E L M 
sos 
branchlets, except the tip, are wholly covered with 
fraill flowers, each having a fmall roundifh bratte at the 
bafr, the loweft on each branchlet being much larger 
than the others with a lanceolate point. The flowers 
have a Angular and very ftrong fniell, like anife-f'eeds 
mixed with chervil-leaves, Fruit larger than a pigeon’s 
egg; the pericarpium variegated with yellow, black, and 
red, and fo full of oil as to run out on being very (lightly 
preffed. Nut black, with longitudinal interrupted whitifh 
(freaks. Mr. Miller fays, that the leaflets are long, nar¬ 
row, and not fo (tiff as mod of the palms; that the foot- 
ffalks of their leaves are broad at the bafe, where they 
embrace the (tern, diminiih gradually upwards, and are 
armed with ftrong, blunt, yellowifh, thorns, which are 
larged at their bafe. The flow'ers come out at the top 
of the ftem among the leaves ; fome bunches have only 
male flowers, others female ; the latter are fucceeded by 
oval berries, bigger than the largeft Spanifh olives, but 
of the fame lhape ; they grow in very large bunches, and 
when ripe are of a yellowifh colour. F'rom this fruit the 
inhabitants of the Weft India illands draw an oil, in the 
fame manner as it is extracted from olives. They alfo 
extract a liquor from the body of the tree, which when 
fermented lias a vinous quality, and will inebriate. The 
leaves are wrought by the negroes into mats, on which 
they repofe. It is called in the Weft Indies the oily palm, 
and by fome negroes oil ; the fruit of this tree having been 
firft carried from Africa to America by the negroes. It 
grows in great plenty on the coaft of Guinea, and alfo in 
the Cape de Verd iflands, but was not in any of our Ame¬ 
rican colonies, till it was carried there by the negroes, 
who now propagate it in great plenty. Jacquin alfo fays 
that he has never feen this tree wild in America, and that 
the French call it palmier. 
Gtertner has fet down another eheis, which he names 
meladococca, from the blacknefs of the nuts. He thinks it 
may poftiblv be no more than a variety : the (hell, how¬ 
ever, is much (mailer, and not fo much bellied, but ra¬ 
ther oblong, and fuddenly contracted at the tip into an 
oblique dagger-point ; it is alfo thinner, and elegantly 
variegated on the outfide with teftaceous ftreaks, irregu¬ 
larly confluent, with other alternate ftreaks like the others, 
but of a coal black ; when broken it appears of a l*ooty 
black colour. The feed is ovate-oblong, and brown. 
Jacquin alfo mentions another very thorny palm, which 
has fomewhat of the-fame habit with elaeis guineenfis, 
and is called in Martinico grigri. The fruit is eatable, 
of an acid flavour, globular, ilightly deprelfed, acuminate 
by means of the ftyle, fcarlet and (hining. The pulp is 
fmall, red, foft, and not fibrous, furrounded by a very 
thin pellicle. Nut brown, with three obfeure holes, 
from which run lines in a ftellate order like veins over the 
whole furface. Kernel cartilaginous, and hollow. 
Another palm occurs about Carthagena, called by the 
natives corozo. They make both an oil and a butter of 
the fruit for domeftic ufes. The pericarpium is (hining, 
and yellow on the outfide, fupported by a three-leaved 
calyx and a three-petalled corolla, permanent and (hining; 
it is but little fibrofe, not thick, and contains a plea(ant 
oil. Its form is ovate, obfcurely three-cornered. Nut 
black, and (hining, of the fame form, with three obfeure 
holes at the bale. Kernel roundifii, cartilaginous, very 
bard, folid, with the center flightly cloven. Linnaeus 
(in Mant.) refers to the third palm of Miller, which is 
the macaw-tree of the Weft Indies. See Bactris and 
Cocos. 
propagation and Culture. It muft conftantly be kept in 
the bark ftove, otherwife it will not make any great pro- 
grefs. In about twenty years it will be too tall for molt 
of our ftoves. It is propagated by feeds; for the fowing 
and management of which, fee Palms and Phoenix. 
