463 E L £ 
given us the mod authentic information. We are told 
by thofe hiftorians, that, in the ifland of Ceylon, now be¬ 
longing to Great Britain, the elephants live in fmall 
troops or families.' In wandering from place to place, 
the males, who are armed with the larged talks, put 
themlelves at the head of the troop. Thefe are the fird 
to face every danger. In fwimming over any large river 
they lead the van, and feek out a landing-place ; next 
follow the young elephants that have not yet attained 
their full growth, clinging together by the trunks; the 
red of the full-grown bring up the rear. 
But the mod driking feature of fexual regard in this 
animal, was exemplified in the manners of a male and 
female elephant, brought to Paris from the Hague, in 
1797. The place allotted for their reception had been 
long prepared. It is a fpacious hall in the mufetim of 
natural hidory, well aired and lighted, A dove is placed 
in it to warm it during the winter, and it is divided into 
two apartments, which have a communication with each 
other by means of a large door refembling a portcullis. 
The enclofure round thefe apartments confids of rails 
made of drong thick beams; and a fecond enclofure, bread 
high, runs round them, to keep the fpeftators at fome 
didance, and prefe.rve them from accidents. The morn¬ 
ing after their arrival, thefe animals were put in poffef- 
fiOn of their new habitation. The fird conduced to it 
was the male, who ilfued from his iron cage with precau¬ 
tion, and feemed to enter his apartment with a degree of 
fufpicion. His fird care was to reconnoitre the place. 
He examined each bar with his trunk, and tried their fo- 
lidity by diaking them. Care had been taken to place 
on the outdde the large fcrews by which they are held 
together. Thefe he fought out, and, having found them, 
tried to turn them, but was not able. When he arrived 
at the portcullis, which leparates the two apartments, 
he obferved that it was fixed only by an iron bar, which 
rofe in a perpendicular direction. He raifed it with his 
trunk, pufhed up the door, and entered into the fecond 
apartment, where he received his breakfad. He ate quiet¬ 
ly, and appeared to be perfectly eafy. During this time 
people were endeavouring to make the female enter. It 
is proper here to mention the former mutual attachment 
of thefe two animals, and with what difficulty they were 
parted at the Hague, and induced to travel feparately. 
From the time of their departure they had not feen each 
other, not even at Cambray, where they paded the win¬ 
ter. They had however been fenfible that they were 
near neighbours. The male never lay down, but always 
dood upright, or leaned againd the bars of his cage, and 
kept watch for his female, who lay down and dept every 
night. On the lead noife, or the fmalled alarm, he fent 
forth a cry to give notice to his companion. The joy 
which they expreded on feeing each other, after fo long 
a feparation, was very remarkable. When the female 
entered, die fent forth a cry expreflive only of the plea- 
fure which fhe felt at finding herfelf more at large. She 
did not at. fird obferve the male, who was bufy feeding 
in the fecond apartment. The latter alfo did not imme¬ 
diately difcover that his companion was fo near him; but 
the keeper having called him, he turned round, and im¬ 
mediately the two animals rulhed toward each other, and 
fent forth cries of joy fo animated and loud, that they 
fhook the whole hall. They breathed alfo through their 
trunks with fiich violence, that the blad refembled an 
impetuous gud of wind. The joy of the female was the 
mod lively; fhe expreded it, by quickly flapping her 
ears, which fhe made to move with adonifhing celerity. 
She drew her trunk .over the body of the male with the 
utmod tendernefs. Site, in particular,. applied it to his 
ear, where fhe kept it a long time, and, aftCr having 
drawn it over the whole body of the male, die would of¬ 
ten move it affectionately towards her own mouth. The 
male did the fame thing over the body of. the female ; 
but his joy was more concentrated. Fie feemed to ex- 
prefs it by his-tears, which fell from his eyes in abun- 
E L E 
daneef The fociety of thefe two animals, their habits, 
their mutual tendernefs, and their natural attachment, 
dill excited by the privation of liberty, may hereafter 
furnifh curious obfervations for the hidory of their fpe- 
cies, (liould they be able to endure the vicifiitudes of 
our climate, Thefe two elephants, which are natives of 
Ceylon, were brought to Holland when quite young. 
They are now about twenty years of age ; and their height 
is from feven to eight feet. We might here remark, that 
all the elephants heretofore imported into Europe, how¬ 
ever liberally fed, and carefully managed, have perifhed 
by a premature death. At St. Petei (burgh, though 
clothed, and kept in houfes warmed by doves, and fed 
on rice, their mod favourite food, they could not furvive 
the feverity of the climate. 
The tulks of the elephant have long been applied, un¬ 
der the denomination of ivory, to a variety of important 
ufes in the arts. In the country of Sogno, in Lower 
Ethiopia, the natives didil a water from the bones of the 
elephant’s legs, which they edeem- an excellent remedy 
for adhma, fciatica, and feveral other complaints. The 
Giaghi regard the tail of this animal with religious vene¬ 
ration. When a chief or fovereign dies, an elephant’s 
tail is confecrated to preferve his memory. But a (acred 
tail mud always have been cut off from a living elephant, 
and at a Angle droke. 
Over all the north of Afia, and through feveral other 
parts of the globe, entire or partial (keietons of the ele¬ 
phant are occaiionally found in a foil'll date. Grinders 
and tudcs are numerous throughout Siberia. Thefe were 
once aferibed to an imaginary animal under the name of 
mammoth. In America too, there are large animal (keie¬ 
tons found in a.foil'll date, which, though their druCture 
appears fomewhat different from that of the elephant, 
they approach, however, nearer to this than to any other 
known fpecies, and are therefore now referred to this 
genus. See the article Mammoth. 
We are greatly indebted to Mr. Corfe, and Mr. Eve- 
rard Home, .for the new and valuable information con¬ 
tained in this article. 
E'LEPHAS,yi in botany. See Rhinanthus. 
E'LERO, a river of Piedmont, which runs into the 
Tanaro, near Carri. 
ELESCHE'VI, a town of Ruffian Siberia, in the go¬ 
vernment of Tobolflc, on the Tchulim : eighty-four miles 
ead-north-ead of Tomfk. 
ELET'TARI, f. in botany. See Amomum. 
To E'LEVATE, v. a. \_elevo , Lat.j To raife up aloft. 
—This fubterranean heat or fire, which elevates the water 
out of the abyfs. Woodward. —To exalt; to dignify.— A 
gentleman of the popular faCtion had been long declaim¬ 
ing againd any kind of honours, that tended to elevate a 
body of people into a didinct fpecies from the red of the 
nation. Skenjlone. —To raife with great conceptions.—In 
all that great extent, wherein the mind wanders, in thofe 
remote (peculations it may feem to be elevated with, it 
dirs not beyond fenfe or reflection. Locke. 
Now rifing fortune elevates his mind, 
He (bines unclouded, and adorns mankind. Savage. 
To elate with vicious pride : 
To mifehief fwift, hope elevates , and joy 
Brightens his cred. Milton. 
To leflen by detraction. This fenfe, though legitimately 
deduced from the Latin, is not now in tile.—When the 
judgments of learned men are alleged againd you, what 
do they but either elevate their credit, or oppofe unto 
them the judgments of others as learned ?. Hooker. 
E'LEVATE, part. adj. Exalted; raifed aloft: 
On each fide an imperial city dood, 
With tow’rs and temples proudly elevate 
On feven fmall hills. Milton. 
ELEVA'TION, f. [elevatio , Lat.] The aCt of railing 
aloft.—The difruption of the (trata, the elevation of fome, 
and 
