£ M F 
encourage the ftudy of them among Chriftian fcholars; 
and he alfo employed himfelf. in refuting the objections 
of the Jews againft the Chriftian religion. Drufius and 
Erpenius were his matters in the oriental tongues. He 
was profefi'or of theology and of Hebrew at Harderwyck 
during eight years, after which he was appointed pro- 
feflbr of Hebrew at Leyden in 1627. On that occafion he 
pronounced an oration Dc dignitate & utilitatc Lingua He¬ 
braic*. He died in 1648, at an advanced time of life, and 
not long after he had entered on the duties of theological 
profeifor in the univerlity of Leyden. His tranflations of 
Jewifh books and Talmudical writings, though not tree 
from faults, deferve to be reckoned among the be ft works-, 
of that defeription, and are accompanied with ufeful notes 
and remarks. His works were, 1. Difputationes theolo¬ 
gies Hardevicenae. 2. Paraphrafis Jourrnis Jachiadae in 
Danielem. 3. Itinerarium Rabbi Benj. Tudel. 4 . Halicot 
Olam, feu Clavis Talmtidicae. 3. Middot, feu de Templo 
Hierofolymitano, & de menfuris Templi. 6. Brava Cava, 
feu de Damnis. 7. Abarbanel & Alcheifch in E(ai liii. 
with a refutation of the Grammar of Mofes Kimchi; and 
an edition, with ufeful remarks, of Bertram’s valuable 
treatife De Republica Hebraorum. 
EMPE'RISHT, part. adj. Perifhed : 
That his fad mother feeing his fore plight 
Was greatly woe-begon, and gan to feare 
Lead liis fraile fenfes were emptrijht quight. Spcnfer. 
EM'PEROR,yi \_empereur, Fr. imperator, Lat.] The 
higheft ruler of large kingdoms and territories ; a title 
anciently given to renowned and victorious generals of 
armies, who acquired great power and dominion. And 
this title is not only given to the emperor of Germany, 
as emperor of the Romans ; but was formerly belonging 
to the kings of England, as appears by a charter of king 
Edgar., It was alfo a title taken by fome of the early 
kings of France. See the articles France and Germany. 
EM'PERY, f. [ empire, Fr. imperium, Lat.] Empire; 
fovereignty; dominion. A word out of vje; 
A lady 
So fair, and fatten’d to an empery. 
Would make the great’ft king double. Shakcfpeare. 
EM'PETRUM, f. [from ev and orBr^o;, a rock ; fo 
named from the place of i;s growth.] In’botany, a genus 
of the clafs dioecia, order triandria, natural order of 
ericae. The generic characters are—I. Male. Calyx : 
perianthium three-parted ; divifions ovate, permanent. 
Corolla : petals three, ovate-oblong, narrower at the bate, 
larger than the calyx, withering. Stamina: filaments 
three, capillary, very long, hanging forwards ; antherre 
upright, fhort, two-parted. II. Female. Calyx: peri¬ 
anthium as in the male. Piftillum: germ fitperior, cie- 
prefifed ; ftyle fcarce any ; fiigmas nine, reflex-expand¬ 
ing ; (ftyles three to nine. Gartner.) Pericarpium : berry 
orbiculate, deprefled, one-celled, larger than the calyx. 
Seeds: nine, jointedly placed in a circle, on one fide 
bulging, on the other cornered ; (feeds three to nine, G.) 
— Efential Ckarafiler. Male.. Calyx, three-parted ; corolla 
three-petalled; (lamina, long. Female. Calyx, three- 
parted, corolla, three-petalled; ftyles, three to nine; 
berry, three to nine. 
Species. 1. Empetrum album, or white-berried heath : 
ereCt. This differs from the following fpecies in having 
the fmaller branches pubefeent; the leaves longer, fome- 
what fcabrous on their upper furface, and channelled un¬ 
derneath. Berry guarded at the bafe by the calyx, flefhy, 
white, (hining. Seeds two or three, feldom more, bony, 
on one fide convex and obfeurely furrowed, on the other 
angular or flattilh. Native of Portugal. 
2. Empetrum nigrum, or black-berried heath, crow or 
crake-berry. A fmall decumbent (hrub. The outer bark 
deciduous, and of a brown colour, the inner yellow. 
