ENGLAND. 
brought off by the allies. It is laid that Dugommier 
expreffed, in council, the utter impofHbili'fy of recovering 
this great naval arfenal, unlefs a mod competent engineer 
could be found, to manage and direCt the immenfe artil¬ 
lery to be employed againft it. Such a per£pn was at length 
difcovered in Napoleone Bonaparte, an obfcure Corfican, 
who had been educated at the military academy in France, 
and ferved as a lieutenant ip the regiment of La'-Fere. 
Having (led from the troubles that prevailed in his native 
jfland, he now offered his .Cervices, and was employed by 
the deputy Barras, on the recommendation of his conn- 
trymarr Salicetti, and certainly contributed by his military 
talents to decide the fate of Toulon. 
On the Rhine the French arms were equally profper- 
ous ; for, though the duke of Brunfwick had the advan- 
tage in feveraf actions, and general Wurmfer was fome- 
times fuccefsful, the overwhelming mafs of republicans 
fo effectually prevailed after four days of continued con¬ 
flict, that the lines of Weiffembourg were recovered, and 
Landau was relieved from a blockade by the flight of the 
Prufiians and Auftrians. The cities of Spire and Worms 
were feized ; and (tores of various defcriptions, to a great 
amount, fell into the hands of the republican army. 
The fleets of the contending nations had no engage¬ 
ment in this firft year of the war ; but fome maritime ex¬ 
editions were undertaken. An armament failed to To- 
ago, and the ifland was foon reduced ; but, when a 
fquadron had appeared before Martinique with a fnhilar 
view, the debarkation of a fmall force proved fruitlefs ; 
and the Englifh retired. In the northern part of the 
Weftern hemifphere, two i(lands (St. Pierre and Mique¬ 
lon) were added to the Britifli pofleflions. In India, the 
fliips and factories of the French Were taken as foon as the 
intelligence of the war arrived ; and Pondicherry was fur- 
rendered by a fpiritlefs garrifon to the Britith arms. In 
the Mediterranean, our naval commanders endeavoured to 
intimidate the grand duke of Tufcany and the republic 
of Genoa into a conjunction with the allied powers; but 
French influence, and a defire of peace, had a greater ef¬ 
fect than thefe menaces. While the war thus raged, a 
declaration was prefented to the world, on the part of 
Great Britain, dated October 29, vindicating the exercife 
of external force for the eftablifhment of order in France, 
as fuch interference was eftential to the fecurity and re- 
pofe of all civilifed powers ; recommending an hereditary 
monarchy, yet not infilling on the exclufion of. any other 
form of government which might prove compatible with 
the peace and fafety of Europe. 
In opening a new feffion of parliament, January 21, 
1794, the king obferved, that he and his fubjeCts were 
engaged in a momentous conteft, on the ilfue of which 
depended the maintenance of the national confutation, 
laws, and religion, and the fecurity of all civil fociety. 
Having mentioned the advantages obtained by the arms 
of the confederate powers, he added, that the circum- 
ilances by which their further progrefs had been impeded, 
not only proved the neceflity of vigour and perfieverance, 
but confirmed the expectation of ultimate fuccefs. He 
regretted the neceflity of continuing the war ; but he 
thought he fliould ill confult the eftential interefts of his 
people, if he defired peace on any grounds exclufive of 
a due provifion For their permanent fafety, and for the 
independence and fecurity of Europe. 
The difembarkation of a body of Heflians in the ifie of 
Wight, and their detention there, without the previous 
conVent of parliament, furnifhed a topic of debate. Mr. 
