7iS 
ENG 
fruits of their viftory during the whole continuance of 
the war. The duke of Bavaria, whom they made em¬ 
peror under the title of Charles VII. was lately dead; 
but though his pretenfions were the original caufe of the 
war, it was by no means difcontinued at his deceafe. The 
grand duke of Tufcany, hufband to the queen of Hun¬ 
gary, was declared emperor in his room ; and though the 
original caufe of the quarrel was no more, the dihenfions 
ftill continued as violent as ever. 
Notwithftanding the ill fuccefs which attended the Bri- 
tifh arms by land and fea, yet thefe being diftatit evils, 
the Englifh feemed only to complain from honourable 
motives, and murmured at diftrefles of which they had 
but a very remote idea. The projefted invafion by the 
pretender was now again at hand, but while it increafed 
their perplexities, it only cemented their union. The 
miniftry was now changed ; the lords Harrington, Chefter- 
.field, and Mr. Pelham, were at the head of affairs; thefe 
enjoyed fome lhare of popularity, and the operations of 
war were no longer thwarted by a turbulent oppofition. 
The admirals Rowl'ey and Warren had retrieved the ho¬ 
nour of the Britifh flag, and made feveral important cap¬ 
tures at fea. The fortrefs of Louilburg, in the ifland of 
Cape Breton, had furrendered to general Pepperell; while 
two French Eaft-Indiamen, and a Spanifli galleon from 
Peru, laden with immenfe treafure were taken. At this 
period of returning fuccefs, prince Charles-Edward, made 
his attempt for gaining the Britifh crown. He was enter- 
prifing and ambitious; but, either from inexperience or 
natural inability, utterly unequal to the bold undertaking 
■ in which he had embarked. He was long flattered by 
the rafh, the fuperftitious, and the needy ; he was taught 
to believe that the kingdom was ripe for a revolt, and 
that it could no longer bear the immenfe load of taxes 
with which it was burthened. 
Being furnifhed with money, and large promifes from 
France, he embarked for Scotland on-board a fmall fri¬ 
gate, accompanied by the marquis of Tullibardine, fir 
Thomas Sheridan, and a few other defperate adventurers. 
Fortune, which ever perfecuted his family, feemed no 
way more favourable to him; his convoy, a (hip of fixty 
guns, was fo difabled in an engagement with an Englifh 
man of war, the Lion, that it was obliged to return to 
Bred, while he continued his courfe to the wefiern parts 
of Scotland, and landing on thecoaft of Lochaber, July 27, 
1745, was in a little time joined by fome chiefs of the 
Highland clans, and their vaflals. By means of thefe 
chiefs he foon faw himfelf at the head of fifteen hundred 
men, and invited others to join him by his manifeftoes, 
which were difperfed all over Great Britain. The bold- 
nefs of the enterprife aftonifhed Europe : it awakened the 
fears of the pufillanimous, the ardour of the brave, and 
excited the pity of the wife. The miniftry was no (ooner 
confirmed in the account of his arrival, which at firft they 
could be fcarcely induced to credit, than fir John Cope 
was lent to oppofe his progrefs. By this time the young 
pretender was arrived at Perth, where the ceremony was 
performed of proclaiming his father king of Great Bri¬ 
tain. From thence, defcending with his forces from the 
Highlands, they feemed to gather ftrength as they went 
forward ; and, advancing to Edinburgh, entered that city 
without oppofition. There again the pageantry of pro¬ 
clamation was performed ; and there he promifed to dif- 
folve the union, which was confidered as one of the 
grievances of the country. However, the caftle of that 
cit-y (fill held out, and prince Charles was unprovided 
with cannon to befiege it. In the mean time, fir John 
Cope, who had purfued the rebels through the Highlands, 
refolved to march towards Edinburgh, and give them 
•battle. The young pretender, whole forces were fupe- 
rior, though undifciplined, attacked fir John near Prefton- 
pans, a few miles from the capital, and put him and his 
troops to flight. This victory, by which the king loft 
five hundred men, gave the rebels great influence ; and 
had Charles Stuart taken advantage of the general con- 
LAND, 
fternation, and marched direftly for England, the confe- 
quences might have been fatal to freedom. But he was 
amufed by the promife of fuccours which never came ; 
and was induced to remain in Edinburgh, to enjoy tite 
triumphs of a partial victory, and to be treated as a mo¬ 
narch. By this time his train was compofed of the e irl 
of Kilmarnock, lord Balmerino, the lords Cromartie, 
Elcho, Ogilvy, Pitiligo, and the eidcft foil of lord Lovat, 
who came in with their clans, and increafed his army. 
