574 
ENG 
to the fame court, and had put on man’s apparel for that 
purpofe, when Ihe was, feized by the king’s order, and 
put into confinement. Thus Henry faw all his long-con¬ 
certed views of future happinefs totally clouded ; his 
fons, fcarcely yet arrived at manhood, eager to (hare the 
fpoils of their father’s pofieffions ; his queen warmly en¬ 
couraging thofe undutiful princes in their rebellion ; and 
many potentates of Europe not afhamed to encourage and 
fupport their pretentious. N, r were his profpects much 
more flattering when extended to his nobles and fubjeft's: 
his licentious barons, difgufted with a vigilant adminif- 
tration, vviflted to be governed by princes whom they 
could flatter or intimidate : the clergy had not yet for¬ 
gotten Becket’s death ; and the people confidered him 
as a faint and a martyr, vvhofe blood had not yet been 
fufticiently atoned. In this univerfal difafFeftian, Henry 
fupported that intrepidity of character which he had 
(hewn through life, and prepared fora coated from which 
he could expect to reap neither profit nor glory. 
It was not long before the young princes had fuflicient 
influence upon the continent to raife a powerful confe¬ 
deracy iti their favour. Befide the king of France, Phi¬ 
lip count of Flanders, Matthew count of Boulogne, Theo¬ 
bald count of Blois, and Henry count of Eu, all declared 
themfelves in their intereds. William king of Scotland 
alfo made one of this adociation, and a plan was concerted 
for a general invulion of Henry’s extendve dominions. 
This was put into execution, A. D. 1173. The king’s 
continental dominions were attacked on one fide by the 
counts of Flanders and Boulogne ; and, on the other, by 
the king of France with a large army, which the young 
Englilh princes animated by their prefence and popula¬ 
rity. But Henry found means to difcomfit them in every 
quarter ; the count of Boulogne being mortally wounded 
in the aifault of the town of Driencourt, his death (lop¬ 
ped the progrefs of the Flemifh arms on that fide. The 
French army being obliged to retire from the fiege of 
Vernetiil, Henry attacked their rear, put them to the 
rout, and took many prifoners. The barons of Bretagne 
alfo, who had rifen in favour of the young princes, dtared 
no better fate ; their army was driven from the field, and, 
taking (better in the town of Dol, were there made pri- 
foners of war. Titefe fucceffes reprefled the pride and 
the expectations of the confederated forces, and a confe¬ 
rence was folicitcd by the French king, to which Henry 
readily agreed. In this interview, he had the mortifica¬ 
tion to fee his three fons ranged on the fide of his mortal 
and inveterate enemy ; but he was Hill more aggravated 
to find that their demands rofe in proportion to their in¬ 
capacity to obtain them. 
While Henry was thus quelling the infolence of his fo¬ 
reign enemies, his Englilh fubjefts were on the point of 
revolting from their obedience at home. The nobility 
were in general united to oppofe him ; and an irruption 
at this time by the king of Scotland aflifled their fchem.es 
of infurrection. The earl of Leicefter, at the head of a 
body of Flemings, invaded Suffolk, but was repulfed with 
great (laughter. The earl of Ferrars, Roger dc Mowbray, 
and many others of equal dignity, rofe in arms; while 
the king of Scotland broke into the northern provinces, 
with an army of eighty thou (and men, and made the 
country one ex ten five feene of defolation. Henry, after 
'defeating his enemies in France, battened to oppofe thofe 
in England ; but he imagined that his long diff’enlions with 
Bechet (till operated to his difadvantage in the minds of 
the people, and it was his determination effectually to do 
them away. As foon, therefore, as he came within fight 
of the church of Canterbury, alighting from his horfe, 
he walked barefoot towards the town, proftrated himfelf 
before the (brine- of the faint, remained in faffing and 
prayer a whole day, watched all night the holy relics, 
made a grant of fifty pounds a year to the convent for 
a conffant fupply of tapers to illuminate the flirine ; and, 
not fytisfted witli tliefe fubmiffions, he aflembled a chap¬ 
ter of monks, difrobed before them, put a fcourge of dil- 
.. A N D. 
cipline into each of their hands, and prefented his bare 
(boulders to their infliction. Next day he received abfo- 
lution; and, departing for London, received the agree¬ 
able news of a victory over the Scots, laid to have been 
obtained in the very hour of his penitential di(cipline. 
