ENG 
who, not content with rebelling; again ft their father, now 
warmly profecutecl their enmities againft each other. 
Richard, whom Henry had made mafter of Guienne,, and 
who had already difplayed uncommon valour in humbling 
his mutinous barons, refuted to obey .his father’s orders 
in doing homage to his elder brother for that duchy. 
Young Henry and Geoffrey, A, D. 1180, uniting their 
arms, carried an implacable war into their brother’s do¬ 
minions ; and while the king was endeavouring to com¬ 
pote their differences, he found himfelf fecretly conl'pired 
againft by them all. What the refillt of this confpiracy 
might have been, is uncertain ; but it was defeated by 
the death of young Henry, who expired in the tweaty- 
fixth year of his age, at Martel-caftle, near Turenne, not 
without the deepeft remorfe for ltis undutiful cor.duCt 
towards his father; who alfo ftiortly aftfer loft ltis foil 
Geoffrey, who was killed in a tournament at Paris, A. D. 
1183. The lofs of th is prince gave few, except the king 
himfelf, any uneafinefs, as he was univerfally hated, and 
went among the people under the opprobrious name of 
The Child of Perdition. 
But the death of the prince did not wholly remove the 
caule of his revolt; for Philip the Great, or Auguftus, 
then king of France, difputed his title to the wardship of 
Arthur, the fon of Geoffrey, who inherited Bretagne on 
the death of his father. Some other cau-fes of dilfenfion 
inflamed the difpute between the two monarchs. Philip 
had again allured Richard from his duty; and in lifted 
upon liis marriage being completed with Adelais, his 
lifter, to whom he had been affianced. In conf'equence 
of this claim, another conference was held between Gifcrs 
and Trie, under a vaft elm, laid to have (haded more 
than an acre. It was in the midft of this conference upon 
their mutual rights, that a new objeCt of intereft was of¬ 
fered to their deliberation, which quickly bore down all 
fecular confiderations before it. This was no lefs than 
the projection of a fecond crufade to the Holy Land. 
Richard, wdio had long wiflied to partake in the glory of 
fuch an expedition, and who could not bear to have even 
his father-a partner in ltis victories, entered into a confe¬ 
deracy with the king of France, who promifed to confirm 
him in thole wifhes, at which he fo ardently afpired. He 
therefore began by making an inroad into the territories 
of the count of Thouloufe, a vafial of the king of France ; 
and this monarch, in order to retaliate, carried the war 
into Berri and Auvergne. Henry, who was apprifed of 
their fecret confederacy, made depredations in turn upon 
the dominions of the French king. Conferences were 
again propofed, attended/ and diCmiffed. At length, 
Henry found himfelf compelled to enter upon a war with 
France and his eldeft fon, who were thus unnaturally 
leagued againft him. He now faw the confederacy daily 
gaining ground. Ferte-Bernard fell firft into the hands 
of the enemy ; Mans was next taken by uffault; Amboife, 
Chaumont, and Chateau de Loire, threw open their gates ; 
Tours was inverted; and the king, who had retired to 
Saumur, had daily inftances of the cowardice and defec¬ 
tion of his governors. While in this ftate of defpondency, 
the duke ot Burgundy, the count of Flanders, and arcli- 
bifhop of Rheints, jnlerpofed their good offices; and a 
treaty was concluded, in which he fubmitted to many 
mortifying concelfions. It was agreed that Richard fliould 
marry the princefs Adelais, and be crowned king of Eng¬ 
land during the life-time of his father. It was ftipulated, 
that Henry fliould pay twenty thoufand marks to the king 
of France, as a compenfation for the charges of the war ; 
that his own barons Ihould engage to make him obferve 
this treaty; and in cafe, of violating it, to be at liberty 
to join Philip and Richard againft him; and that all t’nofe 
who had fought on the fide of Richard, fliould receive a 
free pardon. Tliefe were terms fufficiently humiliating to 
a prince, who had always been accuftomed to give, not 
receive, ftipulations: but what was his aftonifhment, 
when iipon demanding a lift of the perfons who had lifted 
the fvvord againft him, he found his fon John, his fa- 
L A N D. 575 
vourite child, among the number. He" had long borne an 
infirm ftate of body with calm refiguation; he had fee 11 
his children rebel without much emotion ; he faw his own 
fon his conqueror, himfelf bereft of his power, reduced 
to the condition of a fugitive, and almoft fitppliant, in 
his old age; and all this h.e endured with equanimity of 
temper: but when he faw that child, whole iuterefts al¬ 
ways lay next his heart, among the number of thofewho 
were in rebellion againft him, h.e could no longer con¬ 
tain his indignation. He broke out into exprellions of 
the titmoft defpair; curled the day in which he had re¬ 
ceived Ills birth ; and bellowed on his ungrateful children 
a malediction which, he never after could be prevailed 
upon to retraCt. The more his heart was difpofed to 
friendfhip and affection, the more he relented this unna¬ 
tural return ; and now, not having one corner in his heart 
where he could look for comfort, or fly for refuge from 
his conflicting pafiions, he loft all his former vivacity. 