ELsftLOCAR'PUS, J'. [from eAco«, olive, and xagwo?, 
fruit.] In botany, a genus of the. clafs polyandria, order 
mortogynia, natural order of guttiferae. The generic cha¬ 
racters aie—Calyx: perianthium one-leafed, fpreading, 
el m 
permanent, five-parted; leaflets linear-lanceolate, con^ 
cave, (harp. Corolla: petals five, with claws ; multifid- 
laciniate, the extreme jags capillary, equal, fcarcely longer 
than the calyx, inferted at the bafe of the nettary. Sta¬ 
mina : filaments twenty to thirty, capillary, very flender,- 
lhort, inferted into the nettary; antherae fhorter than the 
corolla, upright, linear, fcabrous, two-valved at the tip;, 
valves fpreading, with about five ciliate hairs, very (len¬ 
der, from reflex expanding, unequal., Piftillum : germ 
fomewhat globular, villofe, fitting on the nettary ; ftyle 
filiform, longer than the ftamens; ftigma (harp, Peri¬ 
carpium : drupe oblong, of a fmooth even fur-face. Seed : 
nut oblong, grooved and tubercled; (hell fubtrivalvular; 
kernel fubtrigonal.— EJentialCharacter . Calyx, five-leaved 
(or one-leafed, five-parted) ; corolla, five-petalled, jagged ; 
antherae two-valved at the tip; drupe with a curled (hell. 
Species, i. Elaeocarpus ferratus, or ferrate-leaved eh-eo- 
carpus: leaves alternate, lanceolate-elliptic, ferrate; ra¬ 
cemes axillary. Branches round, warted, fmooth; leaves 
petioled, three inches long, bluntly-ferrate, fmooth, 
nerved, and veined ; flowers diftant. Linnaeus obferves, 
that they are Ample, loofe, (blitary, the length of the 
leaves, which have a double gland at their bafe. Accord¬ 
ing to Retzius, the calyx has three, four, or five, (harp- 
keeled divifions; and the corolla has three petals, cut in 
tripartite divifions ; the ftamens twenty-five, with anthers 
terminating in cirrhofe threads, and the germ very to- 
mentofe. Linnaeus affirms, that there are twenty ftamens 
in the Ceylonele plant, eight in that from Java, and fix- 
teen in Burman’s; who fays, however, that there are fix- 
teen when there are four divifions of the calyx, and twenty 
when there are five. The defeription under Dicera den- 
tata belongs to this fpecies. Native of the Euft Indies. 
2. Elaeocarpus dentatus, or tooth-leaved elaeocarpus 
leaves alternate, oblong, tooth-ferrate at top; racemes 
axillary ; flowers one-ftyled. Native of the iflands of the 
South Seas. Thefe two fpecies have been confounded. 
3. Elaeocarpus dicera, or dicera elaeocarpus : leaves 
oppofite, ovate, uoubly-ferrate; racemes compound ; 
flowers four-ftyled. According to Linnaeus’s Supple¬ 
ment, it correfponds with the preceding in the ftrutture 
of the flower ; but it differs in having four ftyles, a ber¬ 
ried four-celled fruit, and two feeds in each cell. See 
Dicera serrata. 
4. Elaeocarpus copalliferus, orcopal elaeocarpus: leaves 
quite entire ; panicle terminating. It yields the copal 
refin, but of this there are feveral forts. It is thus de- 
feribed by Vahl: This is a lofty tree, with round branches, 
mealy-tomentofe at the top, and ferruginous. Leaves pe¬ 
tioled, alternate, half a foot long and more, lanceolate, 
acuminate, rounded at the bafe, almoft three inches 
broad, fubcoriaceous, fmooth on both (ides, above very 
finely marked with lines along the nerves, and with more 
obfeure oblique lines between the nerves, beneath having 
protuberant alternate nerves. Vahl obferves, that Vale¬ 
ria of Linnaeus agrees with elaeocarpus in the calyx, 
corolla, anthers, and fruit; and that they are the fame, 
appears from the fpecimen in Herman’s Herbarium. He 
does not find that the calyx is fuperior, as Retzius affirms 
it to be. Native of the Eaft Indies. 
5. Elaeocarpus integerrimus, or entire-leaved elaeocar- 
pus: leaves lanceolate, quite entire; flowers heaped, 
axillary. This is a middie-lized tree, with fpreading 
branches. Leaves fmooth, petioled, alternate. Flowers 
many, golden, fweet-fmelling. Native of Cochin-china, 
where it is alfo cultivated on account of the fweetnefs 
and beauty of the flowers. 
6. Elteocarpus oblongus, or oblong elaeocarpus. Na¬ 
tive of the Eaft Indies. 
ELr£ODEN'DRUM,y'. [from eXutu, olive, and hvfy m, 
a tree.] The Olive-wood ; in botany, a genus of the 
clafs pentandria, order monogynia. The generic charac¬ 
ters are—Calyx : perianthium live-leaved ; leaflets round- 
i(h, blunt, concave, fpreading very much, fmall, perma¬ 
nent, Corolla; petals five, roundifh, blunt, concave, 
fpreading 
