492 ' E M 13 E 
6. Embeviza Sir, ends, the Cliinefe bunting: bill pale 
rufous; irides yellow; top of the head, and all the up¬ 
per parts of the body, of a reddifh rufous colour, with 
yellowifli edges-; the lefl’er wing-coverts very light yel¬ 
low; the fecond quills deep brown, edged with rufous 
grey; the prime quills umber-colour, edged with dull 
yellow ; the throat, bread, belly, and vent, fine yellow; 
down the middle of the belly a longitudinal (freak of 
brown; the tail is alfo of this colour, edged with gi'ey.- 
Found in theTouthern provinces of China, in the months 
of Odlober, November, and December. 
7. Emberiza citrinella, the yellow-hammer: length fix 
inches and a quarter ; bill dufky; irides hazel ; crown of 
the head in fome of a beautiful pale, and in others of a 
full yellow; nape greenilh ; cheeks yellow ; over the 
eyes a brownifli flripe, palling backwards; the hind part 
of the neck, and upper parts of the body, are blackifh 
down the fiiaft, rufous on the, (ides, and fringed with 
grey ; rump pale tawny ; chin, and under parts, yellow, 
inclining to reddifh on, the bread, and dallied with dufky 
on the (ides; the wings are reddifh brown, olive or dufky, 
mixed, and edged chiefly with grey ; the tail brown, a 
little forked ; the two middle feathers edged-with grey, 
the others outwardly .with olive, except at the ends, 
where the margin is grey-* the outernietfl' are-edged with 
white ; and a (pot of white-juA at the tip. The female ; 
is much duller in colour, and has very little yellow about 
the head. This is one of the mod common of our Britifh 
birds, known every where to make a tied compofed of 
hay, or draw mixed with a little mofs, dried leaves, and 
(talks, very ill put together, and lined with hair or wool; 
generally on the ground, though now and then in a low 
bufh. The eggs in general five or fix in number, marked 
with brown or blackifh irregular breaks, with here and 
there.a blotch. This bird has more than one brood in a 
year. It is reckoned with us of little value ; its note 
trifling, and is therefore never kept in a cage ; though in 
fpring the male has a-fort of fong, confiding of (even 
■notes ; (I x of the fird are of equal tones, and pretty quick ; 
the lad (harper than the others; and continued to the 
-length at lead of three of the fird. Qlina fays, that they 
partly imitate the warble of the chaffinches, with which 
they alfociate. Fri.fch relates that they adopt fomething 
of the Cong of the canary, when they hear it young ; and 
Aldrovandus (peaks of its fine warble; which would im¬ 
ply that in more favourable climes their notes improve. 
This bird is found throughout Europe, and feeds both 
-on grain and infefts. The flefli, for the table, does not 
def'erve commendation, when caught at large, as it is 
bitter; but how it might improve if fatted like the or¬ 
tolan, is not certain. Buffon confiders it in this refpedt 
-very nearly allied to the ortolan; and in Italy, where 
they eat all Tmall birds without diflindlion, they are 
thought to be very good. 
3 . Emberiza miliaria, the common bunting : lize of the 
yellow-hammer, but dourer in the body : bill pale brown,; 
general colour of the plumage pale olive brown, with a 
blackiih dafli down the (haft of each feather, which is r 
fringed on the edge with rufous; under parts plain yel- 
lowilh white, dadied on the (ides with dufky; quills dufky, 
with yellowifli edges; tail-feathers the fame, and forked. 
The female differs little, exqept in palenefs of colour. 
This is alfo common in England, but much lefs lb than 
the lad ; and in winter unites with them in large flocks. 
The female builds the ned three or four inches from the 
ground, on fome tuft of decayed herbage or dead plant, 
and lays five or fix eggs. During the time of the hen’s 
fitting, the male is leen on fome bare branch of an adja¬ 
cent tree; uttering a tremulous kind of note, three or 
four times repeated. At the end of harved they are 
caught in nets ; and, from tljeir (imilar plumage, are fold 
for larks to the ignorant; and, indeed, by the better in¬ 
formed they pafs by the name of hunting larks. Though 
thefo birds remain the whole year in,England, yet we 
find them named as migratory on the continent. In 
, R I Z A. 
