460 
E L E 
and depreflfion of others, did not fall out by chance, but 
were directed by a difcerning principle. Woodward—Ex- 
altation ; dignity .—Angels, in their feveral degrees of 
elevation above us, may be endowed .with more cornpre- 
henfive faculties. Locke.— Exaltation of the mind by no¬ 
ble conceptions.—We are therefore to love him with all 
poilible application and elevation of fpirit, with all the 
heart, foul, and mind. Worm.—Exaltation of ftyle.—His 
ftyle was an elegant perfpicuity, rich of phrafe, but'fel- 
dom any bold metaphors ; and fo far from tumid, that it 
rather wanted a little elevation. Wotton— Attention to ob¬ 
jects above us. All which different elevations of fpirit 
unto God are contained in the name of prayer. Hooker. _ 
The height of any heavenly body with refpett to the 
horizon.—Some latitudes have no canicular days, as thofe 
which have more than feventy-three degrees of northern 
elevation, as Nova Zembla. Brown. 
ELEVA'TOR,/; [front elevate.'] A raifer or lifter up. 
ELEVA'TOR, f. in anatomy, the name of feveral 
mufcles, <fo called from their ferving to raife the parts of 
the body to which they belong. In forgery, it is an in¬ 
urnment for railing depreffed or fraChued parts of the 
Ikitll. See Surgery. r 
ELEV A'TOR, J'. A machine for railing any thin°- to 
an height front the furface of the earth; lately invented 
by Dr. Collin, of the American Philofophical Society 
who was honoured with the Magellanian gold medal for 
this invention. The main body of the bafe is a rectan¬ 
gular folid floor, as reprefented in the figure. The pil¬ 
lars A A, Hand vertical 
on the long diameter of 
the bafe, equally diffant 
from its ends. Their feet 
enter into it, and are by 
ffrong faftenings incorpo¬ 
rated with itsbody. Thefe 
pillars are pairs. Their 
inner Tides have grooves 
frompop to bottom,which 
terminate by offsets in cy- 
lindric fegments. Near 
the tops are central ern- 
brafures, whofe (ides are 
fortified with iron plates 
that reach within the fo- 
lid parts above and be¬ 
low. The pulleys are of 
metal, with fteel axes and 
brafs naves for eafy turn¬ 
ing, and deep channels 
for fecuring the cords. 
The pillars are joined by 
three pairs of ribs. Thefe 
are rectangular; and wide, 
but comparatively thin ; 
placed horizontally, be¬ 
tween the tops and era. 
brafures, about the mid¬ 
dles, and near the feet. 
Their ends are clofely fit- 
r- 7 — — 
well faftened. The piers 
R B, are more flender than 
A A, with fhorter heads; 
but the length of their bodies is equal to the whole of 
thefe. They have fimilar grooves, embrafures, pulleys, 
and joining ribs. Their faces are parallel reCtangles. The 
backs of their bodies have tongues along the middles that 
fit the grooves of A A. Thefe are vertical reftangular 
ridges, and parts of the very pieces, formed by cutting 
down both Tides to a proper level. Thele lower furfaces, 
being even and fmooth, will thus move clofe along the 
correfponding plain parts of A A, while the tongues glide 
in contaCt with the (ides of the grooves. The cords a a , 
are well paired in length and texture. They ply over the 
Vol. VI. No. 365. 
E L E 
pulleys of A A, in the faid hollows behind the grooves; 
having their ends fixed under the feet of B B, and on the 
boxes of the windlafs. This is well fecured in the bafe, 
clofe to and right beneath the pillars. The cords bb are 
faftened by one end on the heads of A A..They pafs over 
the pulleys of B B, and reach as far below them as a a 
reach below the pulleys'of A A, which is the diftance of 
thefe pulleys from the bafe. Their other ends are tacked 
a little above the bottoms of the piers C C. Thefe piers 
are with their apparatus framed like B B ; have lefs bulk 
and fhorter heads. Their pulleys clear the tops of B B 
when the machine is down. The cords cc have the fame 
length with bb, below the pulleys of CC; plying over 
thefe; faftened on the head's of B B, and fontewhat above 
the bottom of the pier D. This is a (ingle piece. It has 
two backs to fit the grooves of C C, formed like the backs 
ot the other pieces. A frame is accurately fixed and poiied 
on the top of D. In this the load L is placed, fo that its 
center of gravity is exaCtly or very nearly over the center 
of the frame. When the power begins to wind the cords 
aa, thefe raife the piers B B. As they rife, their pulleys 
recede from the tops of A A, and by ftretching the cords 
bb, lift the piers CC. Thefe recede at the fame time 
from the tops of B B, and lift the pier D. Thus while 
B B are wound up front the bafe to the height of the pul¬ 
leys of A A, D rifes treble that height; and, however 
great may be the number of moving pieces, it multiplies 
the celerity and acquired elevation of the uppermoft by 
that of the firft. As the duration and celerity of all the 
movements is the fame, the lengths of all the cords be¬ 
low the refpeflive pulleys muff be equal. As the whole 
acquired elevation is by thofe parts of the piers which 
are drawn out of their folds, thefe ought to have a very 
great proportion. Therefore B B reach the bafe when 
down ; and the heads of A A are but long enough to,keep 
them fafe in their grooves, when drawn up. Again, as 
the ends of the cords bb will be above the bafe according 
to the length of the heads of A A, the heads of B B are 
(hortened, and the bodies of C C are prolonged below 
thofe ends in order to fave room, and yet afford thefe 
piers a fecure depth in the grooves of B B, when drawn 
up. On the fame principle the heads of CC are fliort- 
ened, and a part of D left under the ends of cc. '1 he pier 
D prelfes the cords cc by its own weight, and the load I,. 
This preffure caufes an equal pulling, and confequential 
refiftance in the tops of the piers B B. The pulleys of the 
piers C C muff bear this double preffure — 2 L 2 D. 
Thefe therefore prefs the cords bb, with faid weight and 
their own — 2L + 2D+CC. This doubled = 41. -|- 
4 D + 2 C C is the preffure on the pulleys of B B : but 
their heads are pulled up by L + D: the difference of 
thefe forces added to their own weight is the preffure of 
thefe piers on the cords a a, — 3L+3D + 2CC+BB. 
The power on the windlafs muff be equal to this. The 
form of the windlafs determines, in combination with 
the preceding, the fpeed of operation, and the degree of 
power. It admits various modes: for example, one might 
be placed on either fide of the pillars, with long handles 
on the winches, by which eight men can work together. 
This model is intended to (hew confiderable effeCls from 
an eafy apparatus; accordingly two men lift another, and 
three tiers of piers; they are aided by a fufticient pro¬ 
jection of the winches beyond the femidiameter of the 
boxes: this has fuch proportion to the height of the pul¬ 
leys in the pillars, and the equal length of the cords a a 
below them, that the whole winding is done by a few 
turns. The dimenfions of the piers are not fpecified ; 
but the machine has great liability, and the bafe is not 
extenfive. 
This machine combines thefe advantages: ready ap¬ 
proach to heights otherwife not accellible without great 
trouble; fpeedy afeent and defeent ; convenient folding 
for keeping under cover, and for eafy conveyance. It can 
be applied to feveral ufeful purpoles: quick hoifting and 
lowering of things on many occalions; particularly laving 
6 D of 
