342 
EGYPT. 
ti e guards extending acrofs the quarries in two lines, 
with their right to the inundation ; and majors-general 
Ludlow and Finch’s brigade;,' both formed fronting the 
fea. At day.break on the 19th, major-general Coote 
opened a battery of two twelve-pounders, and two eight- 
inch howitzers, againft the fort of Marabout. The 
Turks, under the Ca.pitan Pacha, had formed a junction 
with general Hutchinfon, and encamped near the depot 
on the 20th. On the 22d, major-general Coote deter¬ 
mined immediately to move forward to attack the ene¬ 
my, and take as advanced a pofition near the town of 
Alexandria, as prudence and fecurity would permit. Ac¬ 
cordingly, at break of day, all- the troops were under 
arms, with the addition of 150 of the Lowenftein rifle¬ 
men, who had landed late at night from the eaftward. 
The troops advanced at half after fix, and the fhips of 
war in the harbour, and the numerous gun-boats on the 
inundation, under captain Stevenfon of the royal navy, 
got under way at the fame moment. The troops marched 
to meet the enemy, who was very ftrongly ported on a 
ridge of high rocky hills, having his right fecured by the 
fea, and by two heavy guns ; and his left by the inunda¬ 
tion, and two batteries containing three more guns of the 
fame calibre. Befide thefe, numerous pieces of flying 
artillery were placed in the intervals of his line. The 
Englifh moved through the ground in three columns ; 
the guards forming two upon the right, under major-ge¬ 
neral lord Cavan, near the inundation; and major-gene¬ 
ral Ludlow’s brigade forming the third, upon the left, 
clofe to the fea, having the firft battalion of the twenty- 
fcventh regiment in advance. Major-general Finch’s 
brigade compofed a referve, and was deftined to give 
fupport wherever it might be required. In this manner 
the troops continued to move with the greateft cool nefs 
and regularity, under a heavy fire of mufketry and can¬ 
non. As the Englifh advanced, the French retreated ; 
till clofe under the works of the town. Here was a ge¬ 
neral halt, and the enemy gave no further dirturbance 
during the remainder of the day. The lofs of the Eng- 
li(h was trifling, when compared to the advantages gain¬ 
ed. The lofs of the French, from the conftant fire of 
the (hips and gun-boats on both their flanks, added to 
that of the advancing troops, was evidently very con- 
fiderable. 
Information having been received that general Menou 
was preparing to attack major-general Coote in force, 
before the troops ordered to join him could arrive, the 
commander in chief directed a diverfion to be made in 
general Coote’s favour along the eaftern front of the ene¬ 
my's line. Accordingly, at four in the morning of the 23d, 
the troops appeared in the plain at day-break ; while the 
Turks, on the right, advanced and took polfeflion of the 
Sugarloaf-hill. The French immediately opened all their 
guns, by which five or fix of the Britifh were killed. 
Early in the morning colonel Spencer landed to the 
weftward, with brigadier-general Blake’s brigade, fup- 
ported by a body of mamalukes. General Hutchinfon, 
with major-general Cradock, and the chief engineer, went 
round by the inundation to reconnoitre general Coote’s, 
and the various other pofitions, which they highly ap¬ 
proved. Ten or twelve fliips of war, under the com¬ 
mand of captain Stephenfon of the Diane, now entered 
the harbour, and formed in a line a-head, protecting ge¬ 
neral Coote’s left flank. Tims every thing was completely 
ready for a general aflault on'the city of Alexandria, and 
every advantageous pofition fecured, with the interrup¬ 
tion only of fome flight (kirmilhes, in which a few of the 
troops had been killed and wounded. The greateft lofs 
was Achmed Bey, who was killed in reconnoitring the 
fort of Marabout. 