A lingering fever foon terminated his life and his mife- 
ries. He died at the caftle of Chinon, near Saumur, July 6, 
1189, in the fifty-eighth year of ltis age, and the thirty- 
fifth of his reign. His corpfe was conveyed to the nun¬ 
nery of Fonteverard ; and npxt day, while it lay in the 
abbey church, Richard chancing to enter, was (truck with 
horror at the fight. At his approach the blood was feen 
to gufh out at the mouth and noftrils of the corpfe ; and 
this, which, without doubt, was accidental, was inter¬ 
preted by the fuperftition of the times as the moft awful 
rebuke. Richard could not endure the fight; he ex¬ 
claimed, “ that lie was his father’s murderer;” and ex- 
prefled a ftro.ng, though late, fenfe of that undutiful con- 
duCl which brought his parent to an untimely grave. 
Thus died Henry II. the firft monarch of the houfe of 
Plantagenet, the greateft prince of his time for wifdom, 
virtue, and ability, and the moft powerful in extent of 
dominion, of all :hofe that had ever filled the throne of 
England. His character, both in public and private life, 
is almoft without a blemifh ; and he feems ,to have pof- 
feffed every accomplishment, both of body and mind, 
which makes a man eftimable or amiable. He was of a 
middle ftature, ftrong, and well proportioned; his coun¬ 
tenance was lively and engaging; his converfa'tion affable 
and entertaining; his elocution eafy, perfuafive, and ever 
at command. He loved peace, but poffeded both conduct 
and bravery in war; was provident without timidity ; fe- 
vere in the execution of juflice without rigour; and tem¬ 
perate without aufterity. He preserved health, and kept 
himfelf from corpulency, to which he was fomevvhat in¬ 
clined, by an abfiemioirs diet, and by frequent exercife, 
particularly by hunting. When he could enjoy leifure, 
he recreated himfelf in learned converfation, or in read¬ 
ing ; and he cultivated his natural talents by ftudy, above ’ 
any prince of his time. His affections, as well as His en¬ 
mities, were warm and durable ; and his long experience 
of ingratitude arid infidelity of men never deflroyed the 
natural fenfibility of his temper, which difpofed him to 
friendfhip and fociety. His death, was deeply lamented 
by his fubjeCts, whole happinefs feems to have been the 
chief aim of all his endeavours. He not only enaCted 
wholefome laws, but faw them executed with great punc¬ 
tuality. He was generous, even to admiration, with re¬ 
gard to t’nofe who committed offences againft his own 
perfon ; but he never forgave the injuries that were.of¬ 
fered to his people; in thofe cafes atrocious crimes.were 
puniflied feverely, without refpeCt of perfons. He was 
eloquent, agreeable, and facetious; remarkably courteous 
and polite; compaflionate to all indiftrefs; fo charitable, 
that he conftantly allotted one-tenth of his houfhold pro- 
vifions to the poor, and in time of dearth he maintained 
ten thoufand indigent perfons, from the beginning of 
fpring till the end of autumn. His talents, naturally good, 
he had cultivated with great affiduity, and delighted in 
the converfation of learned men, to whom lie was a gene¬ 
rous benefaClor. His memory was fo furprifingly tena¬ 
cious, that he never forgot a face nor a circumftance that 
2 ‘ .was 