France they are rarely feen in winter, departing with the 
fwallow ; and are laid to be more plenty about Rome than 
elfewhere. They are common throughout Germahy, the 
font hern parts of RulTia, Sweden, and Denmark, but not 
in Siberia. 
9. Emberiza fchcenielus, the reed bunting : fize of 
the yellow-hammer ; bill brown; irides hazel; the head, 
throat, fore part of the neck, and bread, black; on each 
fide of the neck a pale fireak, which palfes backward, 
encircling the back part of the,neck as a ring; the up¬ 
per parts of the body and wings brownifli red, with a 
fireak of black down the fhaft-s; the lower part of the 
bread and belly white, dreaked with dufky on the Tides ; 
the eight middle tail-feathers black; the two middle 
ones edged with rufous. In young birds the black on the 
head is mixed witit brown. The female has the head and 
neck partly of the- fame colour as the upper parts of the 
body; otherwife is marked like the male, though more 
dull. This bird frequents the marfhy grounds in Eng¬ 
land, efpecially where reeds grow ; between four of which 
it faflens its-nett, two or three feet above the water. It 
is compofed of dry grafs dalles, and lined within with tire 
foft down of the reed ; the eggs are four or five in num¬ 
ber, of a bluidi white, marked with irregular ptirplifli 
veins, mod confpicuous at the large end. Its refort is 
for the mod part near the water; and it is likely that it 
feeds on the feeds of the reed, like the bearded titmoufe. 
With 11s they remain the whole year, but in fome parts 
of the continent they are migratory. In Lorraine num¬ 
bers are feen palling on their paflage to other parts, both 
in fpring. and autumn, though fome few day there the 
whole year. The extreme limits of their peregrination 
are between Sweden and Italy. In fpring the male fits 
perched on a reed, and has a pleafing kind of warbling 
fohg. It is frequently heard to fing in the night, as well 
as day. There is a variety of the reed bunting, with the 
head and neck dufky black; upper parts of the body 
brown; wing-coverts incline to afh colour; prime quills 
dulky, edged with cinereous ; fecondaries dufky, the 
outer webs brown; the fix middle tail-feathers dufky ; 
the two outer ones wholly white,-fringed with dufky near 
the tip ; under parts of the body pale. Found at the 
Cape of Good Hope. 
10. Emberiza Provincialis, the mudachio bunting: 
length little more than four inches-: bill dufky; upper 
parts not unlike the reed fparrovv ; through the eye a 
(treak of white palfes on eacii lide of the neck ; under the 
eye a large patch of black 4 chin white; on each fide the 
throat is a dreak of black ; the bread and fides pale 
brown, fpotted with black; the red of the under parts 
white; acrofs the middle of the wings a bar of white; 
quills and tail duflty, edged with rufous; legs pale brown; 
Inhabits Provence; feeds on grain, and perches often. 
In April it is faid to fing agreeably. It is called there 
chic-gavotte, and chic-moudache. 
•11. Emberiza Lefbia, the Lelbian bunting: very fimi- 
lar to the lad, but lias not the black fpot under the eye ; 
having, indead of it, only three narrow black bands, the 
fpaces between which are white; it is alfo white round 
the eye ; the bread, rump, and fides, are not fpotted with 
dufky; the tail-feathers are white, except the two mid¬ 
dle, which are dulky, edged with rufous. This alfo in¬ 
habits Provence, and dilfers in not being in fong till June; 
it is more rare than the lad, and very w.ild ; and from 
fetting up a let earn on the approach of any of the birds 
of prey, it is called chic de Mitilene. The Greeks in 
the illand of Leffcos, or Metelin, are (aid to-life this in- 
flindt of the Lelbian bunting to advantage, by placing 
one of thefo birds among their poultry in their yards, in 
a drong cage; by which means the fowls there kept are 
fooiier advifed of the approach of the hawk, or other 
bird of prey, than by any oilier method. 
12, Emberiza I.otharinica, the Lorraine bunting : bill 
brownifli flefli colour ; upper parts of the head,, neck, 
and body, rufous, dallied with black ; fides of the head 
pale; 
