E N G I 
eours lie was under a neceffity to fend to fir Eyre Coote. 
In the province of Malva, colonel Carnac furprifed, 
April 30, (lie camp of the enemy, and Madajee Scindia 
was a fecond time totally routed. After this the'Mali, 
ratta chieftain made fecret overtures fora feparate peace; 
and a cefiation of lioftilities between England and the 
Mahratta Rates took place in.the month of Oirtober, 17S1. 
The definitive articles of peace were figned in May fol¬ 
lowing, at Salberg, by Mr. Anderfon, on the part of the 
company, and by Scindia, general and plenipotentiary, 
on the part of the peifiiwa. By this treaty BalTeen, and 
the other recent acquifitions in the Guzzerat, were re- 
ftored to the Mahrattas, the ifland of Salfette only of the 
late conqnefts remaining to the Englifh ; for, at the re¬ 
fined of Madajee Scindia, the Englilh confented alfo to 
relinquifh their claim to the city of Baroach and the con¬ 
tiguous diftridls. Ragonaut Row was, by this treaty, 
for ever abandoned, and compelled to quit the territories 
of the company; and their ally, the rana of Gohud,who 
appears indeed without fcruple to have oppofed dupli¬ 
city to duplicity, was, under pretext of “ leaving him to 
fettle his own affairs,” virtually delivered up to the 
mercy of hisenemies. But the mod extraordinary article 
of the treaty was that whereby the peifiiwa engages that 
Hyder Ali Khan fiiall be made to relinquifh, within fix 
months, all fuch territories belonging to the company or 
their allies as he (hall have taken polfefiion of fince the 
ninth of the month Ramzan. The fa6t was, that not 
only a treaty of peace, but of the ftriefteft alliance and 
iriendfliip, was now formed by the governor-general 
Haftings with the Mahratta court; and a fecret project 
was believed to be already in contemplation for the parti¬ 
tion of Hyder’s dominions. The nizam of the Decan 
and the rajah of Berar were alfo parties in this accommo¬ 
dation, for their acceflion. to which they received large 
pecuniary gratifications. 
This pacification with the Mahrattas induced the pre- 
■ fidency of Bengal to rifque a bold attempt on the domi¬ 
nions of Hyder Ali on the Malabar fide. The kingdoms 
of Canara and Myfore, both under fubjedtion to that 
^ prince, ftretch along the weftern coaft of Hindoofian, 
nearly in the latitude of Arcot. The chief city of the 
former is Bednore, a name changed by its pofieffor to 
Hydernagore. A confiderable force, already landed in 
the kingdom of Myfore, had relieved the city of Tel 1 i- 
cherri, a port or fadtory on that coaft belonging to the 
Englifh, and reduced the neighbouring town of Calicut. 
It was with difficulty, neverthelefs, that the Englifh kept 
their footing in this country, when General Matthews 
arrived from Bombay with verv large reinforcements, and 
immediately laid fiege to the important fortrefs of Oncre, 
which was carried by ftorm on the fifth of January, 1783. 
At this period died Hyder Ali ; who was fucceeded by 
his fon Tippoo Saib, a prince who had already given 
great proofs of valour and ability. 
From Onore general Matthews proceeded through the 
ghauts, or pafies of the mountains, to Hydernagore, which 
furrendered to him without refiftance. After this, An- 
nampore, Carwa, and Mangalore, were fticceffively fub- 
dned ; the former by ftorm, with circumftances of Angu¬ 
lar barbarity : four hundred beautiful women perifhed in 
the general malfacre, under the brutal licentioulnefs of 
the foldiery. In the mean time Tippoo prepared for the 
■relief of Myfore and Canara ; and, leaving a ftrcng force 
to guard his conquefts in the Carnatic, he marched his 
army acrofs the peninfula with unexampled expedition, 
and arrived in the vicinity of Hydernagore in April, 1783. 
By a feries of manoeuvres he made himfelf mailer of the 
ghauts in the rear of general Matthews, by which means 
all communication with the fea was entirely cut off.. The 
force of general Matthews being now centred in Hyder¬ 
nagore, this city was inverted by Tippoo with a vaft 
army, computed at 150,000 men, covering the hills on 
every fide as far as the eye could reach. The Englilh, 
reduced to extremity, were foon obliged to furrender on 
*iOL. VI. No. 389. 