Lord Lovat himlelf was an enthufiaft in the caufe; but, 
being without principles, he was unwilling to aft openly, 
afraid of incurring the refentment of the miniftry, and the 
forfeiture of his life. Never was there a man of fuch un. 
accountable ambition, or who ever more actively ren¬ 
dered himfelf hateful and fufpefted by all. He was at 
firft outlawed for ravifiling the duke of Argyle’s niece ; 
he then offered his fervice to the old pretender in Fiance, 
and it W'as accepted ; lie next betrayed the forces which 
were fent to his alliftance to queen Anne. He a fecond 
time invited the pretender over in the reign of George I. 
and being put in pofteftion, by the chevalier, of the caftle 
of Stirling, he once more betrayed it into the hands of 
the enemy. This man, true to neither party, had now, 
in fecret, fent aid to the young pretender, while, in his 
converfation, he aftefted to declaim againft his conduft. 
While the thoughtlefs Charles-Edward was trifling 
away his time at Edinburgh, the miniftry of Great Britain 
took every precaution to oppofe him with fuccefs. Six 
thoufand Dutch troops, that had come over to the aflift. 
ance of the crown, were difpatched northward, under 
the command of general Wade; but it was objefted that 
they could lend no aflift nice, being prifoners of France 
upon parole, and under engagements not to oopofe that 
power for the fpace of one year. However this be, the 
duke of Cumberland ariived from Flanders, accompanied, 
with a large detachment of dragoons and infantry, well 
difciplined, and inured to aftion, at the head of which he 
took the field. In the mean while the young pretender, 
after holding feveral councils and confultations with his 
followers, came to the refolution of making an irruption 
into England. He entered by the weftern border, and 
inverted Carlifle, which furrendered in lefs than three 
days. He there found a conliderable quantity of arms ; 
and there too he procured his father, the old chevalier 
de St. George, to be proclaimed king, by the title of 
James III. 
General Wade, being apprifed of his progrefs, haftily 
advanced acrofs the country from theoppofite (hore ; but 
receiving intelligence that the enemy was full two days’ 
march before him, he retired to his former ftation. The 
young pretender, therefore, finding himfelf unoppofed, re¬ 
folved to penetrate farther into the kingdom, after having 
received aflurances from France, tha,t a confiderable body 
of troops would be landed on the fouthern coaft, to make 
a diverfion in his favour. He was flattered alfo with the 
hopes of being joined by a conliderable number of mal¬ 
contents as he parted forward, and that his army would 
increafe on the march. Accordingly, leaving a fmall, 
garrifon in Carlifle, which he (hould rather have taken 
with him, he advanced to Penrith, marching on foot in 
a Highland drefs, and continuing his irruption till he came 
to Manchefter, where he eftabliflted his head-quarters. 
He was there joined by about two hundred Engliih, who 
were formed into a regiment under the command of colonel 
Townly. From thence he purfued his march to Derby, 
intending to go by the way of Chefter into Wales, where 
he hoped to be joined by a great number of followers ; 
but the factions which began to exift among his own jea¬ 
lous chiefs, prevented his proceeding to that part of the 
kingdom. He was now advanced w ithin a hundred miles 
of London, which was filled with perplexity and confter- 
nation. Had he proceeded with expedition, it is thought 
he might have made himfelf mafter of the metropolis, 
where numbers of the difaffefted were ready to join him. 
In this crifis, the king refolved immediately to take the 
field 
