684 
E N G L A N D. 
diers, and the whole commonwealth, toUTrte writs within a 
week for the filling of their aflembly, and to fix the time 
for'theirown diflblution. He then marched with his army 
into the city, and havingTequefled the mayor to fummon 
a common council, lie apologifed for his late meafures, 
and defired that the city and army might mutually plight 
their faith for a drift union, in every thing that might 
conduce to the fettlement of the national affairs. He, 
then excited the fecluded members to enter the houfe, by 
which means a majority was formed favourable to his 
views, and’writs were ifliied for the immediate alfembling 
of a new parliament. - 
Monk now difpatched fir John Granville to deliver a 
verbal meifage to the king, who had been fome time in 
Spain, but had lately retired into Holland, informing him 
of their plan for his reftoration. The eleftions for the 
new parliament, by the union of the prefby terians and the , 
royalifts, went on every where in favour of the king; 
and the fame difpofition prevailed in Ireland. When 
the parliament met, fir Harbottle Gri-mftone was chofen 
fpeaker ; and the general, h:\vingfounded the inclinations 
of the aifembly, informed them that fir John Granville 
was now at the door with a letter for the commons, from 
their too long perfecuted fovereign. He was inftantly 
ordered to be admitted ; and, without one dilfenting voice, 
a committee was appointed to prepare an anfwer. 
The king’s declaration, which was publilhed and dif- 
perfed, by order of parliament, was well calculated to 
augment the fatisfaftion, which the conduft of Monk 
had infpired. It offered a general ainnefty, with fuch 
exceptions only as fhould be made by the parliament; 
it promifed liberty of confcience ; and allured the fol- 
diers of all their arrears, with a continuance of the fame 
pay. The lords, perceiving the fpirit with which the 
kingdom, as well as the commons, were aftuated, flattened 
to reinftate themfelves in their ancient authority ; and, 
both houfes attending, the king was proclaimed with 
great folemnity in Palace-yard, at Whitehall, and at 
Temple-bar. The commons voted a handfome gratuity 
to Granville, and a prefent of fifty thoufand pounds to his 
majefty, with inferior fums for the dukes of York and 
Gloucelter. A committee of lords and commons was 
difpatched, to invite the king to return, and aifume his 
crown. His majefty, accordingly embarking at Scheve- 
ling, landed at Dover, and, on the memorable 29th of 
May, 1660, which was alfo his birth-day, he entered 
London, amidft the joyful congratulations of his people. 
When Charles II. afcended the throne, he was thirty 
years of age ; and no prince ever received a crown with 
the more cordial approbation of his people. In the 
choice of his minifters, he gave great fatisfaftion to the 
nation. Sir Edward Hyde, created earl of Clarendon, 
was chancellor and prime minifter ; the duke of Ormond, 
was fteward of the houfhold ; the earl of Southampton, 
high treafurer; and fir Edward Nicholas, fecretary of 
fcate. Admiral Montagu, who had carried a fleet to re¬ 
ceive his majefty, without waiting for the fanftion of par¬ 
liament, was created earl of Sandwich; and general 
Monk, duke of Albemarle. No reward, indeed, could 
be too great for the fervices of the latter, who, without 
bloodftied and without confufion, had, by prudence and 
caution alone, effected fo delirable a revolution. Into 
the king’s council, were admitted the moft eminent men 
of the nation, without regard to their former diftinftions ; 
the prefbyterians equally with the royalifts. All judi¬ 
cial proceedings during the interregnum were ratified by 
a new law ; and the aft of indemnity, pafting with little 
oppofition, received the royal aftent. The next bufinefs 
was to fettle the king’s revenue. They granted him one 
hundred thoufand pounds a year, in lieu of the tenures 
of wards and liveries, and voted, that the revenue of the 
crown for all charges, fhould amount to the annual Aim 
of one million two hundred thoufand pounds ; but, ftill 
jealous of liberty, they fcarcely aftigned Aifficient funds 
for two-thirds of that Ami; and thus left the care of ful¬ 
filling their engagements to the future confideration of 
parliament. 