A N D. 765 
capitulation, by the terms of which the public treafure 
was to be reftored to the ftiltan ; but not a rupee being 
found in the fortrefs, general Matthews was charged by 
the conqueror with grofs collufion, and a diredt infraction 
of the treaty ; and being conducted in chains to Seringa- 
patam, the capital of Myfore, lie was thrown into a dun¬ 
geon, and, with the greater part of his officers, periffiecl 
miferably in confinement under various devices of cruel 
torture. See the article Hindoostan. 
Notwithftanding the departure of Tippoo from the Car¬ 
natic, tire prelidency of Madras had (till to cope with 
fuperior force. Although the utmoft exertions of fir 
Eyre Coote had not been wanting, no decifive advantage 
had been gained in the Taft.campaign with Hyder'; and 
the ill date of health of this able commander obliged him 
to relign the army into the hands of general Stuart, and 
to retire at the conclufion of 1783 to Bengal. Early in 
the enfuing fpring, believing himfelf fomewhat recovered, 
he returned to Madras in order to refume his command ; 
but two days only after his arrival, he expired in an ad¬ 
vanced age, having acquired in more than thirty years 
military fervice in India a reputation, the luftre of which 
could be deemed fcarcely inferior to that of his pretle- 
ceffior, lord Clive. The important fettlement of Trin- 
quemale was retaken by M. Sufffefn, and a very large 
reinforcement of French troops landed in the Carnatic 
under M. de Bufii. Notwithftanding all oppofition, ge¬ 
neral Stuart inverted Cuddalore, and made confiderable 
progrefs in the fiege, when an exprefs arrived with the 
intelligence of a treaty of peace having been concluded 
between the belligerent powers, on which an immediate 
cefiation of hoftilities took place. 
After the conqueft of Hydernagore, and the recapture 
of the inland country by Tippoo, he laid fiege to Jvjan- 
gafore, the principal place yet remaining in the hands of 
the Englifh ; an obftinate refiftance was made by the gar- 
rifon ; but a practicable breach being at length effedled, 
a general affiault was in contemplation, when news ar. 
rived of the pacification which had taken place in Europe; 
and the French troops and engineers in his fervicp in¬ 
formed him, that they muft immediately withdraw their 
affiftance. Tippoo, after much paffionate expoftulation, 
therefore afiented to an armiftice, in a few days after 
which event colonel Macleod arrived with powerful 
reinforcements from Bombay. A negociation was imme¬ 
diately commenced for a definitive peace. This was ac¬ 
celerated by a declaration which the fultan received from 
the peifiiwa of the Mahrattas, that if Tippoo did not 
confent to an immediate evacuation of the Carnatic, he 
would unite with the Englifh againff him. During the 
continuance of the truce and the negociation., the bibby, 
or princefs of, Cannanore, a diftridl depending on the 
kingdom of Canara, having feized tome boats with fepoys 
belonging to the garrifon of Mangalore, accidentally 
forced by ftrefs of weather on her coaft, colonel Macleod 
attacked and ftormed the fortrefs of Cannanore, making 
the princefs herfelf prifoner. Although loud complaints 
were made by Tippoo of this violation of the armiflice, 
it does not appear much to have retarded the negociation, 
the articles being figned March 11, 1784, on the terms of 
mutual reftitution, and a renunciation on the part of 
Tippoo of his claim to the fovereignty-of the Carnatic. 
In the month of March, 1783, Mr. Haftings difpatched 
his own fecret agent, major Browne, to the court o-f 
Dehli, in order to make propofals to the Mogul emperor 
Sha Allum, to enter into engagements with the company 
and the Mahratta government, for the accomplifliment 
of certain defigns in favour of the emperor, but of a very 
hoftile nature to feveral powersof Hindoofian then in amity 
with the company. And major Browne was ccmmif- 
fioned to offer to the Mogul, to provide for the entire ex¬ 
pence of any troops the emperor might require ; which 
propofal was accepted with every lymptom of eagetnefs 
and fatisfadtion. And the negociation being fufficiently 
advanced, Mr. Haftings,brought forward a v.rpp.ofitjon in 
9 I " council, 
