found him carelefsly encamped before 
the gates with only feventeen knights and three hundred 
archers. Without counting their numbers, he fuftained 
their charge ; and we learn from the evidence of his ene¬ 
mies,-thait the king of England, grafping his lance, rode 
furioufly along their front, from the right to the left 
wing, without meeting an adverfary who dared to en¬ 
counter.his career. 
During thefe hoftilities, a languid and tedious negocia- 
tion between the Franks and Modems was ftarted, and 
continued, and broken, and again refunied, and again 
broken. Some a£ts of royal coi rtefy, the gift of ice and 
fruit, the exchange of Norway hawks and Arabian horfes, 
foftened the afperity of religious war: from the vicifll- 
tude of fuccefs, the tnonarchs might learn to fufpedt that 
heaven was neutral in the quarrel ; nor, after the ftub- 
born trial of each other, could either hope for a decifive 
victory. The health both of Richard and Saladin ap¬ 
peared to be in a declining ftate ; and they refpeftively 
fuffered the evils of diftant and domeftic warfare : Planta¬ 
genet was impatient to punifh a perfidious rival who had 
invaded Normandy in his abfence; and the fultan of Egypt 
was fubdued by the cries of the people, who was the 
vidiim, and of the foldiers, who were the inftruments, of 
his martial zeal. The firft demands of the king of Eng¬ 
land were the reftitution of Jerufalem, Paleftine, and the 
true crofs; and lie firmly declared, that himfelf and his 
brother pilgrims would end their lives in the pious la¬ 
bour, rather than return to Europe with ignominy and 
remorfe. But the confidence of Saladin refufed, without 
fome weighty compenfation : he afferted, witli equal firm- 
nefs, his religious and civil claim to the fovereignty of 
Paleftine ; defcanted on the importance and fandity of 
Jerufalem, and rejected all terms of the eftablifhment, or 
partition, of the Latins. The marriage which Richard 
propofed, of his Lifter with the fultan’s brother, rvas de^ 
feated by the difference of faith: the princefs abhorred 
the embraces of an infidel ; and Adel, or Saphadin, would 
not renounce a plurality of wives. A perfonal interview 
was declined by Saladin, who alleged their mutual ig¬ 
norance of each other’s language ; and the negociation 
was managed with much art and delay by their interpre¬ 
ters and envoys. The final agreement was equally dif- 
approved by the zealots of both parties, by the Roman 
pontiff, and the caliph of Bagdad. It was ftipulated that 
Jerufalem and the holy fepulchre fnould be open, with¬ 
out tribute or vexation, to the pilgrimage of the Latin 
Chriftians; .that, after the demolition of Afcalon, they 
fhould inclufively poffefs the fea-coaft from Jaffa to Tyre ; 
that the count of Tripoli and the prince of Antioch fhould. 
be compriled in the truce ; and that, during three years 
and three months, all hoftilities Ihould ceale. The prin¬ 
cipal chiefs of the two armies fwore to the obfervance of 
the treaty; but the monarchs were fatisfied with giving 
their word and their right-hand; and the royal majefty 
was excufed from an oath, which always implies Ionic 
x * fuJfficion 