The trial and condemnation of the regicides, who had 
been moft aftive in the death of his father, now came on. 
I-Iarrifon, Scot, Carew, Clement, Jones, Scrope, Axtel, 
Hacker, Coke, and Hugh Peters, fuffcrcd with the con¬ 
fidence of martyrs : Lenthal, the fpeaker of the rump 
parliament, and the reft of the king’s judges, were, with 
unexampled lenity, reprieved, or efcaped arraignment. 
The king then diflolved the parliament, with a fpeech 
full of the moft gracious expreftions; and, by the urgent 
advice of Clarendon, confented to difoand the army, ex¬ 
cept about one thoufand horfe, and four thoufand foot. 
This was the firft appearance of a regular handing army, 
under the monarchy, in this ifiand. 
Clarendon, now nearly allied to the royal family by 
the marriage of his eideft daughter, Anne Hyde, to the 
duke of York, by his wifdom, his juftice, and his pru¬ 
dence, equally promoted the interefts of the prince and 
the people; but, in his attachment to the religionof the 
eftablifhment, he feems, in fome meafure, to have jprgot 
the compaft by which his mafter had been recalled. 
Charles having faid that prelbyterianifm was not a reli¬ 
gion for a gentleman, it was refolved to reftore prelacy 
in Scotland; and Sharp, who had been commiftioned by 
the prefbyterians in Scotland, to manage their interefts 
with the king, was perfuaded to abandon his party ; and, 
as a reward for his tergiverfation, was created archbifhop 
of St. Andrew’s. This excited much difcontent in 
Scotland ; and the humiliation of that feft in the north, 
was foon followed by the perfecution of their brethren 
in the fouth. An ineffeftual conference had been held 
at the Savoy, A. D. 1662, in order to bring about an ac¬ 
commodation between thofe of the eftabliftied church and 
the followers of prefbytery; and the new parliament, 
which met about this time, laying hold of the prejudices 
which prevailed among the prefbyterian feft, to ejeft 
them from their livings, required, that every Clergyman 
who had not received epifcopal ordination, fhould be re¬ 
ordained ; fhould declare his aftent to every thing con¬ 
tained in the book of common prayer ; fhould abjure the 
folemn league and covenant; and fhould renounce the 
principle of taking arms again!! the king, on any pretence 
whatfoever. This aft, and others which patted about 
the fame time, have been the beft fupports of the ftate, 
by elofely linking it with the church, and fecuring ec- 
clefiaftical fubordination. 
But, by thefe regulations, the king’s promifes of tole¬ 
ration dnd indulgence to tender confciences, were broken 
or eluded ; though it is probable that the catholics, ra¬ 
ther than the prelbyterians, were the perfons principally 
aimed at by Clarendon and the church party among the 
commons. About two thoufand feftaries, however, in 
one day, relinquillied their cures, and facrificed their in¬ 
terefts to their principles. Soon after, the king was mar¬ 
ried to the princefs Catharine of Portugal, with whom 
he received five hundred thoufand pounds, and the two 
fortrefles of Tangier in Africa, and Bombay in the Eaft: 
Indies, by way of dowry. This match was far from 
proving itufpicious ; for the queen never poflefled the af- 
feftions of her hufband. Amidft thefe tranfaftions, the 
pecuniary wants of the king daily increafed ; and, in or¬ 
der to raife money, as well as to Atve expences, Dunkirk 
was fold to France for four hundred thoufand pounds. 
In this fcheme Clarendon concurred ; and fo little aware 
was the French king of the value of his acquifition, that 
he thought he had made a hard bargain. 
About this time, A. D. 1663, Charles iffued a declara¬ 
tion, under pretence of mitigating the rigours contained 
in the aft of uniformity, to which lie feemed to be in¬ 
duced by his prejudices in Atvour of popery. Parlia¬ 
ment, however, had wifdom enough to oppofe all new 
fources of religious dilfenlion ; and, in order to deprive 
the catholics of any fuch views, the two houfes concur¬ 
red in a remonftrancc againft them. Charles, on this, not 