Branches rough with the remains of the petioles. The 
terminating bud confilts of five membranaceous leaflets, 
hairy at the edge ; this puts forth five little brandies, of 
E M P 507 
which four are in a whorl. The leaves are in fours; 
they are fomewhat three-cornered, with a white linear 
keel, and petioled. Flowers axillary, feflile, (olitary, 
furrounded by a bradle refembling an outer three-parted 
calyx ; calyx whitifh, petals purple ; filaments very long, 
and purple, with brcwnifii black anthers. The female is 
like the male, but the Item is redder; the leaves deep 
green, in fives; piftil black. Berries brownifli black, 
when ripe ; the colour and fize of juniper berries, marked 
at the top with a fmall round hole, protected at the bot¬ 
tom with a whitifh three-leaved calyx, and a red corolla 
of three petals': the flefli is rather firm, and pale green, 
except that towards the circumference it is purplifli ; re¬ 
ceptacle central, columnar, (lender. From fix to nine 
bony pale-coloured feeds are placed round this in a ring, 
and fixed to it a little above the bafe. Linnaeus informs us 
that lie once, and once only, met with a plant which had 
hermaphrodite flowers. Profeffor jacquin obferved fe- 
veral with three, two, and even one, ftamen only; a few 
females, but no males; the ftamens are very upright, 
(tiff, and (traight. Native of the northern parts of Eu¬ 
rope, generally in elevated fituations, both on dry, bar¬ 
ren, and moorilh or boggy foils; in moors from the Baltic 
to the Eaftern Ocean, in Kamtfchatka, and the ides to¬ 
wards America ; in the mountains of Lapland, and at the 
mines of Fahlun it abides, when other plants have pe¬ 
rifhed with the cold ; in Warwickfhire, Staffordfhire, 
Derbyfhire, and the northern counties of England, it is 
frequent; alfo in Scotland. The Highlanders and chil¬ 
dren in Scotland eat the berries, but they are no very 
definable fruit ; and taken in large quantities are faid to 
bring on a (light head-ach. The Ruffian peafants, how¬ 
ever, eat them; and the Kamtfchadales gather great quan¬ 
tities of them to boil with their filh, or to make a fort of 
pudding with the bulbs of their lilies. They are efteemed 
antifcorbutic and diuretic. Groufe and heath-cocks feed 
upon them, and they give the excrement a tinge of pur¬ 
ple. Boiled in alum-water they afford a dark purple dye ; 
and boiled with fat they are faid to be tiled in dying otter 
and fable (kins black. Cattle do not feem to browfe on 
this (hrub. Linnaeus fays that it flowers in April with 
the elm ; with 11s it flowers in April and May. 
Propagation and Culture. Thefe little fhrubs are feldom 
propagated in gardens unlefs for variety fake; but they 
may be cultivated in (hady places, and will thrive very 
well in gardens, where the foil is flirt'. The plants fhould 
be procured from the places where they grow naturally, 
for the feeds remain a year in the ground before they ve¬ 
getate, and afterwards are very (low in their growth. If 
they are planted on a mold boggy foil in autumn, they 
will get roots in the winter, and will require no farther 
care than to clear them from weeds; for thefe low fhrubs 
commonly grow upon tiie tops of wild mountains, where 
the foil is peaty, and full of bogs. See Begonia. 
EM'PHASIS, f. \_emph.afc, Fr. emphafs, Lat. eyfa<ric, 
Gr.] In rhetoric, a remarkable ftrefs laid upon a word 
or (entence ; particular force imprefled by (file or P ro - 
nlineiation. — Emphafs not fo much regards the time as a 
certain grandeur, whereby fome letter, fyllable, word, 
or fentence, is rendered more remarkable than the reft, 
by a more vigorous pronunciation, and a longer (lay upon 
it. Holder. 
EMPHA'TIC, or EmPhatical, adj. [ emphatiqve, Fr. 
enfalico, It. emphaticus, Lat. of sy.party.o^, of ev and (pa,iva, 
Gr.] Forcible; ftrong; (hiking-.—Where he endeavours 
to dilfuade from carnivorous appetites, how emphatical is 
his reafoning ! Garth. —Striking the light.—It is common¬ 
ly granted, that emphatical colours are light itfelf, modi¬ 
fied by refraction. Boyle. 
EMPFIA'TICALLY, ad.v. Strongly; forcibly; In a 
ftriking manner.—How emphatically and divinely does every 
word proclaim the truth of the golpel. South. —Accord¬ 
ing to appearance.—What is delivered of the incurvity of 
dolphins, muft be taken emphatically, not really, but in ap¬ 
pearance, when they leap above water, and fuddenly fhoot 
down 