Grey moved, that the commons fhould declare it to be 
contrary to law; and the earl of Albemarle contended 
for the propriety of enaCting a bill of indemnity on ac¬ 
count of this invafion of the conftitution. A treaty was 
alfo announced to the parliament, by which the king had 
bound himfelf, in concert with tbe Dutch, to the pay¬ 
ment of 50.,cool, per month for a Pruflian army of 62,400 
men, of 300,0001. for putting that force in a ftate of 
aCtion, and of a large fum for bread and forage. It was 
779 
obferved, that the king of Pruffia was more interefled in 
oppofing the French than we could be ; that he had been 
one of the chief infligators of the war 5 that former en¬ 
gagements required him to continue hofiilities, without 
being fubfidiled by Great Britain ; that the terms were 
extravagant ; and that the men who thus laviftied the 
treafures of their country had no reafon to expeCt. good 
faith from a venal and fickle prince, who would probably 
defert us in the hour of need. It tyas faid in reply, that 
it was illiberal to doubt the honour of that magnanimous 
court; but the event afforded a new and fingular inftance 
of rapacity and defection in a foreign ally. 
The conduct of the war was the fubjeCt of ftrong cen- 
fure in various debates; and the improbability of its final 
fuccefs was repeatedly noticed. Mr. Jenkinfon expofed 
himfelf to ridicule in one of thefe difeufiions, by alferting 
the practicability of marching to Paris, and overturning 
the obnoxious government. After a review of the French 
revolution and the progrefs of the war, the duke of Bed¬ 
ford propofed, as preliminaries to a peace, a candid and 
explicit declaration of the objeCt of the war, and a renun¬ 
ciation of all concern witli the internal affairs of France ; 
and Mr. Fox ably harangued the commons on the fame 
ground ; but both houfes exploded all propofitions of 
this nature. 
It was fuppofed that the trial of Mr. Haftings would 
have been brought to a clofe in the preceding year ; but 
tbe further examination of vvitneffes, and the intervention 
of fpeeches from the advocates and the managers, retarded 
the conclufion. In this feffion, marquis Cornwallis ap¬ 
peared as a witnefs ; and his teftimony being favourable 
to his predeceffor, gave a remarkable turn to the caufe. 
Replies to the defenfive allegations followed thefe pro¬ 
ceedings ; and Mr. Burke, in a feries of admired ha¬ 
rangues, again entered into the hiftory of India, and de¬ 
lineated in glowing but overcharged colours, the chief 
features of the impeachment. He then urged with for¬ 
cible eloquence the claims of eternal juffice, and thus 
clofed the procefs of accufation, June 16, 1794. The ma¬ 
nagers were complimented by Mr. Pitt with a (notion for 
a vote of thanks, which paffed, though not unanimoufly. 
On the day of prorogation, July n, earl Fitzwilliam 
was appointed prelident of the council ; the duke of Port¬ 
land became one of the fecretaries of (fate ; earl Spencer 
was declared keeper of the privy feal, and Mr. Windham 
fecretary at war. 
In the mean time the campaign of 1794 opened; but 
with the difadvantages moff commonly attendant upon 
allied powers. The rivalry between Auffria and Pruffia, 
and the jealoufy which each had conceived of the other, 
were fo vifible to the duke of Brunfwick, that he refolved. 
to have no further concern in the command of an army 
whole efforts, he thought, would be rendered unavailing 
by the difunion of offenfible confederates. His refignation 
was foon followed by a complaint from the Pruflian mo¬ 
narch of the great expence of the war, and a propofal 
that the (fates of the empire fliould provide for the fub- 
fiffence of his troops; a requeft to which that body did 
not accede. When the emperor defired that the diet 
would order the people in the frontier circles to rife in a 
mafs, the court of Berlin ffrongly oppofed the meafure as 
fruitlefs and dangerous. The general levy did not take 
place ; and the contingents of the.German princes were 
imperfectly and tardily furnifhed. 
Extraordinary preparations were made for the defence 
of the Netherlands, and the attack of the F'rench fron¬ 
tiers. The emperor Francis, took the perfonal command 
ot the Auffrian, Britiffv, and Dutch armies, April 17, and 
led them forward in eight columns. The three firft of 
thefe battalions diflodged the enemy from various pofts ; 
and the fourth, conducted by the duke of York, approach¬ 
ing Vaux amidft a very ievere fire, forced that poft as well 
as the wood of Bohain. Tire works'at Premont were 
(formed by the corps which fir William Erfkirie com¬ 
manded ; while the three other columns gained their ap, 
pointed 