The enemy was not infenfible of tliefe advantages gain¬ 
ed ; and at half after four in the evening of the 26th, an 
aid-de-camp of general Menou prefented himfelf with a 
letter, requefting a ceffation of hoftilities, to give time 
for a capitulation. This was granted by general Hutch¬ 
infon i and, on the 2d of September, 1801, at twelve 
o’clock, the Englifh army took poflefflon of the French 
lines. The Britifh and Turkilh flags were immediately 
hoifted together, and the whole was conduced with the 
greateft precifion and regularity. The terms granted to 
the enemy were the fame as had been extended to the- 
garrifon of Cairo, and the number of effective troops 
which now furrendered, amounted to 10,508. In the 
harbour of Alexandria was taken one ftiip of fixty-four 
guns, three frigates, two floops of war, and two hundred 
fail of merchantmen. 
It is a remarkable circumflance, that, on the fnrrender 
of Alexandria, the French frigate la Juftice fell into our 
hands; and that the capture of this fhip completed the 
total annihilation of the fleet of admiral Brueys. Of the 
four fail, which efcaped under admiral Gantheaume, on 
the morning of the 2d of Auguft, the Genereux, Guil¬ 
laume Tell, and la Diane frigate, had been at different 
periods captured by the Britiftrcruizers; la Juftice alone 
liad, till this capitulation, furvived the defeat in Abou- 
kir bay. 
The following is an official return of the difpofalof the 
French army in Egypt, by the Briiiili forces: 
Military. Civil* 
Killed in the different actions, and dead of 
wounds.3)000 
Prifoners taken in battle, in the different 
convoys, and the garrifons of the forts . 3,500 
The garrifon of Cairo, to which is to be 
added 500 deferters, whom nothing could 
reftrain from felling themfelves to become 
mamalukes, and excluded 760 auxiliaries 
embarked.13,672 82 
The garrifon of Alexandria, including the 
marines doing duty, and about 200 auxi¬ 
liaries .10,508 686 
Soldiers dead by the plague and other ma¬ 
ladies fince the landing of the Englifh . 1,500 
Total 32,180 768- 
Thus ended the European war in Egypt, and thus ter¬ 
minated a campaign, which will for ever refleCt the 
brighteft glory on the army and navy of Great Britain, 
whofe united exertions in fo ftibrt a period, annihilated 
an ufurpation as dangerous as it was unjuft and unprece¬ 
dented, and reftored the fovereignty of Egypt to its an¬ 
cient conftitution and government. That the policy of 
Bonaparte had led him to feize upon this rich and exten- 
five domain, with a view to reduce it to the ftate,of a 
French colony, there can no longer be a doubt; becaufe 
we have feen that a civil eftablifhment, with all the fub- 
ordinate characters necelfary for fueh a purpofe, was 
abfolutely aftigned. The great object of this policy was. 
not only the acquifition of a rich territory “ flowing 
with milk and honey,” but it had in view a competitor- 
fhip with Great Britain in her Eaft-Tndian commerce, and 
finally, perhaps, the feizure of Hindooftan. 
Weak minds are (truck with admiration and aftonifli- 
ment at the rapid progrefs of the French arms, and tlie 
blaze of glory attributed to Bonaparte, in haying made 
a complete conqueft of the whole territory of Upper and 
Lower Egypt, in the fhort compafs of only fourteen 
months! But this blaze will fubfide, and all wonder 
vanifh, the moment it is recollected that'this vaft con¬ 
queft: was made againft an almoft defencelefs people, who. 
were taken by furprife, who every where withdrew from 
the favage fword of a northern depredator, who were 
worn down by inteftine broils, and who had neither for¬ 
tifications, nor troops, nor artillery, to oppofe to the at¬ 
tacks and inroads of fuch an unlooked-for enemy. The 
only ftand that could be made, was heroically made by 
the undifciplined mamalukes; and we have feen, that 
had their exertions been fupported by an army of infan¬ 
try verfed in European tatties, and put on an equal foot¬ 
ing in point of ordnance, this conqueft perhaps had ne-ver 
beeu 