Having in this fuperffitious manner made his peace 
with the church, and brought over the minds of the peo¬ 
ple, he fought upon furer grounds ; every victory he ob¬ 
tained was imputed to the favour of the reconciled faint, 
and every fuccefs thus tended to afeertain the growing- 
confidence of his party. The victory which was gained 
over the Scots was fignal and decifive. William, their 
king, after having- committed the mod horrible depreda¬ 
tions upon the northern frontiers, had thought proper to 
retreat, upon the advance of an Englilh army, command¬ 
ed by Ralph de Glanville, the famous Englifli lawyer. 
As he had fixed his Ration at Alnwick, he thought him¬ 
felf perfectly fecure, from the remotenefs of the enemy, 
againft any attack. In this, however, he was deceived ; 
for Glanville made a hafty and fatiguing march to the 
place of his encampment, 'and approached it during the 
obfeurity of a miff. The Scots were furprifed in the 
morning to find themfelves attacked by the enemy, which 
they thought at fuch a.diffance; and their king, ven¬ 
turing tyith a (mail body of a hundred horfe to oppofe 
the aff'ailants, was quickly furrounded, and taken pri- 
foner. Flis troops (led on all ikies with the utmoft pre¬ 
cipitation, and made the bed of their way to their own 
country. 
Henry’s affairs now began to wear a better afpeCt; the 
barons, who were preparing for a revolt, made inffant 
fubmillion ; they delivered up their cattles to the victor, 
and England in a few weeks was refrored to perfeft tran¬ 
quillity. Young Henry, who was ready to embark with 
a large army, to fecond the efforts of the Englilh infur- 
gents,' finding all difturbances quieted at home, aban¬ 
doned all thoughts of the expedition. Louis attempted 
in vain to befiege Rouen, which Henry battened over to 
fuccour. A celfation of arms, and a conference, were 
once more agreed upon by the two monarchs. Henry 
granted his fons much lefs advantageous terms than they 
formerly refuted to accept; the mott material, were fonie 
penlions for their fupport, Come cattles for their refidence, 
and an indemnity to all their adherents. Thus England 
emerged from the numerous calamities that threatened 
to-overwhelm it, and the king was anxious to make va¬ 
rious provilions for the glory, the happinefs, and the fe- 
curity, of his people. 
His firtt care was to make his prifoner, the king of 
Scots, undergo a proper punifhment for his unmerited 
and ungenerous attack. That prince was obliged to (ign 
a treaty, by which he was compelled to do homage to_ 
Henry for his dominions in Scotland. It was agreed, that 
his barons and bifhops alfo fhouid do the fame ; and that 
the fortreffes of Edinburgh, Stirling, Berwick, Roxbo- 
rough, and Jedborough, (hould be delivered into the 
hands of the conqueror till the articles were performed. 
This treaty was rigoroully executed; and the king, ba¬ 
rons, and prelates, of Sco 1 .land, did homage to Henry in 
the cathedral of York. His domcttic regulations were as 
judicious as his political conduft was fplendid. He en- 
afted fevere penalties againft robbery, murder, falfe coin¬ 
ing, and burning of houfes ; ordaining, that thefe crimes 
(hoti.ld be punilhed by the amputation of the right hand 
and right foot. He partitioned out the kingdom into four 
divittons ; and appointed judges to go their refpeftive 
circuits to try caules, to reft rain the cruelties of their ba¬ 
rons, and to proteft the lower ranks of the people in fe- 
curity. He renewed the trial by juries, which, by the 
ferocious cuftoin of camp-fight, had almoft grown obfo- 
lete ; and, to fecure the kingdom more effectually againft 
invafion, he eftabliihed a well-armed militia, capable of 
defending the realm upon any emergency. 
But it w.a-s not in the power of human ability to con¬ 
ciliate the turbulent and ambitious difpolition of his fons; 
who } 
